舵机一般分辨率是最小一度,范围0-180度。如果精度需要小于1度,设定us时间函数
步骤说明
-
确认舵机精度:普通舵机可能无法精确到0.5度,建议使用数字舵机(如MG996R、DS3218等)。
-
使用微秒控制:通过
writeMicroseconds()
直接设置脉冲宽度,绕过角度整数限制。 -
计算微秒增量:根据舵机规格(如1000μs-2000μs对应0°-180°),每0.5度对应约2.78μs。
-
代码实现:通过浮点数计算目标微秒值,并四舍五入后发送给舵机。
1、舵机分辨率1度
#include <Servo.h> //加载文件库
int pos = 0;
Servo myservo;
#define MOTOR_IO 3 //舵机引脚
void setup()
{
Serial.begin(9600); //开启串口,波特率9600
myservo.attach(MOTOR_IO, 500, 2500); //修正脉冲宽度,引脚4
}
void loop()
{
//舵机正转180度
for (pos = 0; pos <= 180; pos += 1) //pos+=1等价于pos=pos+1
{
myservo.write(pos);
delay(20);
}
//舵机反转180度
for (pos = 180; pos >= 0; pos -= 1)
{
myservo.write(pos);
delay(20);
}
}
2、舵机分辨率到小数
#include <Servo.h>
Servo myservo;
//float targetAngle = 0.0; // 初始角度
float pos = 0.0; // 初始角度
void setup() {
myservo.attach(4); // 舵机信号线接数字引脚9
myservo.writeMicroseconds(angleToMicroseconds(pos)); // 初始位置
delay(1000); // 等待舵机到位
}
void loop()
{
//舵机正转180度
for (pos = 0; pos <= 180; pos += 0.2) //pos+=1等价于pos=pos+1
{
myservo.writeMicroseconds(angleToMicroseconds(pos));
delay(5);
}
//舵机反转180度
for (pos = 180; pos >= 0; pos -= 0.2)
{
myservo.writeMicroseconds(angleToMicroseconds(pos));
delay(5);
}
}
// 角度转微秒函数(支持浮点数)
float angleToMicroseconds(float angle)
{
const float minUs = 500.0; // 舵机最小脉冲宽度(0度)
const float maxUs = 2500.0; // 舵机最大脉冲宽度(180度)
const float usPerDegree = (maxUs - minUs) / 180.0; // 每度微秒数
// 计算脉冲宽度并约束在范围内
float microseconds = minUs + (angle * usPerDegree);
if (microseconds < minUs) microseconds = minUs;
if (microseconds > maxUs) microseconds = maxUs;
//return round(microseconds); // 四舍五入为整数
return microseconds; // 四舍五入为整数
}
3、使用SIN函数生成数据给舵机运行
代码
#include <Servo.h>
Servo myservo;
float pos = 0.0; // 初始角度
float fSinAmp_A=180.0f; //幅值
float fSin_T_A=10.0f; //周期----10秒
float fPhase_A=0.0f; //相位角--不用
float fT_Delta_A=0.0f; //周期变化量
float pi = 3.1415926f;
float sum_x_A=0.0f; //x坐标值
void setup()
{
Serial.begin(9600); //开启串口,波特率9600
//
myservo.attach(4); // 舵机信号线接数字引脚9
myservo.writeMicroseconds(angleToMicroseconds(pos)); // 初始位置
delay(1000); // 等待舵机到位
}
void loop()
{
//生成SIN周期数据
fT_Delta_A = (0.01f * pi * 2) / (fSin_T_A ); //每个程序周期x轴变化量, 0.01是10毫秒定时器周期
float yTemp_A = fSinAmp_A * sin(sum_x_A + fPhase_A); //SIN函数计算当前周期,俯仰A的值
sum_x_A = sum_x_A + fT_Delta_A;
//舵机运行
pos=abs(yTemp_A);
myservo.writeMicroseconds(angleToMicroseconds(pos));
//串口打印输出
Serial.println(pos);
//10毫秒延时,程序周期时间
delay(10);
}
// 角度转微秒函数(支持浮点数)
float angleToMicroseconds(float angle)
{
const float minUs = 500.0; // 舵机最小脉冲宽度(0度)
const float maxUs = 2500.0; // 舵机最大脉冲宽度(180度)
const float usPerDegree = (maxUs - minUs) / 180.0; // 每度微秒数
// 计算脉冲宽度并约束在范围内
float microseconds = minUs + (angle * usPerDegree);
if (microseconds < minUs) microseconds = minUs;
if (microseconds > maxUs) microseconds = maxUs;
return microseconds;
}
SIN数据-一个周期
0.00
1.13
2.26
3.39
4.52
5.65
6.78
7.91
9.04
10.17
11.30
12.43
13.56
14.69
15.81
16.94
18.07
19.19
20.31
21.44
22.56
23.68
24.80
25.92
27.04
28.16
29.27
30.39
31.50
