990-08产品经理:IT Project Management: Managing IT Projects IT项目管理：管理IT项目

What Is an IT Project? 什么是IT项目？

What Is an IT Project?
An information technology (IT) project is a type of project that deals with IT infrastructure, information systems or computers. Examples of an IT project include web development, software development, mobile app development, network configuration, software implementation, hardware installation, database management, and IT emergency recovery.
什么是IT项目？
信息技术项目是一种涉及信息技术基础设施、信息系统或计算机的项目。IT项目的示例包括Web开发、软件开发、移动应用开发、网络配置、软件实施、硬件安装、数据库管理和IT紧急恢复。

What Is IT Project Management? 什么是IT项目管理？

What Is an IT Project?
An information technology (IT) project is a type of project that deals with IT infrastructure, information systems or computers. Examples of an IT project include web development, software development, mobile app development, network configuration, software implementation, hardware installation, database management, and IT emergency recovery.

What Is IT Project Management?
IT project management (ITPM) is the planning, scheduling, execution, monitoring and reporting of IT projects. While many industries focus exclusively on IT projects, IT is unique in that most, if not all, industries have some level of an IT component.
什么是IT项目？
信息技术项目是一种涉及信息技术基础设施、信息系统或计算机的项目。IT项目的示例包括Web开发、软件开发、移动应用开发、网络配置、软件实施、硬件安装、数据库管理和IT紧急恢复。
什么是IT项目管理？
IT项目管理（ITPM）是IT项目的计划、调度、执行、监控和报告。虽然许多行业只专注于IT项目，但IT是独一无二的，因为大多数（如果不是全部的话）行业都有某种程度的IT组件。

Since they are often very wide in scope, IT project managers must deal with risk, interdependent integrations, software updates, scope creep and so on. Therefore, IT projects require more than the typical project management tools and skills to complete.
Specialized IT project management software complete with online Gantt charts, kanban boards, dashboards and reports provide the essential functions necessary for successful IT projects.
由于它们的范围通常很广，IT项目经理必须处理风险、相互依赖的集成、软件更新、范围蔓延等问题。因此，IT项目需要的不仅仅是典型的项目管理工具和技能来完成。
专业的IT项目管理软件，配有在线甘特图、看板、仪表板和报告，为成功的IT项目提供必要的基本功能。

What Are the Six Phases of an IT Project? IT项目的六个阶段是什么？

The six phases of an IT project are based on the six phases of project management, which are used in conjunction with the IT phases to manage the project. They are as follows:
IT项目的六个阶段是以项目管理的六个阶段为基础，与IT阶段结合使用，对项目进行管理。它们是：

Initiation
During the first phase of an IT project, one must ask “why is this project needed?”—in other words, the objective of the project must be identified. Then, a project proposal, including a business plan, that meets the needs of the project must be written. In addition, a feasibility study might be conducted to ensure the proposal is airtight.
入会仪式
在IT项目的第一阶段，必须问“为什么需要这个项目？”——换句话说，必须确定项目的目标。然后，必须写出符合项目需求的项目建议书，包括商业计划书。此外，可能会进行可行性研究，以确保建议书是密闭的。

Definition
After the project proposal has been approved, the project moves into the definition phase. This is where the objectives of the project are finalized and the requirements for a successful project are identified. The project scope can also be outlined, and a project plan may be created during this phase. Budgets are also set, and resources are determined.
定义
项目建议书被批准后，项目进入定义阶段。这是最终确定项目目标和确定成功项目的要求的地方。项目范围也可以被勾勒出来，项目计划也可以在这个阶段创建。预算也已设定，资源也已确定。

Design
The design phase of an IT project is when the project team sets out to find the best solution for achieving their goal. This includes creating multiple designs and prototypes. Once a suitable design has been chosen, specifications for the development team are created and shared.
设计
在IT项目的设计阶段，项目团队开始寻找实现目标的最佳解决方案。这包括创建多个设计和原型。一旦选择了合适的设计，开发团队的规范就会被创建和共享。

Development
The development phase is when the development team is assigned tasks and project management tools are selected. Additionally, technicalities are outlined, raw materials are requested and so on. The main goal of this phase is to make the entire plan as crystal clear as possible to avoid issues in the implementation phase.
发展
开发阶段是指给开发团队分配任务和选择项目管理工具的阶段。此外，还概述了技术细节，要求提供原材料等等。这一阶段的主要目标是使整个计划尽可能清晰明了，以避免在实施阶段出现问题。

