2023 年 12 月大学英语四级考试真题（第 2 套）——解析版

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2023 年 12 月大学英语四级考试真题（第 2 套）

Part I Writing ( 30 minutes)

Directions: Suppose the university newspaper is inviting submissions from the students for its coming edition on the recent developments in their hometown. You are now to write an essay for submission. You will have 30 minutes to write the essay. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
假设校报正在邀请学生为其即将出版的关于他们家乡的最新发展的版本投稿。你现在要写一篇论文提交。你有30分钟的时间来写这篇文章。你应该写至少120字，但不超过180字。

审题

作文假设校报正在为其新一期以家乡近来发展为主题的内容向学生们征稿。考生需要写一篇字数符合要求的短文进行投稿，内容须紧扣征稿主题，描绘出家乡的近来变化。写作过程中还要注意引用的例子要生动，使用的句式丰富，让文章内容立体、饱满。

范文

  In the heart of China lies my beloved hometown, Beijing.Over the years, I have witnessed its incredible transformation.
  For one thing,the environmental governance in Beijing has been tremendously successful, bringing a bluer sky. This improvement in air quality is not just a blessing for the residents but also a testament to the city’s commitment to environmental sustainability. For another,the strides in infrastructure development are nothing short of spectacular. The Daxing International Airport is hailed as one of the New Seven Wonders of the world and its construction epitomizes Beijing’s infrastructural achievements. Additionally,the implementation of dedicated Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) lanes have further streamlined transportation, making commuting more efficient and environmentally friendly. Most notably, Beijing has become the first city in the world to have hosted both the Summer and Winter Olympics, showcasing its charm as an international metropolis.
  In conclusion, the recent developments in Beijing are a reflection of its relentless pursuit of progress.These advancements not only enhance the quality of life for its residents but also position Beijing as a city of the future.

  我深爱的家乡北京位于中国的心脏地带。这些年来，我见证了它不可思议的转变。
  一方面，北京在环境治理方面取得了巨大的成功，带来了更加湛蓝的天空。空气质量的改善不仅使居民受益，也证明了北京对环境可持续发展的承诺。另一方面，基础设施建设的进展令人瞩目。大兴国际机场被誉为世界新七大奇迹之一，其建成代表了北京在基础设施方面的成就。此外，专用的快速公交(BRT)车道的实施进一步简化了交通，使通勤更加高效和环保。最值得注意的是，北京已成为世界上首个既举办过夏季奥运会又举办过冬季奥运会的城市，展示了其作为国际大都市的魅力。
  总之，北京的最新发展反映了其对进步的不懈追求。这些进步不仅提高了其居民的生活品质，还将北京定位为一座未来之城。

点评

1. 点出北京是自己深爱的家乡。
2. 点出主题：北京发生了巨大转变。
3. 分点叙述，从环境治理、基础设施建设和文化领域反映北京近年来的几个重大变化。
4. 文末总结，指出北京近期的变化体现了其对进步的不懈追求。
5. 进一步升华，指出这座城市的进步不仅提高了居民的生活质量，还将其自身定位为一座未来之城。

词汇

transformation 转变
blessing 好事；有益之事
testament 证明
stride 发展；进步
spectacular 壮观的；令人惊叹的
Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) 快速公交
notably 明显地；特别是；尤其
be hailed as 被誉为
relentless 坚持不懈的
wonder 奇迹
epitomize 成为……的典范

句型

1. This improvement in… is not just a blessing for… but also…
   句型意为“……方面的改善不仅使……受益而且……”，其中not just…but also…表示“不仅……而且……”连接了两个并列的成分。这种并列结构使句式更加丰富且在内容上具有说服力。
2. For one thing… For another…
   句型意为“一方面……另一方面…”，使用这种结构来列举不同方面的变化，可以使文章结构清晰，是分层次分析的常用句型。

Part II Listening Comprehension ( 25 minutes)

Section A

Directions: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end ofeach news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.

在这个部分，你将听到三篇新闻报道。在每篇新闻报道的最后，你会听到两三个问题。新闻报道和提问都只讲一次。当你听到一个问题后，你必须从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，然后在答题卡1上对应的字母中间划一条横线。

Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.

【听力原文】

  A police officer in the U.S.stopped a large SUV car that was going very slowly and drifting across lanes on a highway.[1] He expected to find a driver who was either very drunk or having a medical emergency.Instead,the officer discovered a five-year-old boy sat on the edge of the driver’s seat.His feet could barely reach the brake,and his head was only just high enough to see out of the windows.The child had taken the keys to the family car while his teenage sister was napping.He then drove three kilometers across town before gtting on the highway.[2] The boy later told confused officers that he was planning to travel to California and buy a Lamborghini sports car.Although he onls had three dollars in his wallet,at least he was driving in the right direction.

2023-12-01-01.—开头第二句—原词复现一个“driver”

1. A. He noticed the driver was too young to drive.
   B. He found there was no one sitting at the wheel.
   C. He thought something must be wrong with the driver.
   D. He saw the driver changing lanes much too frequently.

1.Why did the police officer stop the SUV car?
警察为什么拦下了那辆SUV?
A.  他注意到司机太年轻，不能开车。          
B.  他发现方向盘上没有人。 
C.  他认为司机一定出了问题。                 
D.  他看到司机频繁地变换车道。

新闻开头提到，警官拦下了一辆大型SUV，这辆汽车行驶速度非常慢，而且在公路上横穿车道。他本以为会发现司机要么喝得酩酊大醉，要么需要急救，故C项为正确答案。其余三个选项在新闻中均未提及，可排除。

2023-12-01-02.—结尾第二句—原词复现全部，但中间被隔开

2. A. Buy a sports car.
   B. Drive across town.
   C. Leave California
   D. Visit his sister.

2.What did the boy tell the police officers he was planning to do? 
那个男孩告诉警察们他打算做什么?
A.买一辆跑车。                            
B.开车穿过小镇。
C.离开加利福尼亚。
D.去看望他的姐姐。          

新闻末尾提到，男孩告诉困惑的警官，他打算去加利福尼亚买一辆兰博基尼跑车，故A项为正确答案。

新闻提及小男孩开车穿行小镇三公里后上了公路，但开车穿过小镇不是他的目的，故排除B；

C 项与新闻内容正好相反，男孩私自开车是要去加利福尼亚，而非离开加利福尼亚，故排除C；

新闻提及他趁十几岁的姐姐打瞌睡时拿走了车钥匙，他并非要去看望姐姐，故排除D。

Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.

【听力原文】

  Mobile phones have changed the way we live,how we read,work,communicate,and shop.But we already know this.[3] What we have not yet understood is the way the tiny machines in front of us are changing our skeletons,possibly altering not just the way we behave but even the very shape of our bodies.
  New scientific research at the University of the Sunshine Coast in Queensland,Australia,suggests that young people are developing extra pieces of bone at the backs of their heads.These pieces of bone are caused by the way people bend their heads when they use the phone.This shifts weight onto the muscles at the back of the head and causes the bone to grow in a way that is not normal.[4]This process can be compared to the way the skin hardens in response to constant rubbing or pressure .The result is a piece of bone like a hom that ticks out fom the head by the neck.

2023-12-01-03.—开头第二句—难—同义替换—“changing our skeletons”替换为“alter human skeletons”，听到一个关键词skeleton就要选了

3. A. How they change the way we shop.
   B. How they alter human skeletons.
   C. How they cause increased headaches.
   D. How they affect our communication.

3.What does the report say we have not yet understood about mobile phones?
报道称，我们还不了解关于手机的什么事情?
A.  它们如何改变我们的购物方式。              
B.  它们如何改变人类的骨骼。
C.  它们如何导致头痛加剧。
D.  它们如何影响我们的交流。   

新闻开头提到，手机改变了人类的很多方面，但是我们尚不了解的是，眼前的这些小机器是如何改变我们的骨骼的，故B项为正确答案。新闻中提到，手机改变了我们阅读、工作、交流和购物的方式，这些都是我们已知的，故A 、D两项错误。C 项在新闻中未提及，可排除。

2023-12-01-04.—听到一个关键词harden就要选了

4. A. It loosens.
   B. It brightens.
   C. It hardens.
   D. It softens.

4.What happens to the skin when rubbed or pressed constantly? 
皮肤在经过持续摩擦或压力下会发生什么?
A.  它会变松。                                
B.  它会变明亮。
C.  它会变硬。
D.  它会变软。   

新闻末尾提到，人们长期使用手机时低头的方式会导致后脑勺长出额外的骨头块儿，这一过程可以比作皮肤在持续摩擦或压力下变硬的过程。由此可知，皮肤在持续摩擦或压力下会变硬，故C项为正确答案。其余三项新闻中均未提及，可排除。

Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.