32.62
33.73
34.84
35.95
37.06
38.16
39.27
40.37
41.47
42.57
43.67
44.76
45.86
46.95
48.04
49.13
50.22
51.30
52.39
53.47
54.55
55.62
56.70
57.77
58.84
59.91
60.97
62.04
63.10
64.15
65.21
66.26
67.31
68.36
69.41
70.45
71.49
72.52
73.56
74.59
75.62
76.64
77.66
78.68
79.70
80.71
81.72
82.72
83.73
84.73
85.72
86.72
87.71
88.69
89.67
90.65
91.63
92.60
93.57
94.53
95.49
96.45
97.40
98.35
99.30
100.24
101.17
102.11
103.04
103.96
104.88
105.80
106.71
107.62
108.53
109.43
110.32
111.21
112.10
112.98
113.86
114.74
115.61
116.47
117.33
118.19
119.04
119.88
120.72
121.56
122.39
123.22
124.04
124.86
125.67
126.48
127.28
128.08
128.87
129.66
130.44
131.21
131.99
132.75
133.51
134.27
135.02
135.77
136.51
137.24
137.97
138.69
139.41
140.12
140.83
141.53
142.23
142.92
143.60
144.28
144.96
145.62
146.28
146.94
147.59
148.24
148.87
149.51
150.13
150.75
151.37
151.98
152.58
153.18
153.77
154.35
154.93
155.51
156.07
156.63
157.19
157.74
158.28
158.81
159.34
159.86
160.38
160.89
161.40
161.89
162.38
162.87
163.35
163.82
164.28
164.74
165.20
165.64
166.08
166.51
166.94
167.36
167.77
168.18
168.58
168.97
169.36
169.74
170.11
170.48
170.84
171.19
171.54
171.88
172.21
172.53
172.85
173.16
173.47
173.77
174.06
174.34
174.62
174.89
175.16
175.41
175.66
175.91
176.14
176.37
176.60
176.81
177.02
177.22
177.42
177.60
177.78
177.96
178.12
178.28
178.44
178.58
178.72
178.85
178.97
179.09
179.20
179.30
179.40
179.49
179.57
179.64
179.71
179.77
179.83
179.87
179.91
179.94
179.97
179.99
180.00
180.00
180.00
179.99
179.97
179.94
179.91
179.87
179.83
179.77
179.71
179.64
179.57
179.49
179.40
179.30
179.20
179.09
178.97
178.85
178.72
178.58
178.44
178.28
178.12
177.96
177.78
177.60
177.42
177.22
177.02
176.81
176.60
176.37
176.14
175.91
175.67
175.41
175.16
174.89
174.62
174.35
174.06
173.77
173.47
173.17
172.85
172.53
172.21
171.88
171.54
171.19
170.84
170.48
170.11
169.74
169.36
168.97
168.58
168.18
167.77
167.36
166.94
166.51
166.08
165.64
165.20
164.74
164.28
163.82
163.35
162.87
162.38
161.89
161.40
160.89
160.38
159.86
159.34
158.81
158.28
157.74
157.19
156.63
156.07
155.51
154.93
154.36
153.77
153.18
152.58
151.98
151.37
150.76
150.13
149.51
148.87
148.24
147.59
146.94
146.29
145.62
144.96
144.28
143.60
142.92
142.23
141.53
140.83
140.12
139.41
138.69
137.97
137.24
136.51
135.77
135.02
134.27
133.51
132.75
131.99
131.21
130.44
129.66
128.87
128.08
127.28
126.48
125.67
124.86
124.04
123.22
122.39
121.56
120.72
119.88
119.04
118.19
117.33
116.47
115.61
114.74
113.86
112.98
112.10
111.21
110.32
109.43
108.53
107.62
106.71
105.80
104.88
103.96
103.04
102.11
101.17
100.24
99.30
98.35
97.40
96.45
95.49
94.53
93.57
92.60
91.63
90.65
89.67
88.69
87.70
86.71
85.72
84.73
83.73
82.72
81.72
80.71
79.70
78.68
77.66
76.64
75.61
74.59
73.56
72.52
71.49
70.45
69.40
68.36
67.31
66.26
65.21
64.15
63.09
62.03
60.97
59.91
58.84
57.77
56.70
55.62
54.54
53.47
52.39
51.30
50.22
49.13
48.04
46.95
45.86
44.76
43.67
42.57
41.47
40.37
39.26
38.16
