UTF8gbsn
对于齐次线性方程组,行列式为0,则一定有非零解.
看看问题的来源
{ a 11 x 1 + a 12 x 2 + ⋯ + a 1 n x n = 0 a 21 x 1 + a 22 x 2 + ⋯ + a 2 n x n = 0 ⋮ a n 1 x 1 + a n 2 x 2 + ⋯ + a n n x n = 0 \left\{ \begin{aligned} a_{11}x_{1}+a_{12}x_2+\cdots+a_{1n}x_{n}=0\\ a_{21}x_{1}+a_{22}x_2+\cdots+a_{2n}x_{n}=0\\ \vdots \\ a_{n1}x_{1}+a_{n2}x_2+\cdots+a_{nn}x_{n}=0 \end{aligned} \right. ⎩⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎨⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎧a11x1+a12x2+⋯+a1nxn=0a21x1+a22x2+⋯+a2nxn=0⋮an1x1+an2x2+⋯+annxn=0
我们改写这个方程为矩阵的形式为
( a 11 a 12 ⋯ a 1 n a 21 a 22 ⋯ a 2 n ⋮ ⋮ ⋱ ⋮ a n 1 a n 2 ⋯ a n n ) ( x 1 x 2 ⋮ x n ) = 0 \left( \begin{array}{cccc} a_{11} & a_{12} & \cdots & a_{1n} \\ a_{21} & a_{22} & \cdots & a_{2n} \\ \vdots & \vdots & \ddots & \vdots \\ a_{n1} & a_{n2} & \cdots & a_{nn} \end{array} \right)\left( \begin{array}{c} x_{1} \\ x_2 \\ \vdots \\ x_n \end{array} \right)=0 ⎝⎜⎜⎜⎛a11a21⋮an1a12a22⋮an2⋯⋯⋱⋯a1na2n⋮ann⎠⎟⎟⎟⎞⎝⎜⎜⎜⎛x1x2⋮xn⎠⎟⎟⎟⎞=0
我们可以把矩阵改写称为列向量形式
( a 1 a 2 ⋯ a n ) ( x 1 x 2 ⋮ x n ) = 0 ⇒ a 1 x 1 + a 2 x 2 + ⋯ + a n x n = 0 \left( \begin{array}{cccc} \mathbf{a_1} & \mathbf{a_2} & \cdots & \mathbf{a_n} \end{array} \right)\left( \begin{array}{c} x_1 \\ x_2 \\ \vdots \\ x_n \end{array} \right)=0 \Rightarrow \mathbf{a_1}x_1+\mathbf{a_2}x_2+\cdots+\mathbf{a_n}x_n=0 (a1a2⋯an)⎝⎜⎜⎜⎛x1x2⋮xn⎠⎟⎟⎟⎞=0⇒a1x1+a2x2+⋯+anxn=0
从线性代数的线性相关和非线性相关的知识里面,我们可以得到.
如果
(
a
1
a
2
⋯
a
n
)
\left( \begin{array}{cccc} a_1 & a_2 & \cdots & a_n \end{array} \right)
(a1a2⋯an)非线性相关,那么
(
x
1
x
2
⋯
x
n
)
\left( \begin{array}{cccc} x_1 & x_2 & \cdots & x_n \end{array} \right)
(x1x2⋯xn)只能都取0.只有当
(
a
1
a
2
⋯
a
n
)
\left( \begin{array}{cccc} a_1 & a_2 & \cdots & a_n \end{array} \right)
(a1a2⋯an)线性相关的时候,
(
x
1
x
2
⋯
x
n
)
\left( \begin{array}{cccc} x_1 & x_2 & \cdots & x_n \end{array} \right)
(x1x2⋯xn)才可以有非零元素.
而如果 ( a 1 a 2 ⋯ a n ) \left( \begin{array}{cccc} a_1 & a_2 & \cdots & a_n \end{array} \right) (a1a2⋯an)线性相关,那么下面的行列式就等于0
∣ a 11 a 12 ⋯ a 1 n a 21 a 22 ⋯ a 2 n ⋮ ⋮ ⋱ ⋮ a n 1 a n 2 ⋯ a n n ∣ = 0 \left| \begin{array}{cccc} a_{11} & a_{12} & \cdots & a_{1n} \\ a_{21} & a_{22} & \cdots & a_{2n} \\ \vdots & \vdots & \ddots & \vdots \\ a_{n1} & a_{n2} & \cdots & a_{nn} \end{array} \right|=0 ∣∣∣∣∣∣∣∣∣a11a21⋮an1a12a22⋮an2⋯⋯⋱⋯a1na2n⋮ann∣∣∣∣∣∣∣∣∣=0
于是原命题得证.
2094
被折叠的 条评论
为什么被折叠?
到【灌水乐园】发言
