再谈RT方法

参考：https://learnopengl.com/Advanced-OpenGL/Framebuffers

真是学习的欲望还是蛮强烈的，所以还是一鼓作气，将这个教程完善下。
前面两个博客，主要介绍了texture, renderbuffer object的使用。
下面就是在此基础上进行绘制整个场景了：

rendering to a texture
now that we know how framebuffers work
it is time to put them to good use.
we are going to render the same scene into a color texture attached to a framebuffer object we created
and then
draw this texture over a simple quad that spans the whole screen.

第一步：创建帧对象

unsigned int framebuffer;
glGenFramebuffers(1, &framebuffer);
glBindFramebuffer(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, framebuffer);  

第二步，创建texture 对象

// generate texture
unsigned int texColorBuffer;
glGenTextures(1, &texColorBuffer);
glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texColorBuffer);
glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_RGB, 800, 600, 0, GL_RGB, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, NULL);
glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_LINEAR );
glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);
glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0);
// attach it to currently bound framebuffer object
glFramebufferTexture2D(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT0, GL_TEXTURE_2D, texColorBuffer, 0);

这里如果还想进行深度和模板的记录则可以选择renderbuffer object对象
we also want to make sure OpenGL is able to do depth testinig (and optionally stencil testing if u are into that)

unsigned int rbo;
glGenRenderbuffers(1, &rbo);
glBindRenderbuffer(GL_RENDERBUFFER, rbo); 
glRenderbufferStorage(GL_RENDERBUFFER, GL_DEPTH24_STENCIL8, 800, 600);  
glBindRenderbuffer(GL_RENDERBUFFER, 0);
glFramebufferRenderbuffer(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, GL_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT, GL_RENDERBUFFER, rbo);

第三步，是检测状态

if(glCheckFramebufferStatus(GL_FRAMEBUFFER) != GL_FRAMEBUFFER_COMPLETE)
	std::cout << "ERROR::FRAMEBUFFER:: Framebuffer is not complete!" << std::endl;
glBindFramebuffer(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, 0);  

第四步，准备一个shader将贴图绘制到和屏幕大小相同的四边形上

#version 330 core
layout (location = 0) in vec2 aPos;
layout (location = 1) in vec2 aTexCoords;

out vec2 TexCoords;

void main()
{
    gl_Position = vec4(aPos.x, aPos.y, 0.0, 1.0); 
    TexCoords = aTexCoords;
}

片段着色器：

#version 330 core
out vec4 FragColor;
  
in vec2 TexCoords;

uniform sampler2D screenTexture;

void main()
{ 
    FragColor = texture(screenTexture, TexCoords);
}

第五步，总的绘制顺序
绘制场景到帧对象（自己创建的那个）-》转到默认的帧对象，清空当前屏幕，然后绘制我们上面定义的四边形

// first pass
glBindFramebuffer(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, framebuffer);
glClearColor(0.1f, 0.1f, 0.1f, 1.0f);
glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT); // we're not using the stencil buffer now
glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);
DrawScene();	
  
// second pass
glBindFramebuffer(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, 0); // back to default
glClearColor(1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f); 
glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);
  
screenShader.use();  
glBindVertexArray(quadVAO);
glDisable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);
glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, textureColorbuffer);
glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 6);  

几个注意点：

1. since each framebuffer we are using has its own set of buffers, we want to clear each of those buffers with the appropriate
   bits we can call method : glClear function
2. when drawing the quad, we are disabling depth testing since we do not really care about depth testing
   because we are drawing a simple quad;
3. we will have to enable depth testing again when we draw the normal scene though.

这样就可以绘制整个场景到一个贴图了，也就是RT的实质了。