37.05
35.95
34.84
33.73
32.62
31.50
30.39
29.27
28.16
27.04
25.92
24.80
23.68
22.56
21.44
20.31
19.19
18.06
16.94
15.81
14.68
13.56
12.43
11.30
10.17
9.04
7.91
6.78
5.65
4.52
3.39
2.26
1.13
0.00
位置曲线图像
速度曲线图像
问题:
可以看出,初始速度太大,且速度曲线不连续。这就会造成设备往复运动中异常抖动厉害
4、优化后的SIN函数运行
代码
#include <Servo.h>
Servo myservo;
float pos = 0.0; // 初始角度
float fSinAmp_A=180.0f; //幅值
float fSin_T_A=10.0f; //周期----10秒
float fPhase_A=0.0f; //相位角--不用
float fT_Delta_A=0.0f; //周期变化量
float pi = 3.1415926f;
float sum_x_A=0.0f; //x坐标值
void setup()
{
Serial.begin(9600); //开启串口,波特率9600
//
myservo.attach(2); // 舵机信号线接数字引脚9
myservo.writeMicroseconds(angleToMicroseconds(pos)); // 初始位置
delay(1000); // 等待舵机到位
}
void loop()
{
fPhase_A=-90*pi/180; //相位角右移90度
//生成SIN周期数据
//生成SIN周期数据
fT_Delta_A = (0.02f * pi * 2) / (fSin_T_A ); //每个程序周期x轴变化量, 0.01是10毫秒定时器周期
float yTemp_A = (fSinAmp_A / 2) * sin(sum_x_A + fPhase_A) + (fSinAmp_A / 2); //SIN函数计算当前周期,俯仰A的值
sum_x_A = sum_x_A + fT_Delta_A;
//舵机运行
pos=abs(yTemp_A);
myservo.writeMicroseconds(angleToMicroseconds(pos));
//串口打印输出
Serial.println(pos);
//10毫秒延时,程序周期时间
delay(20);
}
// 角度转微秒函数(支持浮点数)
float angleToMicroseconds(float angle)
{
const float minUs = 500.0; // 舵机最小脉冲宽度(0度)
const float maxUs = 2500.0; // 舵机最大脉冲宽度(180度)
const float usPerDegree = (maxUs - minUs) / 180.0; // 每度微秒数
// 计算脉冲宽度并约束在范围内
float microseconds = minUs + (angle * usPerDegree);
if (microseconds < minUs) microseconds = minUs;
if (microseconds > maxUs) microseconds = maxUs;
return microseconds;
}
数据
0.00
0.01
0.03
0.06
0.11
0.18
0.26
0.35
0.45
0.58
0.71
0.86
1.02
1.20
1.39
1.59
1.81
2.05
2.29
2.55
2.83
3.12
3.42
3.73
4.06
4.41
4.76
5.13
5.51
5.91
6.32
6.74
7.18
7.63
8.09
8.57
9.05
9.56
10.07
10.60
11.13
11.68
12.25
12.82
13.41
14.01
14.62
15.25
15.88
16.53
17.19
17.86
18.54
19.24
19.94
20.66
21.38
22.12
22.87
23.63
24.40
25.17
25.96
26.76
27.57
28.39
29.22
30.06
30.91
31.77
32.63
33.51
34.40
35.29
36.19
37.10
38.02
38.95
39.88
40.83
41.78
42.74
43.70
44.68
45.66
46.65
47.64
48.64
49.65
50.66
51.68
52.71
53.74
54.78
55.82
56.87
57.93
58.99
60.05
61.12
62.19
63.27
64.35
65.44
66.53
67.62
68.72
69.82
70.92
72.03
73.14
74.25
75.37
76.48
77.60
78.72
79.85
80.97
82.10
83.22
84.35
85.48
86.61
87.74
88.87
90.00
91.14
92.27
93.40
94.53
95.66
96.78
97.91
99.04
100.16
101.28
102.41
103.52
104.64
105.76
106.87
107.98
109.09
110.19
111.29
112.39
113.48
114.57
115.66
116.74
117.82
118.89
119.96
121.02
122.08
123.14
124.18
125.23
126.27
127.30
128.32
129.35
130.36
131.37
132.37
133.36
134.35
135.33
136.30
137.27
138.23
139.18
140.12
141.06
141.99
142.91
143.82
144.72
145.61
146.50
147.37
148.24
149.10
149.95
150.78
151.61
152.43
153.24
154.04
154.83
155.61
156.38
157.14
157.89
158.62
159.35
160.07
160.77
161.46
162.14
162.81
163.47
164.12
164.76
165.38
165.99
166.59
167.18
167.76
168.32
168.87
169.41
169.94
170.45
170.95
171.44
171.91
172.37
172.82
173.26
173.68
174.09
174.49
174.87
175.24
175.60
175.94
176.27
176.58
176.89
177.17
