∣ A ∪ B ∣ = ∣ A ∣ + ∣ B ∣ − ∣ A ∩ B ∣ |A∪B| = |A|+|B| - |A∩B| ∣A∪B∣=∣A∣+∣B∣−∣A∩B∣
∣ A ∪ B ∪ C ∣ = ∣ A ∣ + ∣ B ∣ + ∣ C ∣ − ∣ A ∩ B ∣ − ∣ B ∩ C ∣ − ∣ C ∩ A ∣ + ∣ A ∩ B ∩ C ∣ 证 明 : ∣ A U B U C ∣ = ∣ A U B ∣ + ∣ C ∣ − ∣ ( A U B ) ∩ C ∣ = ∣ A ∣ + ∣ B ∣ − ∣ A ∩ B ∣ + ∣ C ∣ − ∣ ( A ∩ C ) U ( B ∩ C ) ∣ = ∣ A ∣ + ∣ B ∣ − ∣ A ∩ B ∣ + ∣ C ∣ − ( ∣ A ∩ C ∣ + ∣ B ∩ C ∣ − ∣ A ∩ B ∩ C ∣ ) = ∣ A ∣ + ∣ B ∣ + ∣ C ∣ − ∣ A ∩ B ∣ − ∣ A ∩ C ∣ − ∣ B ∩ C ∣ + ∣ A ∩ B ∩ C ∣ |A∪B∪C| = |A|+|B|+|C |-| A∩B| - |B∩C| - |C∩A| + |A∩B∩C|\\ 证明: |AUBUC|=|AUB|+|C|-| (AUB)∩C|\\ =|A|+|B|-|A∩B|+|C|-|(A∩C)U (B∩C)|\\ =|A|+|B|-|A∩B|+|C|-(|A∩C|+|B∩C|-|A∩B∩C|)\\ =|A|+|B|+|C|-|A∩B|-|A∩C|-|B∩C|+ |A∩B∩C| ∣A∪B∪C∣=∣A∣+∣B∣+∣C∣−∣A∩B∣−∣B∩C∣−∣C∩A∣+∣A∩B∩C∣证明:∣AUBUC∣=∣AUB∣+∣C∣−∣(AUB)∩C∣=∣A∣+∣B∣−∣A∩B∣+∣C∣−∣(A∩C)U(B∩C)∣=∣A∣+∣B∣−∣A∩B∣+∣C∣−(∣A∩C∣+∣B∩C∣−∣A∩B∩C∣)=∣A∣+∣B∣+∣C∣−∣A∩B∣−∣A∩C∣−∣B∩C∣+∣A∩B∩C∣
可以用数学归纳法证明:
∣ A 1 ∪ A 2 … ∪ A m ∣ = ∑ ∣ A i ∣ − ∑ ∣ A i ∩ A j ∣ + ∑ ∣ A i ∩ A j ∩ A k ∣ + … + ( − 1 ) m − 1 ∣ A 1 ∩ A 2 … ∩ A m ∣ |A_1\cup A_2… \cup A_m |=\sum|A_i|-\sum|A_i ∩A_j |+ \sum |A_i\cap A_j\cap A_k|+…+(-1)^{m-1}| A_1\cap A_2… \cap A_m | ∣A1∪A2…∪Am∣=∑∣Ai∣−∑∣Ai∩Aj∣+∑∣Ai∩Aj∩Ak∣+…+(−1)m−1∣A1∩A2…∩Am∣