Unity Shader入门精要——不透明物体阴影

效果：

代码：

Shader "Unity Shaders Book/Chapter 9/Shadow" {
	Properties {
		_Diffuse ("Diffuse", Color) = (1, 1, 1, 1)
		_Specular ("Specular", Color) = (1, 1, 1, 1)
		_Gloss ("Gloss", Range(8.0, 256)) = 20
	}
	SubShader {
		Tags { "RenderType"="Opaque" }
		
		Pass {
			// Pass for ambient light & first pixel light (directional light)
			Tags { "LightMode"="ForwardBase" }
		
			CGPROGRAM
			
			// Apparently need to add this declaration 
			#pragma multi_compile_fwdbase	
			
			#pragma vertex vert
			#pragma fragment frag
			
			// Need these files to get built-in macros
			#include "Lighting.cginc"
			#include "AutoLight.cginc"
			
			fixed4 _Diffuse;
			fixed4 _Specular;
			float _Gloss;
			
			struct a2v {
				float4 vertex : POSITION;
				float3 normal : NORMAL;
			};
			
			struct v2f {
				float4 pos : SV_POSITION;
				float3 worldNormal : TEXCOORD0;
				float3 worldPos : TEXCOORD1;
				SHADOW_COORDS(2)
			};
			
			v2f vert(a2v v) {
			 	v2f o;
			 	o.pos = UnityObjectToClipPos(v.vertex);
			 	
			 	o.worldNormal = UnityObjectToWorldNormal(v.normal);

			 	o.worldPos = mul(unity_ObjectToWorld, v.vertex).xyz;
			 	
			 	// Pass shadow coordinates to pixel shader
			 	TRANSFER_SHADOW(o);
			 	
			 	return o;
			}
			
			fixed4 frag(v2f i) : SV_Target {
				fixed3 worldNormal = normalize(i.worldNormal);
				fixed3 worldLightDir = normalize(_WorldSpaceLightPos0.xyz);
				
				fixed3 ambient = UNITY_LIGHTMODEL_AMBIENT.xyz;

			 	fixed3 diffuse = _LightColor0.rgb * _Diffuse.rgb * max(0, dot(worldNormal, worldLightDir));

			 	fixed3 viewDir = normalize(_WorldSpaceCameraPos.xyz - i.worldPos.xyz);
			 	fixed3 halfDir = normalize(worldLightDir + viewDir);
			 	fixed3 specular = _LightColor0.rgb * _Specular.rgb * pow(max(0, dot(worldNormal, halfDir)), _Gloss);

				fixed atten = 1.0;
				
				fixed shadow = SHADOW_ATTENUATION(i);
				
				return fixed4(ambient + (diffuse + specular) * atten * shadow, 1.0);
			}
			
			ENDCG
		}
	
		Pass {
			// Pass for other pixel lights
			Tags { "LightMode"="ForwardAdd" }
			
			Blend One One
		
			CGPROGRAM
			
			// Apparently need to add this declaration
			#pragma multi_compile_fwdadd
			// Use the line below to add shadows for point and spot lights
//			#pragma multi_compile_fwdadd_fullshadows
			
			#pragma vertex vert
			#pragma fragment frag
			
			#include "Lighting.cginc"
			#include "AutoLight.cginc"
			
			fixed4 _Diffuse;
			fixed4 _Specular;
			float _Gloss;
			
			struct a2v {
				float4 vertex : POSITION;
				float3 normal : NORMAL;
			};
			
			struct v2f {
				float4 position : SV_POSITION;
				float3 worldNormal : TEXCOORD0;
				float3 worldPos : TEXCOORD1;
			};
			
			v2f vert(a2v v) {
			 	v2f o;
			 	o.position = UnityObjectToClipPos(v.vertex);
			 	
			 	o.worldNormal = UnityObjectToWorldNormal(v.normal);
			 	
			 	o.worldPos = mul(unity_ObjectToWorld, v.vertex).xyz;
			 	
			 	return o;
			}
			
			fixed4 frag(v2f i) : SV_Target {
				fixed3 worldNormal = normalize(i.worldNormal);
				#ifdef USING_DIRECTIONAL_LIGHT
					fixed3 worldLightDir = normalize(_WorldSpaceLightPos0.xyz);
				#else
					fixed3 worldLightDir = normalize(_WorldSpaceLightPos0.xyz - i.worldPos.xyz);
				#endif

			 	fixed3 diffuse = _LightColor0.rgb * _Diffuse.rgb * max(0, dot(worldNormal, worldLightDir));

			 	fixed3 viewDir = normalize(_WorldSpaceCameraPos.xyz - i.worldPos.xyz);
			 	fixed3 halfDir = normalize(worldLightDir + viewDir);
			 	fixed3 specular = _LightColor0.rgb * _Specular.rgb * pow(max(0, dot(worldNormal, halfDir)), _Gloss);