【听力原文】

  [5] A village is going to throw a birthday party for an orange cat named Wilbur,who has become famous for making a regular appearance at local shops.
  Wilbur has his own Internet pages as he approaches his 10th birthday on July,7.Wilbur is both bold and friendly. [6] He spends most of his time in shops and businesses around the village.He’ll just take himself into any shop,anywhere .There was one time when the doctor’s receptionist came back and he was siting on her chair.Among his favorite haunts are a local hairdresser,two pubs,and the Nottingham Primary School.
  Lesley Harper,who runs one of the pubs,said the cat has been a big hit with their customers."He’s been a regular visitor for most of this year,"she told the Press Association."He’s a very relaxed cat,happy for customers and villagers young and old to come in and say hello.”[7] She also said he is a cat of expensive tastes who likes his high priced cat food.
  Sarah Godfrey,who is organizing Wilbur’s party,told the local newspaper,“Wilbur is part of our lives,as he is for everyone who lives in the village.”

2023-12-01-05.—开头第一句—原词复现两个“birthday party”

5. A. Create Internet pages for him.
   B. Ask a local pet shop to adopt him.
   C. Name an orange tree after him.
   D. Hold a birthday party for him.

5.What does the report say the village is going to do for the cat Wilbur?
报道中说，村里要为名叫威尔伯的猫做什么?
A. 为他创建网页。                            
B. 请当地一家宠物店收养他。    
C. 用他的名字命名一棵橘子树。              
D. 为他举办生日派对 。

新闻开头提到，一个村庄要为一只名叫威尔伯的橘猫举办生日派对，故D项为正确答案。

新闻中只提到这只猫有了自己的网页，但并未说这是整个村庄为他做的，故排除A项；

其余两项在新闻中均未提及，可排除。

2023-12-01-06.—开头第三句—原词复现两个“village … shop”

6. A. He is a bold and aggressive pet.
   B. He pays regular visits to village shops.
   C. He once bit a doctor’s receptionist.
   D. He likes to sit on the hairdresser’s chair.

6.What do we learn from the report about the cat?
关于这只猫，我们从报道中可以了解什么?
A.  他是一只大胆而好斗的宠物。
B.  他经常光顾村里的商店。
C.  他曾经咬过一位医生的接待员。
D.  他喜欢坐在理发师的椅子上。

新闻中提到，这只猫大部分时间都待在村周边的商店和企业里。他自己会去任何一个商店，任何地方，故 B项为正确答案。新闻中提到，这只猫既大胆又友好，而非好斗，A项错误；新闻中提到，有一次医生的接待员回来时发现这只猫坐在了她的椅子上，而并未提及这只猫是否咬过该接待员，也未提及他是否喜欢坐在理发师的椅子上，故排除C 、D两项。

2023-12-01-07.—结尾第二句—原词复现两个“cat food”

7. A. He is fond of luxury cat food.
   B. He likes to stay in villagers’ houses.
   C. He knows everybody in the village.
   D. He often seeks food around her pub.

7.What does the pub owner,Lesley Harper,say about the cat?
关于这只猫，酒吧老板莱斯利 ·哈珀说了什么?
A. 他喜欢吃奢侈的猫粮。                    
B. 他喜欢住在村民家里。
C. 他认识村里的每一个人。
D.他经常在她的酒吧附近觅食。

新闻结尾部分提到，一家酒吧的老板莱斯利 · 哈珀说这只猫口味奢侈，喜欢高价猫粮，故A项为正确答案。新闻并未提及他喜欢住在村民家中，也未提及他认识村子里的每个人，没有提到他经常在莱斯利·哈珀的酒店周围觅食，可排除其他选项。

Section B

Directions: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will bespoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.

Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

【听力原文】

M一：So,[8] where do you want to go for lunch?

W一：I don’t know.Do you have anything in mind?

M二：[9] What about the Sandwich Place on Camden Street?

W二：Hmm.…No,sorry.I don’t feel like sandwiches today.It’s a great place,but I think we go there too often.

M三：That’s true.[9] Remember that’s where we saw Brigette Clark,the famous movie star
W三：Of course.How could I ever forget?There were crowds of people around her asking for a photo with her.

M四：What about hamburgers,then?There’s that American style diner on the way to the mall.
W四：I like that place.Their chips are great,but their service takes a long time.[10]And I need to get back by 2:30 for a conference call.How about trying something new?We could try Mario’s,the new Italian restaurant on the corner.I looks all right.Have you been there?

M五：No,I haven’t,but I’ve noticed that it has great reviews on the Internet.It’s supposed to be one of the best Italian’s in town.I think Jeremy has been there and said it was amazing.I’m up for that.
W五：Cool.Have you asked Jeremy if he would like to come with us?

M六：I already have.He says he can’t.He has brought his own lunch today,so he will stay in.I think his wife made him soup.
W六：Poor Jeremy.[11]His wife is a terrible cook.He should throw that soup in the bin and join us.

2023-12-01-08.—男一第一句—原词复现两个“where … lunch”

8. A. Who to order the food.
   B. Whether to have sandwiches.
   C. When to go for their meal.
   D. Where to have their lunch.

8.What are the speakers talking about in this conversation?
在对话中，谈话者在谈论什么?
A.谁去点菜。                              
B.要不要吃三明治。
C.什么时候去吃饭。
D.去哪儿吃午饭 。

在对话开头，男士询问女士想去哪儿吃午饭，然后对话围绕着他们中午吃什么以及去哪家餐馆吃饭展开，所以答案是D项 。
B项是对话的部分内容，故排除；
A 、C 两项在对话中找不到相关信息，故均排除。

2023-12-01-09.—男二第一句—原词复现六个“the Sandwich Place on Camden Street”

9. A. In the shopping center nearby.
   B. In the expensive Italian style diner.
   C. At the sandwich place on Camden Street.
   D. At the American restaurant they frequent.

9.Where did the speakers see Brigette Clark,the famous movie star?
谈话者在哪里看到了著名影星布里奇特·克拉克?
A. 在附近的购物中心。                      
B. 在昂贵的意式餐厅里。
C. 在卡姆登街的三明治店。
D. 在他们经常光顾的美式餐厅。         

在对话中，男士询问女士要不要去卡姆登街的三明治店，女士回答说不想吃三明治，然后男士提到他们在 那里看到了著名影星布里奇特 ·克拉克，所以答案为C项。

2023-12-01-10.—女四第三句—原词复现三个“a conference call”

10. A. There is to be a conference call.
    B. She has to meet with her boss then.
    C. There will be crowds of people waiting for her.
    D. She will have a photo taken with Brigette Clark.

Why does the woman say she needs to get back by 2:30?
为什么女士说她需要在2:30之前回来?
A. 她有个电话会议。	
B. 她那时得去见老板。	
C. 会有很多人等她。
D. 她将和布里奇特·克拉克合影。

在对话中，女士评价一家美式餐厅时提到，那里的薯片很好吃，但是上菜时间太久了，她得在2:30之前回来参加一个电话会议，所以答案为A项。其他选项在对话中都没有相关信息，故均排除。

2023-12-01-11.—女六第二句—原词复现三个“his wife … cook”

11. A. She doesn’t deem homemade soup tasty.
    B. She doesn’t think his wife cooks well.
    C. She feels Jeremy would rather dine out.
    D. She has found the soup smells terrible.

11.Why does the woman say Jeremy should throw his soup in the bin? 
为什么女士说杰里米应该把他的汤扔进垃圾桶?
A. 她认为家里煮的汤不好喝。                 
B. 她觉得他妻子做饭不好吃。  
C. 她觉得杰里米更愿意外出吃饭。         
D. 她发现汤的味道很难闻。

在对话结尾部分，男士提到杰里米的妻子给杰里米煮了汤，女士接着说道，杰里米的妻子的厨艺太糟糕了，他应该把汤扔进垃圾桶，也就是说，她认为杰里米的妻子做饭不好吃，所以答案为B项 。

A 项的“家里煮的汤(homemade soup)” 是相对于外面餐厅的汤而言的，并不是特指杰里米的妻子做的汤，所以A 项错误，故排除。

C 、D 两项在对话中找不到相关信息，故均排除。

Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

【听力原文】

W一：Hi,there.How are you today?[12]Do you have a reservation with us already?

