自己理解:感觉和中介者差不多,主持人添加(attach)观察者然后,主持人向所有观察者广播(notify)
参考代码
/*
* C++ Design Patterns: Observer
* Author: Jakub Vojvoda [github.com/JakubVojvoda]
* 2016
*
* Source code is licensed under MIT License
* (for more details see LICENSE)
*
*/
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
class Subject;
/*
* Observer
* defines an updating interface for objects that should be notified
* of changes in a subject
*/
class Observer
{
public:
virtual ~Observer() {}
virtual int getState() = 0;
virtual void update( Subject *subject ) = 0;
// ...
};
/*
* Concrete Observer
* stores state of interest to ConcreteObserver objects and
* sends a notification to its observers when its state changes
*/
class ConcreteObserver : public Observer
{
public:
ConcreteObserver( const int state ) :
observer_state( state ) {}
~ConcreteObserver() {}
int getState()
{
return observer_state;
}
void update( Subject *subject );
// ...
private:
int observer_state;
// ...
};
/*
* Subject
* knows its observers and provides an interface for attaching
* and detaching observers
*/
class Subject
{
public:
virtual ~Subject() {}
void attach( Observer *observer )
{
observers.push_back(observer);
}
void detach( const int index )
{
observers.erase( observers.begin() + index );
}
void notify()
{
for ( unsigned int i = 0; i < observers.size(); i++ )
{
observers.at( i )->update( this );
}
}
virtual int getState() = 0;
virtual void setState( const int s ) = 0;
// ...
private:
std::vector<Observer*> observers;
// ...
};
/*
* Concrete Subject
* stores state that should stay consistent with the subject's
*/
class ConcreteSubject : public Subject
{
public:
~ConcreteSubject() {}
int getState()
{
return subject_state;
}
void setState( const int s )
{
subject_state = s;
}
// ...
private:
int subject_state;
// ...
};
void ConcreteObserver::update( Subject *subject )
{
observer_state = subject->getState();
std::cout << "Observer state updated." << std::endl;
}
int main()
{
ConcreteObserver observer1( 1 );
ConcreteObserver observer2( 2 );
std::cout << "Observer 1 state: " << observer1.getState() << std::endl;
std::cout << "Observer 2 state: " << observer2.getState() << std::endl;
Subject *subject = new ConcreteSubject();
subject->attach( &observer1 );
subject->attach( &observer2 );
subject->setState( 10 );
subject->notify();
std::cout << "Observer 1 state: " << observer1.getState() << std::endl;
std::cout << "Observer 2 state: " << observer2.getState() << std::endl;
delete subject;
return 0;
}