				#ifdef USING_DIRECTIONAL_LIGHT
					fixed atten = 1.0;
				#else
					float3 lightCoord = mul(unity_WorldToLight, float4(i.worldPos, 1)).xyz;
					fixed atten = tex2D(_LightTexture0, dot(lightCoord, lightCoord).rr).UNITY_ATTEN_CHANNEL;
				#endif
			 	
				return fixed4((diffuse + specular) * atten, 1.0);
			}
			
			ENDCG
		}
	}
	FallBack "Specular"
}

• 在Base Pass中包含进一一个新的内置文件:

#include "AutoLight. cginc".
这是因为，我们下面计算阴影时所用的宏都是在这个文件中声明的。

在顶点着色器的输出结构体v2f中添加了一一个内置宏SHADOW_ COORDS: 
struct v2f {
float4 pos : SV_ POSITION;
float3 worldNormal : TEXCOORD0;
float3 worldPos : TEXCOORD1 ;
SHADOW_ COORDS (2)
}

这个宏的作用很简单，就是声明一个用于对阴影纹理采样的坐标。需要注意的是，这个宏的
参数需要是下一个可用的插值寄存器的索引值，在上面的例子中就是2。

• 在顶点着色器返回之前添加另一一个内置宏TRANSFER_ SHADOW: 

v2f vert (a2v v) {
v2f o;

...

// Pass shadow coordinates to pixel shader
TRANSFER_SHADOW(o) ;
return o;
}
这个宏用于在顶点着色器中计算上一步中声明的阴影纹理坐标。

• 在片元着色器中计算阴影值，这同样使用了一个内置宏SHADOW_ATTENUATION:

// Use shadow coordinates to sample shadow map
fixed shadow = SHADOW_ ATTENUATION(i) ;

需要注意的是，由于这些宏中会使用上下文变量来进行相关计算，例如TRANSFER_SHADOW会使用v.vertex 或a.pos来计算坐标，因此为了能够让这些宏正确工作，我们需要保证自定义的变量名和这些宏中使用的变量名相匹配。我们需要保证:a2f结构体中的顶点坐标变量名必须是vertex,顶点着色器的输出结构体v2f必须命名为v,且v2f中的顶点位置变量必须命名为pos。

在BasePass中更改以上代码即可实现立方体接收阴影透射，而AdditionalPass更改与之大致相同。
 

统一管理光照衰减和阴影：

Shader "Unity Shaders Book/Chapter 9/Attenuation And Shadow Use Build-in Functions" {
	Properties {
		_Diffuse ("Diffuse", Color) = (1, 1, 1, 1)
		_Specular ("Specular", Color) = (1, 1, 1, 1)
		_Gloss ("Gloss", Range(8.0, 256)) = 20
	}
	SubShader {
		Tags { "RenderType"="Opaque" }
		
		Pass {
			// Pass for ambient light & first pixel light (directional light)
			Tags { "LightMode"="ForwardBase" }
		
			CGPROGRAM
			
			// Apparently need to add this declaration
			#pragma multi_compile_fwdbase	
			
			#pragma vertex vert
			#pragma fragment frag
			
			// Need these files to get built-in macros
			#include "Lighting.cginc"
			#include "AutoLight.cginc"
			
			fixed4 _Diffuse;
			fixed4 _Specular;
			float _Gloss;
			
			struct a2v {
				float4 vertex : POSITION;
				float3 normal : NORMAL;
			};
			
			struct v2f {
				float4 pos : SV_POSITION;
				float3 worldNormal : TEXCOORD0;
				float3 worldPos : TEXCOORD1;
				SHADOW_COORDS(2)
			};
			
			v2f vert(a2v v) {
			 	v2f o;
			 	o.pos = UnityObjectToClipPos(v.vertex);
			 	
			 	o.worldNormal = UnityObjectToWorldNormal(v.normal);
			 	
			 	o.worldPos = mul(unity_ObjectToWorld, v.vertex).xyz;
			 	