M一：Good afternoon.[12] Yes,we reserved our rooms yesterday morning on your website for three nights.The name’s Patterson.

W二：Okay.Let me have a look.Yes,we have it here.You brought the whole family with you,I see.

M二：Yes,the two kids,my wife and I,and her parents too

W三：Great.So we have a family room for you and your wife and the kids,and another double room for your parents- in-law.They are right next to each other on the ground floor,since you mentioned in your message that they have trouble with stairs.

M三：That’s wonderful.[13] My father-in-law has had terrible problems getting up and down stairs since his knee operation last April.

W四：I’m sorry to hear that.And if you need any help to find transportation for the whole family,we can definitely recommend someone for you.

M四：We were thinking of renting a car,but we will explore all the options available for sure.[14] So,yes,that would be very helpful in comparing prices.We’re also wondering what tours and day trips are available

W五：We have bunches of brochures here.[15]I would recommend getting out on a boat trip.The kids will love it and there are so many islands nearby to explore.There’s also a great night market further into town that has all kinds of food and cool little shops selling souvenirs and local jewelry and clothing made by hand.

M五：That all sounds marvelous.

W六：[12] Now,all I need is to photocopy your passports and then I can get you all checked in and show you to your rooms.

2023-12-01-12.—无原词复现

12. A. A landlady.
    B. A waitress.
    C. A receptionist.
    D. A saleswoman.

12.Who is the  man talking to in the  conversation?
对话中的男士在和谁说话?
A.  房东太太。                               
B.  女服务员。 
C.  接待员。                              
D.  女售货员。

在对话开头，女士向男士打过招呼后，询问他是否已经预订，男士回答说他们前一天早上在网站上预订了 三晚的房间，由此可以推测，女士是酒店的前台接待员，所以答案为C项。对话结尾处女士提出需要复印 男士及其家人的护照并为他们办理入住，这一信息也可佐证女士是酒店前台接待员。

2023-12-01-13.—男三第二句—原词复现五个“getting up and down stairs”

13. A. He was involved in a terrible car accident last April.
    B. He has much difficulty getting up and down stairs.
    C. He is expected to undergo a knee operation.
    D. He prefers to stay next door to the children.

13.What do we learn about the man's father-in-law from the conversation?
从对话中，我们了解到男士的岳父的什么信息?
A. 去年四月，他遭遇了一场严重的车祸。    
B. 他上下楼梯非常困难。
C. 预计他要做膝关节手术。                   
D. 他喜欢住在孩子们的隔壁。

在对话中，男士提到自己的岳父在去年四月做了膝关节手术后，上下楼梯就成了大问题，所以答案是B 项。据此信息，可以直接排除C项；对话中并未提及男士的岳父去年四月是否遭遇严重车祸，故排除A 项；对话中，女士根据男士留言提到的岳父母爬楼梯不方便的情况，为男士及其家人安排了一楼相邻的两个房间，所以并非男士的岳父喜欢住在孩子们的隔壁，故排除D 项。

2023-12-01-14.—男四第二句—原词复现两个“comparing prices”

14. A. To please his parents-in-law.
    B. To find the best trip for his kids.
    C. To satisfy his curiosity.
    D. To compare prices.

14.Why does the man say they will explore all the options available?
为什么男士说他们会探索所有的可选方案?
A. 为了取悦其岳父母。                    
B. 为了给孩子们找到最好的旅行。  
C. 为了满足他的好奇心。         
D. 为了比价。

在对话中，女士提到如果男士需要他们帮忙安排交通出行，她可以推荐，对此男士说他们本来一直考虑租车，但是肯定愿意探索所有的可选方案，因为这样有助于比价，所以答案是D 项。

2023-12-01-15.—女五第二句—原词复现四个“on a boat trip”

15. A. Visit a local art gallery.
    B. Go on a boat trip.
    C. Take some photos of the islands.
    D. Try her hand-made clothing.

15.What does the woman suggest the man and his family do close to the end of the conversation?
在对话即将结束时，女士建议男士及其家人做什么?
A. 参观一家当地的美术馆。                 
B. 乘船出游。          
C. 拍一些岛屿的照片。                  
D. 试穿她手工制作的服装。

在对话中，男士向女士咨询有哪些旅行项目和一日游项目，女士建议男士一家人乘船出游，然后解释说 孩子们会喜欢乘船游览，而且男士一家还可以去探索岛屿，逛夜市，所以答案为B项。女士介绍乘船出游 时，提到男士一家可以探索附近的很多岛屿，C 选项的“拍照片”与此信息不一致，故排除；女士还提到男士一家可以逛一个夜市，那里有出售纪念品、当地手工制作的珠宝和服装的小店，D 选项“试穿她手工制作的服装”与此信息不一致，故排除；A 选项在对话中没有相关信息，故也排除。

Section C

Directions: In this section, you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.

Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.

【听力原文】

  [16] Artificial intelligence agents play ever more influential roles in our lives.They do everything from suggesting new friends to recommending purchases.They’re even beginning to drive our cars.Another role that they are expected to take over is negotiating on our behalf in commercial transactions or legal disputes.[17] So,it’s important to know whether using an artificial intelligence agent might affect how we negotiate.Research indicates that it does.In a new study,participants were told to imagine that they were negotiating for something important to them,like a house.Next, they were told either that they would negotiate for themselves,or they would program an artificial intelligence agent to negotiate for them.Participants then completed a survey indicating how tough,deceptive and pleasant or otherwise they wanted to be,or wanted their agent to be,in the negotiations.For example,participants could choose to be tough by making an opening demand far greater than what they’d be willing to accept.They could also choose to express sympathy with their opponent to appear pleasant.But they could also indicate that they—or their agent—would strategically express anger toward the opponent to gain advantage,or they could opt to convey dissatisfaction with the encounter so that the other party would think they were losing interest.These are both examples of deceptive strategies.[18] Participants were more willing to employ deceptive strategies when assigned an agent to negotiate on their behalf.

2023-12-01-16.—开头第一句—原词复现两个“important roles”—看结尾

16. A. They are more intelligent than many of us.
    C. They have begun to affect our social behavior.
    B. They have already become our new friends.
    D. They play increasingly more important roles.

16.What does the passage say about artificial intelligence agents?
关于人工智能代理，这篇文章说了什么?
A.  它们比我们中的许多人都聪明。
B.  它们已经成为我们的新朋友了。
C.  它们已经开始影响我们的社交行为。
D.  它们发挥着越来越重要的作用。

文章开头提到，人工智能代理在我们的生活中扮演着比以往任何时候都更有影响力的角色。由此可知，人工智能代理发挥着越来越重要的作用。选项D 与文章内容一致，因此为正确答案。文章中提到，人工智能代理会为我们推荐新朋友，并不是说人工智能代理已经成为我们的新朋友了，故排除选项B。选项A 和C 文章中均未提及，故排除。

2023-12-01-17.—中间—原词复现两个“we negotiate”—看结尾

17. A. Whether it might have any effect on the way we negotiate.
    B. Whether it might actually outperform human negotiators.
    C. Whether it can facilitate business transactions.
    D. Whether it can speed up legal procedures.

17.What does the new study want to find out about using an artificial inteligence agent? 
关于使用人工智能代理，这项新研究想要发现什么?
A. 它是否可能对我们的谈判方式产生任何影响。 
B. 它是否真的可能胜过人类谈判者。  
C. 它是否能为商业交易提供便利。         
D. 它是否可以加快法律程序。

文章中提到，了解使用人工智能代理是否会影响我们的谈判方式是很重要的。接下来详细介绍了这项新研究的发现。选项A与文章内容一致，因此为正确答案。选项B、C和D文章中均未提及，故排除。

2023-12-01-18. —结尾第一句—原词复现两个“deceptive strategies”—看结尾

18. A. Choose to be tough.
    B. Sympathize with their opponent.
    C. Use deceptive strategies.
    D. Appear to be pleasant.