Implementation
The implementation phase is where the final deliverable of the IT project is developed; unsurprisingly, this is often the longest phase of the project. The project team sets out to complete their tasks, while the manager monitors and controls the work, resources, cost, quality and risk.
履行
实施阶段是开发IT项目的最终可交付成果的阶段；不出所料，这通常是项目中最长的阶段。项目团队着手完成他们的任务，而经理则对工作、资源、成本、质量和风险进行监督和控制。

Follow Up
Finally, once the implementation phase is complete, the final project is delivered to the customer/client/stakeholder. The follow up phase is all the work that comes after the project is delivered, and includes setting up support teams, training the end-users, creating a postmortem and ultimately ending the project.
跟进
最后，一旦实施阶段完成，最终的项目交付给客户/客户/涉众。跟进阶段是项目交付后的所有工作，包括建立支持团队、培训最终用户、创建事后分析和最终结束项目。

Most IT projects and their phases are managed with a traditional, structured waterfall methodology. An agile framework, though, can minimize risk when adding functionality. DevOps deployment can be a good fit within an organizational culture. Rapid application development (RAD) is a low-investment, high-quality process.
大多数IT项目及其阶段都采用传统的结构化瀑布方法进行管理。不过，敏捷框架可以在添加功能时将风险降到最低。DevOps部署可以很好地适应组织文化。快速应用程序开发（RAD）是一个低投资、高质量的过程。

What Does an IT Project Manager Do? IT项目经理做什么？

An IT project manager is responsible for overseeing an organization’s IT department and managing teams to execute IT projects on time and within budget. Some of the duties of an IT project manager include:
IT项目经理负责监督组织得IT部门并管理团队，以在预算范围内按时执行IT项目。IT项目经理的一些职责包括：

Setting project goals and creating plans to meet them
Maintaining the project schedule and budget, creating status reports
Managing resources, including the team, equipment, etc.
Assigning tasks to team members
Developing strategy to deliver projects on time and within budget
Using IT project management tools to track progress and performance
Assessing project risks
Developing IT risk management strategies
Leading regular meetings with team and stakeholders

设定项目目标并制定计划以实现目标
维护项目进度和预算，创建状态报告
管理资源，包括团队、设备等。
将任务分配给工作组成员
制定战略，在预算范围内按时交付项目
使用IT项目管理工具跟踪进度和绩效
评估项目风险
制定IT风险管理策略
领导与团队和利益相关者的定期会议

IT project managers are expected to have advanced knowledge of computers, operating systems, network and service desk administration. They must also be good communicators and be able to clearly explain complex technical issues. Other required skills include experience with scheduling, budgeting and resource planning.
While the skill sets of project managers across different industries are generally the same, an IT project manager is unique in that they’re focused solely on the IT needs of an organization. But like all project managers, the way an IT project manager handles their varied duties and responsibilities is with the help of robust IT project management software.
信息技术项目经理应具备计算机、操作系统、网络和服务台管理方面的先进知识。他们还必须是良好的沟通者，能够清楚地解释复杂的技术问题。其他所需技能包括调度、预算和资源规划方面的经验。
尽管不同行业的项目经理的技能组合通常是相同的，但IT项目经理的独特之处在于他们只关注组织的IT需求。但像所有的项目经理，一个IT项目经理处理他们的各种职责和责任的方式是与强大的IT项目管理软件的帮助。

What Is IT Project Management Software? 什么是IT项目管理软件？

IT project management software is used by managers to organize and control the processes of their IT projects. Like any software tool, it’s main purpose is to increase efficiency.
IT项目管理软件是由管理人员用来组织和控制他们的IT项目的过程。像任何软件工具一样，它的主要目的是提高效率。

IT project management software boosts efficiency by giving users the features they need to monitor and track progress and performance. This keeps their IT projects on track to meet tight schedules and budgets.
Some key features common among IT project management tools include task and time tracking, real-time data, unlimited file storage, multiple project views to support hybrid methodologies, planning, scheduling and reporting. Microsoft Project is one of the most commonly used project management software, but it has major drawbacks that make ProjectManager a better choice for IT projects.
IT项目管理软件通过为用户提供监视和跟踪进度和绩效所需的功能来提高效率。这使他们的IT项目保持在正轨上，以满足紧张的时间表和预算。
IT项目管理工具中常见的一些关键功能包括任务和时间跟踪、实时数据、无限的文件存储、支持混合方法的多个项目视图、计划、调度和报告。Microsoft Project是最常用的项目管理软件之一，但它有主要缺点，使ProjectManager成为IT项目的更好选择。