177.45
177.71
177.96
178.19
178.41
178.61
178.80
178.98
179.14
179.29
179.43
179.55
179.65
179.74
179.82
179.89
179.94
179.97
179.99
180.00
179.99
179.97
179.94
179.89
179.82
179.74
179.65
179.54
179.42
179.29
179.14
178.98
178.80
178.61
178.40
178.19
177.95
177.71
177.45
177.17
176.88
176.58
176.26
175.94
175.59
175.24
174.87
174.48
174.09
173.68
173.25
172.82
172.37
171.91
171.43
170.94
170.44
169.93
169.40
168.86
168.31
167.75
167.17
166.59
165.99
165.37
164.75
164.11
163.47
162.81
162.14
161.45
160.76
160.06
159.34
158.61
157.88
157.13
156.37
155.60
154.82
154.03
153.23
152.42
151.60
150.77
149.94
149.09
148.23
147.36
146.49
145.60
144.71
143.81
142.89
141.97
141.05
140.11
139.17
138.22
137.26
136.29
135.32
134.34
133.35
132.36
131.35
130.35
129.33
128.31
127.29
126.25
125.22
124.17
123.12
122.07
121.01
119.95
118.88
117.80
116.73
115.64
114.56
113.47
112.37
111.28
110.18
109.07
107.97
106.86
105.74
104.63
103.51
102.39
101.27
100.15
99.02
97.90
96.77
95.64
94.51
93.38
92.25
91.12
89.99
88.86
87.73
86.60
85.47
84.34
83.21
82.08
80.96
79.83
78.71
77.59
76.47
75.35
74.24
73.13
72.02
70.91
69.81
68.71
67.61
66.52
65.43
64.34
63.26
62.18
61.11
60.04
58.97
57.91
56.86
55.81
54.77
53.73
52.70
51.67
50.65
49.64
48.63
47.63
46.63
45.65
44.67
43.69
42.73
41.77
40.82
39.87
38.94
38.01
37.09
36.18
35.28
34.38
33.50
32.62
31.76
30.90
30.05
29.21
28.38
27.56
26.75
25.95
25.17
24.39
23.62
22.86
22.11
21.37
20.65
19.93
19.23
18.53
17.85
17.18
16.52
15.88
15.24
14.62
14.00
13.41
12.82
12.24
11.68
11.13
10.59
10.06
9.55
9.05
8.56
8.09
7.62
7.18
6.74
6.32
5.91
5.51
5.13
4.76
4.40
4.06
3.73
3.41
3.11
2.82
2.55
2.29
2.04
1.81
1.59
1.39
1.20
1.02
0.86
0.71
0.57
0.45
0.35
0.25
0.18
0.11
0.06
0.03
0.01
0.00
0.01
0.03
0.06
0.11
0.18
0.26
0.35
0.46
0.58
0.71
0.86
1.02
1.20
1.39
1.60
1.82
2.05
2.30
2.56
2.83
3.12
3.42
3.74
4.07
4.41
4.76
5.13
5.52
5.91
6.32
6.75
7.18
7.63
8.10
8.57
9.06
9.56
10.07
10.60
11.14
11.69
12.25
12.83
13.42
14.02
14.63
15.25
15.89
16.54
17.20
17.87
18.55
19.24
19.95
20.66
21.39
22.13
22.87
23.63
24.40
25.18
25.97
26.77
27.58
28.40
29.23
30.07
30.92
31.77
32.64
33.52
34.40
35.30
36.20
37.11
38.03
38.96
39.89
40.84
41.79
42.74
43.71
44.68
45.67
46.65
47.65
48.65
49.66
50.67
51.69
52.72
53.75
54.79
55.83
56.88
57.93
58.99
60.06
61.13
62.20
63.28
64.36
65.45
66.54
67.63
68.73
69.83
70.93
72.04
73.15
74.26
75.38
76.49
77.61
78.73
79.86
80.98
82.11
83.23
84.36
85.49
86.62
87.75
88.88
90.01
91.14
92.28
93.41
94.54
95.66
96.79
97.92
99.05
100.17
101.29
102.41
103.53
104.65
105.77
106.88
107.99
109.09
110.20
111.30
112.40
113.49
114.58
115.66
116.75
117.82
118.90
119.97
121.03
122.09
123.14
124.19
125.24
126.27
127.31
128.33
129.35
130.37
131.37
132.38
133.37
134.36
135.34
136.31
137.28
138.24
139.19
140.13
141.07
141.99
142.91
143.82
144.73
145.62
146.50
147.38
148.25
149.10
149.95
150.79
151.62
152.44
153.25
154.05
154.84
155.62
156.39
157.14
157.89
158.63
159.36
160.07
160.77
161.47
162.15