			 	// Pass shadow coordinates to pixel shader
			 	TRANSFER_SHADOW(o);
			 	
			 	return o;
			}
			
			fixed4 frag(v2f i) : SV_Target {
				fixed3 worldNormal = normalize(i.worldNormal);
				fixed3 worldLightDir = normalize(UnityWorldSpaceLightDir(i.worldPos));
				
				fixed3 ambient = UNITY_LIGHTMODEL_AMBIENT.xyz;
				
			 	fixed3 diffuse = _LightColor0.rgb * _Diffuse.rgb * max(0, dot(worldNormal, worldLightDir));

			 	fixed3 viewDir = normalize(UnityWorldSpaceViewDir(i.worldPos));
			 	fixed3 halfDir = normalize(worldLightDir + viewDir);
			 	fixed3 specular = _LightColor0.rgb * _Specular.rgb * pow(max(0, dot(worldNormal, halfDir)), _Gloss);

				// UNITY_LIGHT_ATTENUATION not only compute attenuation, but also shadow infos
				UNITY_LIGHT_ATTENUATION(atten, i, i.worldPos);
				
				return fixed4(ambient + (diffuse + specular) * atten, 1.0);
			}
			
			ENDCG
		}
	
		Pass {
			// Pass for other pixel lights
			Tags { "LightMode"="ForwardAdd" }
			
			Blend One One
		
			CGPROGRAM
			
			// Apparently need to add this declaration
			#pragma multi_compile_fwdadd
			// Use the line below to add shadows for point and spot lights
//			#pragma multi_compile_fwdadd_fullshadows
			
			#pragma vertex vert
			#pragma fragment frag
			
			#include "Lighting.cginc"
			#include "AutoLight.cginc"
			
			fixed4 _Diffuse;
			fixed4 _Specular;
			float _Gloss;
			
			struct a2v {
				float4 vertex : POSITION;
				float3 normal : NORMAL;
			};
			
			struct v2f {
				float4 pos : SV_POSITION;
				float3 worldNormal : TEXCOORD0;
				float3 worldPos : TEXCOORD1;
				SHADOW_COORDS(2)
			};
			
			v2f vert(a2v v) {
			 	v2f o;
			 	o.pos = UnityObjectToClipPos(v.vertex);
			 	
			 	o.worldNormal = UnityObjectToWorldNormal(v.normal);
			 	
			 	o.worldPos = mul(unity_ObjectToWorld, v.vertex).xyz;
			 	
			 	// Pass shadow coordinates to pixel shader
			 	TRANSFER_SHADOW(o);
			 	
			 	return o;
			}
			
			fixed4 frag(v2f i) : SV_Target {
				fixed3 worldNormal = normalize(i.worldNormal);
				fixed3 worldLightDir = normalize(UnityWorldSpaceLightDir(i.worldPos));
				
			 	fixed3 diffuse = _LightColor0.rgb * _Diffuse.rgb * max(0, dot(worldNormal, worldLightDir));

			 	fixed3 viewDir = normalize(UnityWorldSpaceViewDir(i.worldPos));
			 	fixed3 halfDir = normalize(worldLightDir + viewDir);
			 	fixed3 specular = _LightColor0.rgb * _Specular.rgb * pow(max(0, dot(worldNormal, halfDir)), _Gloss);

				// UNITY_LIGHT_ATTENUATION not only compute attenuation, but also shadow infos
				UNITY_LIGHT_ATTENUATION(atten, i, i.worldPos);
			 	
				return fixed4((diffuse + specular) * atten, 1.0);
			}
			
			ENDCG
		}
	}
	FallBack "Specular"
}

与上一代码的方式不同，这次我们在片元着色器中使用内置宏UNITY_ LIGHT_ATTENUATION来计算光照衰减和阴影:

UNITY_ LIGHT ATTENUATION是Unity内置的用于计算光照衰减和阴影的宏，我们可以在内置的AutoLight.cginc里找到它的相关声明。它接受3个参数，它会将光照衰减和阴影值相乘后的结果存储到第一个参数中。注意到，我们并没有在代码中声明第一个参数atten, 这是因为UNITY_ LIGHT ATTENUATION会帮我们声明这个变量。它的第二个参数是结构体v2f,这个参数会传递给SHADOW_ ATTENUATION,用来计算阴影值。而第三个参数是世界空间的坐标，这个参数会用于计算光源空间下的坐标，再对光照衰减纹理采样来得到光照衰减。

由于使用了UNITY_ LIGHT ATTENUATION,我们的Base Pass和Additional Pass的代码得以统一，我们不需要 在Base Pass里单独处理阴影，也不需要在Additional Pass中判断光源类型来处理光照衰减，一切都只需要通过UNITY_ LIGHT_ ATTENUATION来完成即可。