MEM/MBA英语基础(08)复合句-状语从句

本系列文章主要讲解 MEM/MBA 英语基础,系列文章总纲链接为:MEM/MBA英语基础


本章节思维导图如下所示(思维导图会持续迭代):


1 时间状语从句

@1 When 的用法:When 即可以引导一个持续性动作,又可引到一个短暂 行动作。可用以表示主从句动作同时发生或从句动作先 于主句。(从句动词可延续也可非延续)

  1. I was thin when I was a child.
  2. The film had been on when we arrived.

@2 While 的用法:必须引导持续性动作,强调在一段时间内,主句和从句动作同时发生。

  1. My mother was cooking while I was doing my homework.
  2. Please don’t talk so loud while others are working.

@3 as的用法:随着,一边...一边...

  1. As I get older, I get more optimistic. 随着年龄的增长,我变得更加乐观。
  2. He hurried home, looking behind as he went. 他匆匆忙忙回家,边走边往后看。
  3. Crucially, as they opened up their markets, they balanced market economy with sensible government direction.非常重要的是,随着市场的开放,两国利用了政府 合理的经济方针来平衡市场经济。

@4 before的用法:

  1. Before they got to the bus stop, the bus had gone. 在他们到达公交站之前,公共汽车已经开走了。
  2. Correct the mistake before it is too late. 趁着还有时间把错误纠正过来。
  3. It was five minutes before(之前才) he invited her. 过了五分钟后他才邀请她。
  4. It wasn’t long before(不久就) the girl's boyfriend showed up 过不了多久这个女孩的男朋友就露面了。

@5 after的用法:

After “主句句⽤用⼀一般过去时,从句句⽤用过去完成时”
I moved to America after I had learned English for ten years. 我学了了⼗十年年英语后搬到了了美国。

@6 until的用法:

  1. He waited there until his mother came back. 他在这里等着直到他妈妈回来。
  2. We will not leave until he comes back. 他一回来我们就走。
  3. Never leave the things until tomorrow you can do today. 今日事,今日毕。

@7 as soon as的用法:

  1. We will leave as soon as it stops raining. 雨一停我们就走。
  2. As soon as the cat touched the dog’s nose, it ran away.  小猫一摸狗鼻子,就跑了。

@8 since的用法:

  1. It is / has been 3 years since he left there. 自从他离开这里已经有3年了。
  2. It is /has been 5 years since his father worked here.  他父亲不在这里工作已五年了。
  3. It was three years since Jack had been a teacher. 杰克不当老师已经三年了。

@9 once的用法:

Once you understand the rules of the game, you’ll love it. 你一旦了解了游戏规则,会喜欢它的。

2 地点状语从句

2.1 where 指“在某个地方”,wherever 指“无论哪里,在任何一个地方”,

  1. We must camp where we can get water. 我们必须在能弄到水的地方宿营
  2. I will follow you wherever you go.  无论你去哪,我都会跟着你
  3. Where there is a will, there is a way.有志者事竟成。

2.2 where引导的定语从句和地点状语从句的区别

@1 若where引导的是定语从句,where前面必然有表示地点(或抽象地点)的名词,即先行词。比如:

This is the house where I lived two years ago.

@2 where引导状语从句时, where是从属连词, where引导的从句修饰主句的谓语动词, where前面没有表示地点的先行词。比如:

Wuhan lies where the Changjiang River and the Han Jiang River meet.

@3 where引导的地点状语从句兼有抽象条件含义, 可放在主 句的前面, 而where引导的定语从句则不能

  1. Where there is a will, there is a way.有志者事竟成。
  2. Where there is water, there is life.有水的地方就有生命。

3 原因状语从句

@1 because语气最强

  1. Because he wore the fake eyes, we couldn’t figure out whether he was awake. 因为他戴着假眼睛,我们无法判断他是否醒了。
  2. The ship changed its course because there was a storm.  因为有暴风雨,船改变了航线。

@2 Since 引导的语气次于because表示稍加 分析后推断出的原因,或指的是人们达成一 致的事实。“ 既然,鉴于” 常放于句首。

  1. Since no one is against it, let’s carry out the plan. 既然没有人反对,我们就实行这个计划吧。
  2. Since you have already done so much for our company, you deserve the promotion. 既然你已经为我们公司做了这么多,你应该得 到提升。

@3 As 语气最弱,一般放句首,译为 ‘由于’。

  1. As he wasn’t ready in time, we went without him.由于他没有及时准备好,我们没等他就去了。

@4 短语词组 now that 既然;/in that 由于 既然 & seeing that 由于 鉴于;/considering that 考虑到 鉴于

  1. I’m in a slightly awkward position in that he’s not arriving until the 10th. 我的处境有点尴尬, 因为他要到10号才来。
  2. Seeing / considering (that ) he is so young, that is excusable (可原谅的) 鉴于他如此年轻,这是可以原谅的。