162.82
163.48
164.13
164.76
165.39
166.00
166.60
167.19
167.76
168.32
168.87
169.41
169.94
170.45
170.95
171.44
171.92
172.38
172.83
173.26
173.69
174.09
174.49
174.87
175.24
175.60
175.94
176.27
176.59
176.89
177.18
177.45
177.71
177.96
178.19
178.41
178.61
178.80
178.98
179.14
179.29
179.43
179.55
179.65
179.75
179.82
179.89
179.94
179.97
179.99
180.00
179.99
179.97
179.94
179.89
179.82
179.74
179.65
179.54
179.42
179.29
179.14
178.98
178.80
178.61
178.40
178.18
177.95
177.70
177.44
177.17
176.88
176.58
176.26
175.93
175.59
175.23
174.86
174.48
174.08
173.67
173.25
172.81
172.37
171.90
171.43
170.94
170.44
169.93
169.40
168.86
168.31
167.75
167.17
166.58
165.98
165.37
164.75
164.11
163.46
162.80
162.13
161.45
160.76
160.05
159.34
158.61
157.87
157.13
156.37
155.60
154.82
154.03
153.23
152.42
151.60
150.77
149.93
149.08
148.23
147.36
146.48
145.60
144.70
143.80
142.89
141.97
141.04
140.11
139.17
138.21
137.26
136.29
135.32
134.34
133.35
132.35
131.35
130.34
129.33
128.31
127.28
126.25
125.21
124.17
123.12
122.07
121.01
119.94
118.87
117.80
116.72
115.64
114.56
113.47
112.37
111.27
110.17
109.07
107.96
106.85
105.74
104.63
103.51
102.39
101.27
100.15
99.02
97.90
96.77
95.64
94.51
93.38
92.25
91.12
89.99
88.86
87.73
86.60
85.47
84.34
83.21
82.08
80.96
79.83
78.71
77.59
76.47
75.35
74.24
73.13
72.02
70.91
69.81
68.71
67.61
66.52
65.43
64.34
63.26
62.18
61.11
60.04
58.98
57.92
56.86
55.81
54.77
53.73
52.70
51.67
50.65
49.64
48.63
47.63
46.64
45.65
44.67
43.70
42.73
41.77
40.82
39.88
38.94
38.01
37.09
36.18
35.28
34.39
33.50
32.63
31.76
30.90
30.06
29.22
28.39
27.57
26.76
25.96
25.17
24.39
23.62
22.86
22.11
21.38
20.65
19.94
19.23
18.54
17.86
17.19
16.53
15.88
15.24
14.62
14.01
13.41
12.82
12.25
11.68
11.13
10.59
10.07
9.55
9.05
8.56
8.09
7.63
7.18
6.74
6.32
5.91
5.51
5.13
4.76
4.40
4.06
3.73
3.42
3.12
2.83
2.55
2.29
2.05
1.81
1.59
1.39
1.20
1.02
0.86
0.71
0.57
0.45
0.35
0.26
0.18
0.11
0.06
0.03
0.01
0.00
0.01
0.03
0.06
0.11
0.18
0.26
0.35
0.45
0.57
0.71
0.86
1.02
1.20
1.39
1.59
1.81
2.05
2.29
2.55
2.83
3.12
3.42
3.73
4.06
4.40
4.76
5.13
5.51
5.91
6.32
6.74
7.18
7.63
8.09
8.56
9.05
9.55
10.07
10.59
11.13
11.68
12.25
12.82
13.41
14.01
14.62
15.24
15.88
16.53
17.19
17.86
18.54
19.23
19.94
20.65
21.38
22.12
22.86
23.62
24.39
25.17
25.96
26.76
27.57
28.39
29.22
30.06
30.90
31.76
32.63
33.50
34.39
35.28
36.18
37.10
38.01
38.94
39.88
40.82
41.77
42.73
43.70
44.67
45.65
46.64
47.63
48.63
49.64
50.65
51.67
52.70
53.73
54.77
55.81
56.86
57.92
58.98
60.04
61.11
62.18
63.26
64.34
65.43
66.52
67.61
68.71
69.81
70.91
72.02
73.13
74.24
75.36
76.47
77.59
78.71
79.84
80.96
82.09
83.21
84.34
85.47
86.60
87.73
88.86
89.99
91.12
92.25
93.38
94.51
95.64
96.77
97.90
99.02
100.15
101.27
102.39
103.51
104.63
105.74
106.86
107.96
109.07
110.18
111.28
112.37
113.47
114.56
115.64
116.72
117.80
118.88
119.94
121.01
122.07
123.12
124.17
125.21
126.25
127.28
128.31
129.33
130.35
131.35
132.35
133.35
134.34
135.32