18. What did participants tend to do when assigned an AI agent to negotiate on their behalf? 
当参与者被指派一名人工智能代理代表他们进行谈判时，他们倾向于做什么?
A. 选择强硬。                             
B. 同情他们的对手。         
C. 使用迷惑性策略。          
D. 显得友善。

文章最后提到，当被指派代理人代表他们进行谈判时，参与者更愿意采用迷惑性策略。选项C与文章内容一致，因此为正确答案。选项A、B和D均为根据文章内容设置的干扰项，故排除。

Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.

【听力原文】

  New research has studied the effects of a seven-week healthy cooking course.Academics measured the program’s effect on cooking confidence and self-perceived mental health.Researchers also measured participants’overall satisfaction around cooking and diet-related behaviors.
  What were the findings?Course participants saw significant improvements in general health.They also reported improved mental health and subjective vitality immediately after the program.[19] These benefits remained six months after the completion of the course.
  What caused these improvements?Researchers have previously found a link between eating more fruits and vegetables,and improved longer term mental health.This would imply that the participants in the current study may have felt better due to improved diet.
  However,the study showed participants’mental health improved even if their reported diet did not change after completing the program.Also,the mental health benefits were equal among participants who were overweight or obese, and those in a healthy weight range.[20] This suggests a link between cooking confidence and satisfaction around cooking,and mental health benefits.
  [21] Who benefits most from learning to cook?Gender plays a part.At the start of the program,77 per cent of female participants were confident about cooking,but just 23 per cent of males were confident.At the end of the program,cooking confidence and skill were equal across both counterparts.This change in confidence could lead to a gender balance in home cooking.This in turn could reduce consumption of unhealthy,high-calorie processed meals.

2023-12-01-19.—第七句—原词复现四个“six month after the”—看中间

19. A. They were perceived differently by some academics.
    B. They still existed six months after the course ended.
    C. They varied greatly among the course participants.
    D. They were only measurable within seven weeks.

19.What do we learn about the benefits the participants gained from the healthy cooking course? 
关于参与者从健康烹饪课程中获得的好处，我们了解到什么?
A.  一些学者对它们的看法不同。             
B.  课程结束六个月后，它们仍然存在。  
C.  它们在课程参与者之间的差异很大。     
D.  它们只能在七周内测量出来。

文章中提到，这些好处在课程结束后六个月仍然存在。选项B与文章内容一致，因此为正确答案。文章中未提及其余三项，故排除。

2023-12-01-20.—中间—原词复现六个“link cooking confidence and satisfaction cooking”—看结尾

20. A. They can be easily seen among participants in a healthy weight range.
    B. They should be attributed to participants’ change in diet behaviors.
    C. They are linked to cooking confidence and cooking satisfaction.
    D. They actually result from eating more fruits and vegetables.

20.What do the new research findings suggest about mental health benefits?
关于心理健康的益处，新的研究结果表明了什么?
A. 在健康体重范围内的参与者身上可以很容易看到它们。
B. 它们应该归因于参与者饮食行为的变化。 
C. 它们与烹饪信心和烹饪满意度有关。      
D. 它们实际上是因为吃了更多的水果和蔬菜。  

文章中提到，在超重或肥胖的参与者和健康体重范围内的参与者中，心理健康方面的益处是相同的，这表明烹饪自信、烹饪满意度和心理健康益处之间存在联系。选项C与文章内容一致，因此为正确答案。即使参与者报告的饮食在完成该课程后没有改变，但是他们的心理健康状况也有所改善，故排除选项B。研究人员此前发现，多吃水果和蔬菜与改善长期心理健康之间存在联系，不过这是此前的研究发现，故排除选项D。选项A文章中未提及，故排除。

2023-12-01-21.—中间—原词复现一个“Gender”—看结尾

21. A. Gender.
    B. Confidence.
    C. Health.
    D. Practice.

21.What plays a role in determining who benefits most from learning to cook?
什么因素决定了谁从学习烹饪中获益最多?
A.  性别。                                 
B.  信心。   
C.  健康。                              
D.  实践。

文章中提到，谁从学习烹饪中获益最多呢?性别起了一定的作用。选项A与文章内容一致，因此为正确答案。选项B和C是根据文章中出现的cooking confidence和mentalhealth设置的干扰项，D项文章中未提及故均排除。

Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.

【听力原文】
  [22] What is personal space?We often think of it as an invisible bubble of space surrounding us that others can’t enter,without causing discomfort.Research shows,however,that we actually have bubbles of different sizes.Each of these bubbles applies to a different set of people.
  The smallest zone,called “intimate space”,extends outward from our bodies 18 inches in every direction. Only family,pets and one’s closest friends may enter it.[23]A mere acquaintance entering our intimate space makes us uncomfortable.Next is the bubble called"personal space",extending from 1.5 feet to 4 feet away.Friends and acquaintances can comfortably occupy this zone,especially during informal conversations,but strangers are forbidden. [24] Extending from 4 to 12 feet away from us is"social space".Here people feel comfortable conducting routine social interactions with new acquaintances or total strangers.
  Those are the average sizes of American’s personal bubbles,anyway.It is important to keep in mind that personal space varies depending on culture and context.Furthermore,there are significant individual differences.As we all know,cultural or individual differences in personal bubble diameters are all too often the cause of discomfort.How did these personal bubbles arise?According to research,we begin to develop our individual sense of personal space around age 3 or 4.[25] The sizes of our bubbles are fixed by our teens.These bubbles are constructed and monitored by the brain region involved in fear.

2023-12-01-22.—开头第三句—原词复现一个“size”—看结尾

22. A. It keeps others away.
    B. It causes discomfort.
    C. It remains visible.
    D. It varies in size.

22.What does research show about our personal space?
关于我们的个人空间，研究表明了什么?
A.  它让其他人远离。                       
B.  它会引起不适。
C.  它仍然可见。                         
D.  它的大小各不相同。

文章开头提到，我们通常认为个人空间是我们周围的一个无形的空间泡泡，其他人无法进入，也不会引起不适，然而，研究表明，我们实际上有不同大小的泡泡。选项D与文章内容一致，因此为正确答案。

2023-12-01-23.—中间—原词复现三个“make us uncomfortable”—看结尾

23. A. It makes us feel uncomfortable.
    B. It renders the acquaintance a stranger.
    C. It brings the acquaintance closer to us.
    D. It causes the bubble around us to vanish.

23.What happens if a mere acquaintance enters our intimate space?
如果仅仅是相识之人进入我们的亲密空间，会发生什么?
A. 这让我们感到不舒服。
B. 它使相识之人变成了陌生人。
C. 它拉近了熟人与我们的距离。
D. 它导致我们周围的泡泡消失。

文章中提到，最小的区域，被称为“亲密空间”，从我们的身体向外各个方向延伸18英寸。只有家人、宠物和最亲密的朋友才能进入。仅仅是相识之人进入我们的亲密空间会让我们感到不舒服。选项A与文章内容一致，因此为正确答案。

2023-12-01-24.—中间—原词复现两个“social space”

24. A. In personal space.
    B. In social space.
    C. Within a distance of 18 inches.
    D. Over 2 feet away from one another.

24.Where do people feel comfortable interacting with new acquaintances or strangers? 
人们在哪里与新认识的人或陌生人互动会感到舒适?
A.  在个人空间。                           
B.  在社交空间。  
C.  在18英寸的距离内。                         
D.  彼此相距超过2英尺。

文章中提到，4到12英尺的距离是“社交空间”，在这里，人们与新认识的人或完全陌生的人进行日常社交活动，会感到自在。选项B 与文章内容一致，因此为正确答案。

2023-12-01-25.—结尾第二句—原词复现两个“our teens”—看结尾

25. A. When we begin to feel fear.
    B. When we develop a sense of space.
    C. When we are 3 or 4 years old.
    D. When we enter our teens.