4 条件状语从句

@1 if 如果

  1. We'll start our project if the president agrees. 如果总统同意,我们就开始我们的项目
  2. If you work harder, you will succeed. 如果你更加努力,你就会成功。

@2 only if 和 if only

only if 表示 只有;只有....才 和 if only 表示 要是...多好;但愿

  1. Only if I get a job ,will I have enough money to go school.只有当我找到一份工作,我才有足够的钱去上学。
  2. If only I knew her name.要是我知道她的名字就好了

@3 unless 除非

  1. I can’t see unless I wear glasses.除非我戴上眼镜,否则我什么也看不见。
  2. We can’t write to Mary unless she tells us her address. 除非玛丽告诉我们她的地址,否则我们不能给她写信。

@4 as long as 只要

I don't care who you are,where you're from,what you did,as long as you love me.只要你爱我,我什么都不在乎。

@5  on condition that... 如果;条件是....

He has been granted his freedom on condition that he leaves the country.他已获准恢复自由,条件是他离开这个国家。

5 目的状语从句

常用连词有so that,in order that(以便),for fear that(以免...) in case(以防),从句中常含有情态动词(can,could,may,might等),比如:

  1. The boss asked the secretary to hurry up with the letters so that (in order that) he could sign them. 老板叫秘书赶快把信写好,以便他能在上面签名
  2. He put his money in the safe for fear that it should be stolen. 他把钱放在保险箱里生怕/以防被盗。
  3. Everyone keep an eye on Howard in case he starts to swell up. 大家都盯着霍华德,以防他肿起来。

6 结果状语从句

常见连词为 so ...that (如此..以至于) 与 such ...that (如此...以至于)。两者的区别是:So 为副词,修饰形容词,副词 Such 为形容词,修饰名词。如下:

  1. She is so thin that the love God cannot aim at her. 她太瘦了,以至于爱神的箭都瞄不准她。
  2. He is so reliable that I can totally depend on him. 他很可靠,我完全可以信赖他。
  3. He got up so early that he caught the first bus. 他起得那么早,赶上了头班车。
  4. He is such an honest man that we all trust him. 他是一个如此诚实的人,我们都信任他。
  5. It's such a good chance that we must not miss it. 这是一个如此好的机会,我们决不能错过。
  6. Yesterday morning Yang Cheng got up early so that she could catch the first bus. 昨天早上杨成起得很早,以便能赶上第一班公共汽车。

7 让步状语从句

@1 although/though

Although/though he tried hard, still/ yet he failed. 尽管他努⼒了,但他还是失败了。

@2 even if/even though

  1. Even if it is raining, I will go. 即使在下⾬,我们也要去。
  2. You should try to be nice to him, even though you don’t like him. 就算你不喜欢他,也该试着友好一些。

@3 while 尽管

  1. While the leading actor on the stage captures our attention, we are aware of the importance of the supporting players and the scenery of the play itself. 尽管舞台上的主角吸引了我们的注意力,我们也意识到配角及剧目本身的布景的重􏰀要性。
  2. He wanted to quit while the master encouraged him to hold on. 他想退出,但师⽗鼓励他坚持。

@4 However/No matter 无论

  1. However/No matter how long the night, the dawn will break.无论黑夜有多长,黎明总会到来。
  2. No matter when you are available, please call/mail me back. 任何您⽅便的时候,麻烦给我回个电话/回复邮件。

8 方式状语从句

@1 as/just as

  1. When in Rome, do as the Romans do. ⼊乡随俗。
  2. I have got Kongming just as fish gets into the water.孤之有􏰂明,犹⻥之有水也。

@2 as if/as though

  1. It seems as if it’s going to rain. 似乎要下⾬了。
  2. He acted as if/as though nothing had happened. 他表现得就像什么事都没发⽣似的。

9 比较状语从句

as...as...副词 连词

  1. People are not as honest as they once were. ⼈们不像过去那么诚实了。
  2. People are not as/so poor as they once were. ⼈们如今不像过去那么贫穷了。

10 定语从句 和 状语从句的区别

从句修饰主句谓语是状语从句 从句修饰主句中的名词是定语从句,比如:

  1. I still remember the day when she 1st came to school. (定语从句,修饰先⾏词the day)
  2. I stopped eating when she came in. (状语从句,修饰stopped)

11 状语从句总结种类与常见连接词总结

 

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