136.29
137.26
138.22
139.17
140.11
141.04
141.97
142.89
143.80
144.70
145.60
146.48
147.36
148.23
149.08
149.93
150.77
151.60
152.42
153.23
154.03
154.82
155.60
156.37
157.13
157.87
158.61
159.34
160.05
160.76
161.45
162.13
162.80
163.46
164.11
164.75
165.37
165.98
166.58
167.17
167.75
168.31
168.86
169.40
169.93
170.44
170.94
171.43
171.90
172.37
172.82
173.25
173.67
174.08
174.48
174.86
175.23
175.59
175.93
176.26
176.58
176.88
177.17
177.44
177.70
177.95
178.18
178.40
178.61
178.80
178.98
179.14
179.29
179.42
179.54
179.65
179.74
179.82
179.89
179.94
179.97
179.99
180.00
179.99
179.97
179.94
179.89
179.82
179.75
179.65
179.55
179.43
179.29
179.14
178.98
178.80
178.61
178.41
178.19
177.96
177.71
177.45
177.18
176.89
176.59
176.27
175.94
175.60
175.24
174.88
174.49
174.10
173.69
173.26
172.83
172.38
171.92
171.44
170.95
170.45
169.94
169.42
168.88
168.33
167.76
167.19
166.60
166.00
165.39
164.76
164.13
163.48
162.82
162.15
161.47
160.78
160.07
159.36
158.63
157.90
157.15
156.39
155.62
154.84
154.05
153.25
152.44
151.62
150.80
149.96
149.11
148.25
147.38
146.51
145.62
144.73
143.83
142.92
142.00
141.07
140.14
139.19
138.24
137.28
136.32
135.35
134.36
133.38
132.38
131.38
130.37
129.36
128.34
127.31
126.28
125.24
124.20
123.15
122.10
121.04
119.98
118.91
117.83
116.76
115.67
114.59
113.50
112.41
111.31
110.21
109.10
108.00
106.89
105.78
104.66
103.54
102.43
101.30
100.18
99.06
97.93
96.80
95.68
94.55
93.42
92.29
91.16
90.03
88.89
87.76
86.63
85.50
84.37
83.25
82.12
80.99
79.87
78.75
77.62
76.51
75.39
74.27
73.16
72.05
70.95
69.84
68.74
67.64
66.55
65.46
64.37
63.29
62.21
61.14
60.07
59.01
57.95
56.89
55.85
54.80
53.76
52.73
51.70
50.68
49.67
48.66
47.66
46.67
45.68
44.70
43.72
42.76
41.80
40.85
39.90
38.97
38.04
37.12
36.21
35.31
34.42
33.53
32.65
31.79
30.93
30.08
29.24
28.41
27.59
26.78
25.98
25.19
24.41
23.64
22.89
22.14
21.40
20.67
19.96
19.25
18.56
17.88
17.21
16.55
15.90
15.26
14.64
14.03
13.43
12.84
12.26
11.70
11.15
10.61
10.08
9.57
9.07
8.58
8.10
7.64
7.19
6.76
6.33
5.92
5.52
5.14
4.77
4.41
4.07
3.74
3.43
3.12
2.84
2.56
2.30
2.05
1.82
1.60
1.39
1.20
1.03
0.86
0.71
0.58
0.46
0.35
0.26
0.18
0.12
0.07
0.03
0.01
0.00
0.01
0.03
0.06
0.11
0.18
0.25
0.34
0.45
0.57
0.71
0.85
1.02
1.19
1.38
1.59
1.81
2.04
2.28
2.54
2.82
3.11
3.41
3.72
4.05
4.39
4.75
5.12
5.50
5.90
6.31
6.73
7.17
7.61
8.08
8.55
9.04
9.54
10.05
10.58
11.11
11.67
12.23
12.80
13.39
13.99
14.60
15.23
15.86
16.51
17.17
17.84
18.52
19.21
19.91
20.63
21.36
22.09
22.84
23.60
24.37
25.15
25.94
26.73
27.54
28.36
29.19
30.03
30.88
31.74
32.60
33.48
34.36
35.26
36.16
37.07
37.99
38.91
39.85
40.79
41.74
42.70
43.67
44.64
45.62
46.61
47.60
48.60
49.61
50.62
51.64
52.67
53.70
54.74
55.78
56.83
57.89
58.94
60.01
61.08
62.15
63.23
64.31
65.40
66.48
67.58
68.68
69.78
70.88
71.99
73.10
74.21
75.32
76.44
77.56
78.68
79.80
80.93
82.05
83.18
84.31
85.44
86.57
87.70
88.83
89.96
91.09
92.22
93.35
94.48
95.61
96.74
97.86
98.99
100.11
101.24
102.36