25.When are the sizes of our bubbles fixed?
我们泡泡的大小是在什么时候固定下来的?
A. 当我们开始感到恐惧的时候。
B. 当我们培养出一种空间意识。
C. 当我们三四岁的时候。
D. 当我们进入青少年时期。

文章最后提到，我们泡泡的大小是在青少年时期固定的。选项D与文章内容一致，因此为正确答案。根据研究，我们在3岁或4岁左右开始发展个人空间意识，因此排除选项B和C。选项A文章中未提及，故排除。

Part III Reading Comprehension ( 40 minutes)

Section A

Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.
  A number of studies have looked at how family life can affect productivity and satisfaction in the workplace. However, there has been 26 little research on the influence of leisure activities. So Ciara Kelly and colleagues recruited 129 hobbyists to look at how the time spent on their hobbies 27 their work life.
  The researchers found that when participants spent longer than 28 on their leisure activity, their belief in their ability to perform their job was strengthened. But this was only the 29 when they had a serious hobby that was dissimilar to their job, or when their hobby was similar to their work but they only did it 30 . When their hobby was both serious and similar to their job, then spending more time on it actually decreased their work 31 .
  Why might that be? To maintain a serious hobby, people need to invest significant psychological resources, say the authors — so if the activity has the same kinds of demands as their work, they may be left 32 and unable to perform well at their job. But if their hobby is quite different from their career, it may not 33 in the same way but instead help them develop other knowledge and skills that can 34 their confidence at work. “Consider a scientist who is a keen rock climber,” says Kelly. “Since climbing is so far 35 from their day-to-day work activities, they can still recover from the demands of their job with plenty of resources.”

A. boost
B. case
C. casually
D. efficiency
E. estate
F. exhausted
G. faculty
H. interfere
I. normal
J. prevalent
K. relative
L. removed
M. scratch
N. shaped
O. surprisingly

Section B

Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one ofthe paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.

More fathers are taking paternity leave, but mothers are still doing all the work

A. Attitudes towards paternity leave (陪产假) have drastically changed in America in the last five years as more fathers feel comfortable taking extended time off, but gender bias persists when it comes to career prospects and the home, according to a new study of working parents.

B. Research by the Boston College Center for Work & Family, which surveyed new parents at four large U.S.companies who were qualified for taking at least six weeks paid parental leave, found that 81% of the 1,240 employees surveyed said the notion of fathers taking leave has become more acceptable.

C. Of those surveyed, 62% of fathers took the maximum amount of time off compared to 93% of mothers,and around three-quarters of workers said their employer was equally supportive of mothers and fathers taking parental leave and over half said leave policies had made workplace culture better.

D. The U.S. is one of only three countries in the world not to offer statutory ( 法定的) paid leave, but increasingly states and companies are starting to take up the issue. So far, eight states and the District of Columbia have their own paid family leave laws.

E. Brad Harrington, executive director of the center and lead author of the study, estimates only 20% to 30% of companies in the U.S. offer paid parental leave. He feels the research findings reflect an obvious change in corporate attitudes to new fathers taking time off.

F. “We did a study on paternity leave five years ago. Compared with those findings, these numbers were shocking to me. I did not expect 80% of people to say the organisation finds dads taking this leave acceptable and three-quarters to say it’s equally supportive of women and men taking leave,” Harrington said.

G. The previous study found that nearly three-quarters of fathers saw two to four weeks as an appropriate duration for paternity leave and 76% said they would prefer not to take all their time off at once.

H. Since then, there have been a number of legal cases against companies involving paternity leave — including cases against JPMorgan Chase and Estée Lauder — which have helped put pressure on companies to make their parental leave policies gender neutral.

I. However, the study also shows how traditional gender roles endure both at work, where more women than men reported changes in their perceived career potential, and at home — even among workers who claim to have a strong desire for equality.

J. The vast majority of men, 97%, said one of the top reasons to take leave was to share caregiving with their partner. But when they were asked about how caregiving and household tasks were divided, their answers painted a different picture. While about 75% of employees said both genders should give the same amount of care, the majority of men and nearly half of women admitted that in reality the female actually did most of it. A tiny fraction, 2%, of men said they did more of the childcare.

K. Men and women’s experiences of the return to work following parental leave were also considerably different. Of the women surveyed, 32% reported a downturn in their job satisfaction, while 14% said it increased. In comparison, 17% of men said their job satisfaction went down and 20% said it went up. Meanwhile, more women reported an increase in their responsibilities and manager expectations after childbirth. Half of the women said they used flexible work arrangements after becoming a parent, while just 27% of men did. Similar percentages of men and women said they enjoyed their careers and that it gave them a sense of achievement, while around half of women and 44% of men said it was a key part of their identity.

L. On the subject of career advancement, 59% of women and 49% of men said leave could be limiting and both genders said they feared it would have an impact on their progress long-term. But on opportunity for promotion, more than double the number of women, 30% compared with 15% of men, believed their chances to be lower after becoming a parent. Despite progress, the struggle for women to reach the highest positions ofpower is demonstrated in this year’s Fortune 500 list, which featured a record 33 female CEOs, but this still represents a tiny fraction of the total.

M. Harrington said culture change depends on companies putting more focus on men and their responsibilities.“By that I mean companies need to give men paternity leave and encourage men to take time off to be with their kids early on in the kids’ life. They also need to recognise that men have to make significant adjustments when they become parents. Companies cannot do all these things to enhance women’s advancement and then turn around and say, ‘Oh, but we don’t expect the men to take over for the women at home. ’ ”

N. In May, the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) and Outten & Golden LLP announced a historic class-action $5m settlement with JPMorgan Chase on behalf of male employees who claim they were illegally denied access to paid parental leave. Derek Rotondo, 35, filed the discrimination charge against his company after he was allegedly told by his HR department that mothers were considered primary caregivers. Thus, they were allowed to take 16 weeks of paid parental leave. Fathers, however, could take just two weeks.

O. The father of two from Columbus, Ohio, who still works at the company as an associate and investigator,said he has witnessed a “domino effect (多米诺效应)” across companies since the settlement, but that there is still substantial progress to be made towards changing attitudes towards paternity leave.

P. “I do think there’s still some way to go…there’s still going to be sort of the unstated expectation for new dads to essentially come right back to work, but I think the research is showing that’s starting to change.” He said equal parental leave is an essential component to creating gender equality in the workplace. “The old standard of women staying home, having babies and cooking doesn’t apply and hasn’t applied for a long time.”

2023-12-02.36.

36. In the absence of Federal legislation, some states in the U.S. have passed laws concerning paid family leave.
    36.题干译文：在没有联邦立法的情况下，美国的一些州已经通过了有关带薪家庭休假的法律。
    答案解析：D。由题干关键信息the absence ofFederal legislation、some states in the US和laws concerning paid family leave定位到D段。该段提到，美国是世界上仅有的三个不提供法定带薪休假的国家之一，但越来越多的州和公司正在开始关注这一问题，到目前为止，八个州和哥伦比亚特区都有自己的带薪家庭休假法。即在没有联邦立法的情况下，美国的一些州已经通过了有关带薪家庭休假的法律。由此可见，题干是对该段的同义转述，其中In the absence ofFederal legislation对应原文中的The US is one ofonly three countries in the world not to offer statutory paid leave, some states in the US对应原文中的eight states and the District ofColumbia, 而have passed laws concerning paid family leave对应原文中的have their own paid family leave laws。

2023-12-02.37.

37. Most fathers admitted that even during their paternity leave they actually did much less childcare than the mother.
    37.题干译文：大多数父亲承认，即使在陪产假期间，他们实际上照顾孩子的时间也比母亲少得多。
    答案解析：J。由题干关键信息Most fathers、during their paternity leave和did much less childcare than the mother定位到J段。该段倒数第二句提到，尽管75%的员工表示，男性和女性都应该给予(孩子)同样的看护但大多数男性和近一半的女性承认，在现实生活中，女性实际上做了大部分的看护工作。由此可知，题干是对该句内容的同义转述。其中Most fathers对应原文中的the majority ofmen，而admitted that even during their paternity leave they actually did much less childcare than the mother对应原文中的admitted that in reality the female actually did most of it.

2023-12-02.38.

38. According to one father, equal parental leave is indispensable to achieving gender equality in the workplace.
    38.题干译文：根据一位父亲的说法，平等的育儿假对于实现职场中的性别平等是必不可少的。
    答案解析：P。由题干关键信息one father、parental leave、an essential component和achieving gender equality in the workplace定位到P段。该段进一步论述了D段中那位父亲的观点，第二句提到：他说，平等的育儿假是创造职场性别平等的必要组成部分。由此可知，题干是对该句内容的同义转述。题干中的one father对应原文中的He(即前文中提到的Derek Rotondo)，而equal parental leave is indispensable to achieving gender equality in the workplace对应原文中的equal parental leave is an essential component to creating gender equality in the workplace .