103.48
104.59
105.71
106.82
107.93
109.04
110.14
111.24
112.34
113.43
114.52
115.61
116.69
117.77
118.84
119.91
120.98
122.04
123.09
124.14
125.18
126.22
127.25
128.28
129.30
130.31
131.32
132.32
133.32
134.31
135.29
136.26
137.23
138.19
139.14
140.08
141.02
141.94
142.86
143.77
144.68
145.57
146.46
147.33
148.20
149.06
149.91
150.75
151.58
152.40
153.21
154.01
154.80
155.58
156.34
157.10
157.85
158.59
159.32
160.03
160.74
161.43
162.11
162.78
163.44
164.09
164.73
165.35
165.96
166.56
167.15
167.73
168.29
168.84
169.38
169.91
170.42
170.93
171.41
171.89
172.35
172.80
173.24
173.66
174.07
174.47
174.85
175.22
175.58
175.92
176.25
176.57
176.87
177.16
177.44
177.70
177.94
178.18
178.40
178.60
178.79
178.97
179.13
179.28
179.42
179.54
179.65
179.74
179.82
179.88
179.93
179.97
179.99
180.00
179.99
179.97
179.94
179.89
179.83
179.75
179.66
179.55
179.43
179.30
179.15
178.99
178.81
178.62
178.42
178.20
177.97
177.72
177.46
177.19
176.90
176.60
176.28
175.95
175.61
175.26
174.89
174.50
174.11
173.70
173.28
172.84
172.39
171.93
171.46
170.97
170.47
169.96
169.43
168.89
168.34
167.78
167.20
166.62
166.02
165.41
164.78
164.15
163.50
162.84
162.17
161.49
160.80
160.10
159.38
158.66
157.92
157.17
156.41
155.64
154.87
154.08
153.28
152.47
151.65
150.82
149.98
149.13
148.28
147.41
146.54
145.65
144.76
143.86
142.95
142.03
141.10
140.17
139.22
138.27
137.31
136.35
135.37
134.39
133.41
132.41
131.41
130.41
129.39
128.37
127.35
126.31
125.28
124.23
123.18
122.13
121.07
120.01
118.94
117.87
116.79
115.71
114.62
113.53
112.44
111.34
110.24
109.14
108.03
106.92
105.81
104.69
103.58
102.46
101.34
100.22
99.09
97.97
96.84
95.71
94.58
93.45
92.32
91.19
90.06
88.93
87.80
86.67
85.54
84.41
83.28
82.15
81.03
79.90
78.78
77.66
76.54
75.42
74.31
73.19
72.09
70.98
69.87
68.77
67.68
66.58
65.49
64.41
63.32
62.25
61.17
60.10
59.04
57.98
56.93
55.88
54.83
53.79
52.76
51.74
50.72
49.70
48.69
47.69
46.70
45.71
44.73
43.75
42.79
41.83
40.88
39.93
39.00
38.07
37.15
36.24
35.34
34.44
33.56
32.68
31.81
30.95
30.11
29.27
28.44
27.62
26.81
26.01
25.22
24.44
23.67
22.91
22.16
21.42
20.69
19.98
19.27
18.58
17.90
17.23
16.57
15.92
15.28
14.66
14.05
13.44
12.86
12.28
11.72
11.16
10.62
10.10
9.58
9.08
8.59
8.12
7.65
7.20
6.77
6.34
5.93
5.54
5.15
4.78
4.43
4.08
3.75
3.44
3.13
2.84
2.57
2.31
2.06
1.83
1.61
1.40
1.21
1.03
0.87
0.72
0.58
0.46
0.35
0.26
0.18
0.12
0.07
0.03
0.01
0.00
位置曲线图像
速度曲线图像
5、使用COS函数生成数据给舵机运行
代码
#include <Servo.h>
Servo myservo;
float pos = 0.0; // 初始角度
float fSinAmp_A=180.0f; //幅值
float fSin_T_A=10.0f; //周期----10秒
float fPhase_A=0.0f; //相位角--不用
float fT_Delta_A=0.0f; //周期变化量
float pi = 3.1415926f;
float sum_x_A=0.0f; //x坐标值
void setup()
{
Serial.begin(9600); //开启串口,波特率9600
//
myservo.attach(2); // 舵机信号线接数字引脚9
myservo.writeMicroseconds(angleToMicroseconds(pos)); // 初始位置
delay(1000); // 等待舵机到位
}
void loop()
{
fPhase_A=180*pi/180; //第一个180度,相位角右移180度
//生成SIN周期数据
fT_Delta_A = (0.01f * pi * 2) / (fSin_T_A ); //每个程序周期x轴变化量, 0.01是10毫秒定时器周期
//float yTemp_A = fSinAmp_A * sin(sum_x_A + fPhase_A); //SIN函数计算当前周期,俯仰A的值
float yTemp_A = (fSinAmp_A/2) * cos(sum_x_A + fPhase_A)+(fSinAmp_A/2); //COS函数计算当前周期,俯仰A的值
sum_x_A = sum_x_A + fT_Delta_A;
//舵机运行
pos=abs(yTemp_A);
myservo.writeMicroseconds(angleToMicroseconds(pos));
//串口打印输出
Serial.println(pos);
//10毫秒延时,程序周期时间
delay(10);
}
// 角度转微秒函数(支持浮点数)
float angleToMicroseconds(float angle)
{
const float minUs = 500.0; // 舵机最小脉冲宽度(0度)
const float maxUs = 2500.0; // 舵机最大脉冲宽度(180度)
const float usPerDegree = (maxUs - minUs) / 180.0; // 每度微秒数
// 计算脉冲宽度并约束在范围内
float microseconds = minUs + (angle * usPerDegree);
if (microseconds < minUs) microseconds = minUs;
if (microseconds > maxUs) microseconds = maxUs;
return microseconds;
}
位置数据
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.06
0.09
0.11
0.14
0.18
0.21
0.26
0.30
0.35
0.40
0.45
0.51
0.57
0.64
0.71
0.78
0.86
0.94
1.02
1.11
1.20
1.29
1.39
1.49
1.59
1.70
1.81
1.93
2.05
2.17
2.29
2.42
2.55
2.69
2.83
2.97
3.12
3.26
3.42
3.57
3.73
3.90
4.06
4.23
4.40
4.58
4.76
4.94
5.13
5.32
5.51
5.71
5.91
6.11
6.32
6.53
6.74
6.96
7.18
7.40
7.63
7.86
8.09
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116.20
115.66
115.12
114.57
114.03
113.48
112.94
112.39
111.84
111.29
110.74
110.19
109.64
109.09
108.53
107.98
107.43
106.87
106.32
105.76
105.20
104.64
104.09
103.53
102.97
102.41
101.85
101.29
100.73
100.16
99.60
99.04
98.48
97.91
97.35
96.79
96.22
95.66
95.09
94.53
93.97
93.40
92.84
92.27
91.70
91.14
90.57
90.01
89.44
88.88
88.31
87.75
87.18
86.62
86.05
85.49
84.92
84.36
83.79
83.23
82.67
82.10
81.54
80.98
80.41
79.85
79.29
78.73
78.17
77.61
77.05
76.49
75.93
75.37
74.81
74.26
73.70
73.14
72.59
72.04
71.48
70.93
70.38
69.82
69.27
68.72
68.18
67.63
67.08
66.53
65.99
65.44
64.90
64.36
63.82
63.28
62.74
62.20
61.66
61.12
60.59
60.06
59.52
58.99
58.46
57.93
57.40
56.88
56.35
55.83
55.31
54.79
54.27
53.75
53.23
52.72
52.20
51.69
51.18
50.67
50.16
49.66
49.15
48.65
48.15
47.65
47.15
46.65
46.16
45.66
45.17
44.68
44.20
43.71
43.23
42.74
42.26
41.79
41.31
40.83
40.36
39.89
39.42
38.96
38.49
38.03
37.57
37.11
36.65
36.20
35.75
35.30
34.85
34.40
33.96
33.52
33.08
32.64
32.21
31.77
31.34
30.92
30.49
30.07
29.65
29.23
28.81
28.40
27.99
27.58
27.17
26.77
26.37
25.97
25.57
25.18
24.79
24.40
24.02
23.63
23.25
22.87
22.50
22.13
21.76
21.39
21.02
20.66
20.30
19.95
19.59
19.24
18.89
18.55
18.21
17.87
17.53
17.20
16.87
16.54
16.21
15.89
15.57
15.25
14.94
14.63
14.32
14.02
13.72
13.42
13.12
12.83
12.54
12.25
11.97
11.69
11.41
11.14
10.87
10.60
10.34
10.07
9.82
9.56
9.31
9.06
8.81
8.57
8.33
8.10
7.86
7.63
7.41
7.18
6.97
6.75
6.54
6.33
6.12
5.92
5.72
5.52
5.33
5.14
4.95
4.77
4.59
4.41
4.24
4.07
3.90
3.74
3.58
3.42
3.27
3.12
2.97
2.83
2.69
2.56
2.42
2.30
2.17
2.05
1.93
1.82
1.70
1.60
1.49
1.39
1.29
1.20
1.11
1.02
0.94
0.86
0.78
0.71
0.64
0.58
0.51
0.46
0.40
0.35
0.30
0.26
0.22
0.18
0.14
0.11
0.09
0.06
0.04
0.03
0.02
0.01
0.00
0.00
位置曲线图像
速度曲线图像