2023-12-02.39.

39. One survey indicated there is now less objection to paternity leave.
    39.题干译文：一项调查显示，现在反对陪产假的人变少了。
    答案解析：B。由题干关键信息One survey和less objectionto paternityleave定位到B段。该段提到，波士顿学院工作与家庭中心对美国四家大公司中有资格休至少六周带薪育儿假的新手父母进行了调查，结果发现，在接受调查的1,240名员工中，有81%的人表示，父亲休陪产假的观念已经变得更容易接受了。换言之，现在反对陪产假的人变少了。由此可见，题干是对该句的同义转述，其中One survey indicated对应原文中的Research…found, 而there is now less objection to paternity leave对应原文中的the notion of fathers taking leave has become more acceptable.

2023-12-02.40.

40. Compared to five years ago, according to one researcher, many more people said their organisation gave the same support to men and women taking parental leave.
    40.题干译文一位研究人员表示，和五年前相比，更多的人称他们公司对休育儿假的男性和女性给予了同样的支持。
    答案解析F。由题干关键信息five years ago、one researcher和their organisation gave the same support to men and women taking parentalleave定位到F段。该段引用哈林顿的话:“我们五年前做了一项关于陪产假的研究。与那些研究结果相比，这些数字令我感到震惊。我没想到80%的人会说公司认为父亲休陪产假是可以接受的，四分之三的人认为公司对男女休假持同样的支持态度。”由此可知，题干是对原文内容的概括总结。题干中的Comparedto对应原文中的Compared with，five yearsago属于原词重现，oneresearcher对应原文中的Harrington, many more people对应原文中的80% of people,而their organisation gave the same support to men and women taking parental leave是对原文the organisation finds dads taking this leave acceptable and three
    quarters to say it’s equally supportive of women and men taking leave的概括总结。

2023-12-02.41.

41. One study finds that even workers who claim to desire gender equality stick to traditional gender roles both at work and at home.
    41.题干译文：一项研究发现，即使是那些声称渴望性别平等的员工，也还是坚持传统的性别角色，不管是在工作中还是家庭中。
    答案解析：I。由题干关键信息One study、workers who claim to desire gender equality和traditional gender roles both at work and athome定位到I段。该段承接上文提到，然而，这项研究也显示了传统的性别角色在工作
    和家庭中是如何持续存在的，这一点甚至在那些声称强烈渴望平等的员工中也是如此。由此可知，题干是对原文内容的同义转述。题干中的One study finds对应原文中的the study alsoshows,workers who claim to desire gender equality对应原文中的workers who claim to have a strong desire for equality, stick to对应原文中的endure，而 traditional gender roles both at work and at home属于原词重现。

2023-12-02.42.

42. The majority of workers surveyed said parental leave policies had improved workplace culture.
    42.题干译文：大多数接受调查的员工表示，育儿假政策改善了职场文化。
    答案解析：C。由题干关键信息The majority ofworkers、parental leave policies和workplace culture定位到C段该段提到，在接受调查的人当中……超过一半的人表示，休育儿假的政策使得职场文化得到了改善。由此可知，题干是对该段内容的同义转述。其中The majority of workers surveyed said对应原文中的Of those surveyed…ver half said, 而parental leave policies had improved workplace culture对应原文中的leave policies had made workplace culture better.

2023-12-02.43.

43. In spite ofprogress, the number of women in top positions of big companies remains extremely small.
    43.题干译文：尽管取得了进步，但是在大公司担任高层职位的女性数量仍然非常少。
    答案解析：L。由题干关键信息Inspite ofprogress、women in top positions ofbig companies和remains extremely small定位到L段。该段最后一句提到，尽管取得了进步，但在今年的《财富》500强榜单上，女性争取获得最高权力职位的努力才得以彰显，该榜单创下了33位女性首席执行官的纪录，但这仍然只占名单总人数的一小部分。由此可知，题干是对原文内容的概括总结。题干中的Inspite of progress对应原文中的Despite progress，women对应原文中的female,top positions of big companies对应原文中的the highest positions of power，而remains extremely small对应原文中的still represents a tiny fraction of the total。

2023-12-02.44.

44. According to one estimate, less than one third of companies in the U.S. provide paid parental leave.
    44.题干译文：据估计，美国只有不到三分之一的公司提供带薪育儿假。
    答案解析：E。由题干关键信息one estimate、less than one third of companies inthe US和paid parental leave定位到E段。该段首句提到，该中心的执行主任、该研究的主要作者布拉德·哈林顿估计，在美国只有20%到30%的公司提供带薪育儿假。换言之，美国只有不到三分之一的公司提供带薪育儿假。由此可知，题干是对原文内容的同义转述。其中estimate对应原文中的estimates，而less than one third of companies in the US provide paid parental leave对应原文中的only 20% to 30% of companies in the US offer paid parental leave。

2023-12-02.45.

45. A number of lawsuits have pressured companies to formulate gender neutral policies on parental leave.
    45.题干译文：一些诉讼已经迫使公司制定性别中立的育儿假政策，
    答案解析：H。由题干关键信息Anumber of lawsuits、pressured companies、gender neutral policies和parental leave定位到H段。该段提到，从那以后，出现了多起针对涉及陪产假的公司的法律案件–包括针对摩根大通和雅诗兰黛的案件–这有助于对公司施加压力，要求它们制定性别中立的陪产假政策。由此可知，题干是对原文内容的同义转述，其中Anumber of lawsuits对应原文中的anumber of legalcases，而have pressured companies to formulate gender neutral policies on parental leave对应原文中的have helped put pressure on companies to make their parental leave policies gender neutral。

Section C

Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A,B,C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

Passage One

Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.

  Having a rival can keep you committed to achieving your goals and enhance your overall performance. But before you go out and find an entrepreneur to outcompete, it’s important to understand and avoid the traps that often come with rivalry. After all, competitive rivalry can also hinder effective decision-making and increase your willingness to take risks, behaviors that can ultimately hurt your venture’s success.
  Finding someone you’re committed to outcompeting can be a great way to stay focused on your goals and push your venture to the next level. But when you’re intently focused on outperforming your rivals, you may begin to develop a “win-at-all-costs” mentality that causes you to ignore how you achieve success. One group of researchers, for example, examined the link between rivalry and unethical behavior. They found that when people compete against their rivals, they are more willing to behave unethically to win. But such behavior may stain your reputation and strain relationships important to your success. One way to avoid this trap is to stop and reflect on what’s important. While outperforming your rivals may provide short-term benefits, the loss ofyour integrity will have long-term consequences.
  One reason having a rival can enhance your venture’s performance is that it creates a level of excitement that drives you to work harder. But this eagerness to win may also hurt your venture’s success, particularly when it causes you to make impulsive, insensible decisions. But it’s possible to avoid such costly mistakes by making a habit of engaging in critical thinking, such as considering opposing viewpoints and conducting cost- benefit analyses, especially for those decisions that are complex and can determine the future ofyour venture.
  The sense of eagerness that comes with having a rival can not only cause you to make poorer decisions, but it can also lead you to take greater risks that put your venture in peril. One way you can overcome the risk-inducing effects of rivalry that stand to endanger your venture’s success is to remain attentive to your emotional state and actively monitor how such feelings are affecting your decision-making.

2023-12-02-46.—细节辨认题—难—定位难，同义替换“competitive rivalry benefit”替换为“Having a rival can keep you”

2023-12-02-46.—第一：通过“entrepreneur”定位；第二：找原词复现，选项AC；第三：找同义替换，不好找

46. How can competitive rivalry benefit entrepreneurs according to the passage?【原文：Having a rival can keep you committed to achieving your goals and enhance your overall performance. But before you go out and find an entrepreneur to outcompete, it’s important to understand and avoid the traps that often come with rivalry. 】
    A. By enabling them to outcompete other entrepreneurs. 【虽然出现原词，但是意思看起来不对，不过大概率会误选，因为不好定位准确】
    B. By enabling them to make their venture a success.
    C. By helping them to reach long-term goals.
    D. By helping them to stay goal-oriented.

46. 根据这篇文章，竞争性的较量如何使企业家受益?
A. 通过让他们能够超越其他企业家。          
B. 通过让他们的企业取得成功。
C. 通过帮助他们实现长期目标。                    
D. 通过帮助他们保持以目标为导向。

根据题干关键词competitive rivalry benefit entrepreneurs 可以将答案定位到第一段第一句。

第一段第一句指出，拥有一个竞争对手可以让你致力于实现自己的目标并提升你的整体表现。由此可知，通过帮助企业家保持以目标为导向并提升表现，竞争性的较量可以让企业家受益，故本题选D。其他三项的内容都与原文不符，均排除。

2023-12-02-47.—推理判断题—难—没有同义替换，纯看懂推理

2023-12-02-47.—第一：通过“compete against their rivals”定位；第二：找原词复现，选项BC；第三：找同义替换，选项B的“unethical”与原文的“against”词性相似

47. What is one of the traps entrepreneurs may often fall into when competing with rivals?【原文： They found that when people compete against their rivals, they are more willing to behave unethically to win. But such behavior may stain your reputation and strain relationships important to your success. 】
    A. They may adopt strategies that are bound to ruin their venture.
    B. They may resort to unethical means to outperform their rivals.
    C. They may be too eager to succeed while ignoring the huge labor cost.
    D. They may be intently focused on winning at the current market level.

47. 企业家在与竞争对手竞争时可能经常掉进什么陷阱当中?
A. 他们可能会采取必然会毁掉他们企业的策略。
B. 他们可能会诉诸不道德的手段来超越他们的竞争对手。
C. 他们可能过于渴望成功，而忽略了巨大的人力成本。
D. 他们可能非常专注于在当前的市场水平获胜。

根据题干关键词traps entrepreneurs may ofen fall into可以将答案定位到第二段。第六句说到避免掉进这个陷阱的方法，而题目问的是陷阱是什么，需要从上文去寻找。
第二段第四句指出，当与竞争对手竞争时，人们更愿意为了赢得胜利而做出不道德的行为。第五句指出这种做法的弊端，然后第六句给出了避免掉进这个陷阱的方法。由此可知，陷阱就是第四句提到的，人们为了超越竞争对手而做出一些不道德的行为，故本题选B。

选项A 过于绝对，原文只是说他们可能会做出不道德的行为，玷污企业的声誉，并没有说这必然会毁掉整个企业，故排除。

选项C 和D 的内容原文均没有提及，可以排除。

2023-12-02-48.—细节题—难—原词复现陷阱+同义替换词汇不懂—reflect on替换为deliberate仔细考虑

2023-12-02-48.—第一：通过“avoid traps”定位；第二：找原词复现，选项BC，结果不选；第三：找同义替换，不好找，选项A的“deliberate on考虑”替换“reflect on考虑”

48. What are entrepreneurs advised to do to avoid traps that often accompany rivalry?【原文：One way to avoid this trap is to stop and reflect on what’s important. While outperforming your rivals may provide short-term benefits, the loss of your integrity will have long-term consequences.】
    A. Deliberate on what really matters.
    B. Prioritize reaping immediate benefits.
    C. Estimate the long-term consequences.
    D. Reflect on what successes are achievable.

48. 作者建议企业家做什么来避免那些往往伴随竞争而来的陷阱?
A. 慎重考虑什么才是真正重要的事。          
B. 优先获取眼前的利益 。 
C. 估计长期的后果。             
D. 反思哪些成功是可以实现的。

根据题干关键词avoid traps以及上一题的定位分析可以将答案定位到第二段倒数第二句。

第二段倒数第二句指出，避免掉进这个陷阱的一个方法是停下来，反思一下什么才是重要的。由此可知，作者建议企业家慎重考虑什么才是真正重要的，故本题选A。
选项中的deliberate意为“慎重考虑，仔细思考”，与原文中的reflect on属于同义替换。其余三个选项虽然使用了原文词汇，但是表达的意思与原文均不一致，可以排除。

2023-12-02-49.—细节题—“critical thinking”替换为“critical reasoning”

2023-12-02-49.—第一：通过“insensible decisions”定位；第二：找原词复现，选项ABC；第三：找同义替换，选项A的“reasoning”替换原文的“thinking”

49. How can entrepreneurs avoid making impulsive and insensible decisions?【原文：But this eagerness to win may also hurt your venture’s success, particularly when it causes you to make impulsive, insensible decisions. But it’s possible to avoid such costly mistakes by making a habit of engaging in critical thinking, such as considering opposing viewpoints and conducting cost- benefit analyses, especially for those decisions that are complex and can determine the future of your venture.】
    A. By engaging themselves in critical reasoning.
    B. By developing a habit of keeping their integrity.
    C. By criticizing themselves for previous poor performances.
    D. By refraining from being too excited about their successes.

49. 企业家如何才能避免做出冲动和不明智的决定?
A. 通过进行批判性论证。                     
B. 养成保持正直的习惯 。
C. 批评自己以前的糟糕表现。              
D. 不要对自己的成功过于兴奋。

根据题干关键词avoid making impulsive and insensible decisions可以将答案定位到第三段第二句、第三句。

第三段第二句指出，这种对胜利的渴望也可能有损于你的企业的成功，特别是当它导致你做出了冲动、不明智的决策时。接着第三句给出了避免这种错误的方法——养成进行批判性思考的习惯，并举例说明。由此可知，企业家通过进行批判性论证，可以避免做出冲动和不明智的决定，故本题选A 。选项中的critical reasoning 与原文中的critical thinking属于同义替换。

其余三个选项原文均没有提及，可以排除。

2023-12-02-50.—remain attentive to … and actively monitor（密切关注并积极监控）替换为keep…in check（约束；控制）

2023-12-02-50.—第一：通过“risk-inducing effects of rivalry”定位；第二：找原词复现，选项ABCD；第三：找特点，选项B有多处原词复现，但是不对。选项D的同义替换看不出来

50. How can entrepreneurs overcome the risk-inducing effects of rivalry?【原文：One way you can overcome the risk-inducing effects of rivalry that stand to endanger your venture’s success is to remain attentive to your emotional state and actively monitor how such feelings are affecting your decision-making.】
    A. By paying close attention to their current performance .
    B. By taking steps that stand to endanger their rivals’ success.
    C. By monitoring how their decision-making impacts their mentality.
    D. By keeping their emotions in check to avoid making poor decisions.

50. 企业家如何克服竞争的风险诱发效应?
A. 通过密切关注他们目前的表现。            
B. 通过采取措施来危及对手的成功。       
C. 通过监控他们的决策是如何影响他们的心态的。   
D. 通过约束自己的情绪，以避免做出错误的决策。

根据题干关键词risk-inducing effects of rivalry可以将答案定位到最后一段最后一句。

最后一段最后一句指出，竞争有风险诱发效应，这会危及企业的成功，能克服这种效应的一种方法是密切 关注你的情绪状态，并积极地监控这样的情绪是如何影响你的决策的。换句话说，想要克服竞争带来的风险，就要约束自己的情绪，不要让情绪影响你做出错误的决策，故本题选D 。选项中的keep…in check意 为“约束；控制”与原文中的remain attentive to … and actively monitor（密切关注并积极监控）属于同义替换。

选项A错在密切关注的对象不正确，原文说的是密切关注自己的情绪，而不是表现，可以排除。

选项 B原文未提及，而且明显属于不道德的行为，比较容易排除。

原文是说监控情绪如何影响决策，而不是监控决策如何影响心态，故也排除选项C。

Passage Two

Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.

  A multitasker is one who can perform two or more tasks effectively at the same time, which — apart from the obvious differences — is similar to what a computer does. The concept does indeed come from the realms of technology, where it is used to refer to an operating system that can execute multiple tasks at the same time. However, the question is: can a person really be a multitasker?
  For most scientists, the answer is no. So much so that, according to experts in neuroscience(神经系统科学), our brains do not handle multitasking situations well. As soon as two tasks require our attention, productivity suffers. What we call multitasking, therefore, is in reality the ability to move more or less quickly from one task to another. This requires two essential conditions: that one of the tasks needs to be automatic, like walking or eating, and that they both need different mental processes. Answering the phone and writing at the same time, for example.
  However, on the other side of the coin there are people who maintain that it is possible to be, or at least seem to be, multitasking. A recent study concluded that regardless of whether people are actually handling several tasks or not, the mere fact that they perceive this activity as multitasking has a positive effect on their performance.
  The business perspective offers a different view： multitasking is understood as the ability to adapt to all types of environment within a company and effectively undertake different activities within a set time frame. Indeed, many companies look for people who are skilled in multitasking to improve their productivity. From this different perspective, you can not only be multitasking but this ability can also be taught: something that is easier in fluid organisations, which favour flexibility in their working practices.
  The benefits of multitasking are clear. Being quicker and more efficient increases our performance and the number of tasks completed. But having to pay attention to several things at once means that the powers of concentration are reduced and that can lead to more mistakes.

2023-12-02-51.细节辨认题—难—定位难，同义替换“refer to”替换为“come from”—答案同义替换简单“at once”替换为“at the same time”

2023-12-02-51.—第一：通过“multitasker”定位；第二：找原词复现，选项；第三：找同义替换，选项

51. What does a “multitasker” originally refer to?【原文：A multitasker is one who can perform two or more tasks effectively at the same time, which — apart from the obvious differences — is similar to what a computer does. The concept does indeed come from the realms of technology, where it is used to refer to an operating system that can execute multiple tasks at the same time. However, the question is: can a person really be a multitasker?】
    A. An operating system capable of doing several tasks at once.
    B. A skilled worker executing more than one task at the same time.
    C. A sophisticated technology doing several tasks effectively at once.
    D. An efficient person able to perform multiple tasks at the same time.

51. “多重任务处理者”最初指的是什么?
A. 一个能够同时进行多项任务的操作系统。   
B. 一个同时执行多项任务的技术工人 。 
C.一项可以同时有效完成多项任务的复杂技术。
D. 一个能够同时进行多项任务的高效人士。	 

根据题干关键词“multitasker”originally refer to可以将答案定位到第一段前两句。题干中的originally refer to 与原文中的come from属于同义替换。

第一段第一句指出，多重任务处理者是可以同时有效地处理两项或多项任务的人。但是这并没有说这个概念最初指什么，我们继续往下看，可以发现，第二句给出了答案：这个概念确实源自技术领域，它用来指代可以同时执行多项任务的操作系统。由此可知，选项A 正确。

其他三项的内容都与原文不符，均可以 排除。

2023-12-02-52.—细节辨认题—找到定位句，确认主语是brain，谓语是not handle，宾语是multitask，选出C

2023-12-02-52.—第一：通过“neuroscientists”定位；第二：找原词复现，选项；第三：找同义替换，选项

52. Why can’t people really be multitaskers according to neuroscientists?【原文：For most scientists, the answer is no. So much so that, according to experts in neuroscience(神经系统科学), our brains do not handle multitasking situations well. 】
    A. They are not sufficiently exposed to multitasking situations.
    B. They are not comparable to mechanical operating systems.
    C. Their brains do not allow them to multitask.
    D. Their attention span cannot be expanded.

52. 根据神经科学家的说法，人们为什么不能成为真正的多重任务处理者?
A. 他们没有充分接触多重任务处理的情况。     
B. 他们无法与机械的操作系统相比。   
C.他们的大脑不允许他们同时处理多项任务。    
D. 他们的注意力范围无法扩大。    

根据题干关键词neuroscientists可以将答案定位到第二段第二句。
第一段第一句指出，根据神经系统科学去家的说法，我们的大脑无法很好地处理多重任务的情况。由此可知，人们不能真正地进行多重任务处理是因为大脑不允许，故选项C 正确。

其他三项的内容原文均没有提及，可以排除。

2023-12-02-53.—细节辨认题—1.通过关键词找到原文定位出；2.找主语是people；3.谓语是perceive，答案是perceive替换为perception

2023-12-02-53.—第一：通过“A recent study concluded that”定位；第二：找原词复现，选项；第三：找同义替换，选项

53. What do we learn from the conclusion of a recent study on multitasking?【原文：A recent study concluded that regardless of whether people are actually handling several tasks or not, the mere fact that they perceive this activity as multitasking has a positive effect on their performance.】
    A. People make greater achievements by maintaining whatever they are doing is multitasking.
    B. People’s performance benefits from the perception of what they are doing as multitasking.
    C. People’s active mental processes exert a positive effect on their multitasking.
    D. People can improve their capabilities by handling multitasking situations.

53. 从最近一项关于多重任务处理的研究结论中，我们能了解到什么?
A. 通过坚称他们所做的任何事情都是多重任务处理，人们取得更大的成就。
B. 人们认为自己正在进行的工作是多重任务处理，这种想法对他们的表现有益处。
C. 人们活跃的心理过程对他们的多重任务处理产生了积极的影响。
D. 人们可以通过处理多重任务的情况来提升自己的能力。

根据题干关键词the conclusion ofa recent study可以将答案定位到第三段第二句。
第三段第二句指出，最近的一项研究得出结论，无论人们是否真的在同时处理几项任务，只要他们认为这项活动是多重任务处理，就会对他们的表现起到积极的作用。由此可知，只要人们认为自己在处理多重任务，他们就能从这种想法中受益，故选项B 正确。选项中的perception与原文中的perceive属于同义替换。

其他三项的内容均与原文不符，可以排除。

2023-12-02-54.—推理判断题—关键字是“ability”和"activities"

2023-12-02-54.—第一：通过“business”定位；第二：找原词复现，选项；第三：找同义替换，选项

54. How does the business world view multitasking?【原文：The business perspective offers a different view： multitasking is understood as the ability to adapt to all types of environment within a company and effectively undertake different activities within a set time frame. Indeed, many companies look for people who are skilled in multitasking to improve their productivity.】
    A. It is a rare skill often found in fluid organisations.
    B. It is an adaptable capability required of all workers.
    C. It is an essential quality many employees lack.
    D. It is a desirable ability that can be developed.

54. 商界如何看待多重任务处理?
A. 它是一种罕见的技能，常出现在流动性强的组织中。   
B. 它是一种所有员工都需要拥有的适应能力。
C. 它是许多员工都缺乏的一项必备特质。        
D. 它是一种可以培养的理想能力。

根据题干关键词business world view multitasking可以将答案定位到倒数第二段。

倒数第二段开头指出，从商业角度来看，多重任务处理被认为是适应公司的所有环境类型，并在设定的时间范围内有效地开展不同活动的能力。事实上，许多公司都在寻找擅长多重任务处理的人来提高其生产力。由此可知，多重任务处理是一种值得拥有的理想能力。本段第三句话指出，你不仅可以同时处理多项任务，而且这种能力也可以被教授。既然它是能被教授的，那么就说明，这种能力是能通过学习而培养的，故选项D正确。

选项A错在原文并没有说这是一种罕见的技能。选项B错在原文没有说所有员工都需要拥有这种能力。

选项C原文并未提及，可排除。

2023-12-02-55.—推理判断题—结合最后一段的意思和but推出需要避免multitasking.

2023-12-02-55.—第一：通过“the number of tasks”定位；第二：找原词复现，选项；第三：找同义替换，选项

55. What does the author imply we should do if we have to focus on some task and do it well?【原文：The benefits of multitasking are clear. Being quicker and more efficient increases our performance and the number of tasks completed. But having to pay attention to several things at once means that the powers of concentration are reduced and that can lead to more mistakes.】
    A. Work in a flexible way.
    B. Learn from mistakes.
    C. Avoid multitasking.
    D. Increase efficiency.

55.如果我们必须专注于某项任务并把它做好，作者暗示我们应该怎么做?
A. 以灵活的方式工作。
B. 从错误中吸取教训。
C. 避免进行多重任务处理。
D. 提高效率。

根据题干关键词have to focus on some task可以将答案定位到最后一段最后一句。

最后一段开头先指出多重任务处理的好处，最后一句以but转折指出多重任务处理的弊端，即不得不同时关注几件事就意味着注意力会减弱，从而可能会导致更多的错误。从这句话可以分析得知，作者在暗示我们，如果我们想专注于一项任务，并且把它做好，我们最好不要采用多重任务处理的方式，故选项C正确。

其他三项的内容均与原文不符，可以排除。

Part IV Translation (30 minutes)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.

  改革开放以来，中国人的饮食 (diet) 发生了显著变化。过去由于经济落后，食品种类有限、数量不足，人们仅仅满足于吃得饱。如今中国经济快速发展，食品不仅更加丰富多样，质量也大幅提高。随着生活水平不断提升，人们对饮食的要求起来越高，更加注重吃得营养健康。因此，目前市场上推出的低脂、低糖、有机食品受到人们的普遍欢迎。