古月居ROS入门21讲-编程基础(2)

视频链接：bilibili 搜 古月居
源代码：关注古月居公众号，回复ROS入门21讲

1 客户端Client的编程实现

1.1 新建一个功能包

cd ~/catkin_ws/src
catkin_create_pkg learning_service roscpp rospy std_msgs geometry_msgs turtlesim

1.2 产生客户端(C++)

1. 代码

/***********************************************************************
Copyright 2020 GuYueHome (www.guyuehome.com).
***********************************************************************/

/**
 * 该例程将请求/spawn服务，服务数据类型turtlesim::Spawn
 */

#include <ros/ros.h>
#include <turtlesim/Spawn.h>

int main(int argc, char** argv)
{
    // 初始化ROS节点
	ros::init(argc, argv, "turtle_spawn");

    // 创建节点句柄
	ros::NodeHandle node;

    // 循环等待/spawn服务，发现后，创建一个服务客户端，连接名为/spawn的service
	ros::service::waitForService("/spawn");
	ros::ServiceClient add_turtle = node.serviceClient<turtlesim::Spawn>("/spawn");

    // 初始化turtlesim::Spawn的请求数据
	turtlesim::Spawn srv;
	srv.request.x = 2.0;
	srv.request.y = 2.0;
	srv.request.name = "turtle2";

    // 请求服务调用
	ROS_INFO("Call service to spwan turtle[x:%0.6f, y:%0.6f, name:%s]", 
			 srv.request.x, srv.request.y, srv.request.name.c_str());

	add_turtle.call(srv);

	// 显示服务调用结果
	ROS_INFO("Spwan turtle successfully [name:%s]", srv.response.name.c_str());

	return 0;
};

2. 编译
   添加以下语句到learning_service功能包下的cmakelist.txt中

add_executable(turtle_spawn src/turtle_spawn.cpp)
target_link_libraries(turtle_spawn ${catkin_LIBRARIES}

终端输入

catkin_make

3. 运行客户端

1 终端1
roscore
2 终端2
rosrun turtlesim turtlesim_node
3 终端3
rosrun learning_service turtle_spawn

1.3 产生客户端(Python)

1. code

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

########################################################################
####          Copyright 2020 GuYueHome (www.guyuehome.com).          ###
########################################################################

# 该例程将请求/spawn服务，服务数据类型turtlesim::Spawn

import sys
import rospy
from turtlesim.srv import Spawn

def turtle_spawn():
	# ROS节点初始化
    rospy.init_node('turtle_spawn')

	# 发现/spawn服务后，创建一个服务客户端，连接名为/spawn的service
    rospy.wait_for_service('/spawn')
    try:
        add_turtle = rospy.ServiceProxy('/spawn', Spawn) #数据类型为Spawn

		# 请求服务调用，输入请求数据
        response = add_turtle(2.0, 2.0, 0.0, "turtle2")
        return response.name
    except rospy.ServiceException, e:
        print "Service call failed: %s"%e

if __name__ == "__main__":
	#服务调用并显示调用结果
    print "Spwan turtle successfully [name:%s]" %(turtle_spawn())

2. Run

1 终端1
roscore
2 终端2
rosrun turtlesim turtlesim_node
3 终端3
rosrun learning_service turtle_spawn.py

2 服务端Server实现

2.1 产生服务端(C++)

1. 代码

/***********************************************************************
Copyright 2020 GuYueHome (www.guyuehome.com).
***********************************************************************/

/**
 * 该例程将执行/turtle_command服务，服务数据类型std_srvs/Trigger
 */
 
#include <ros/ros.h>
#include <geometry_msgs/Twist.h>
#include <std_srvs/Trigger.h>

ros::Publisher turtle_vel_pub;
bool pubCommand = false;

// service回调函数，输入参数req，输出参数res
bool commandCallback(std_srvs::Trigger::Request  &req,
         			std_srvs::Trigger::Response &res)
{
	pubCommand = !pubCommand;

    // 显示请求数据
    ROS_INFO("Publish turtle velocity command [%s]", pubCommand==true?"Yes":"No");

	// 设置反馈数据,Trigger数据的内部定义
	res.success = true;
	res.message = "Change turtle command state!"

    return true;
}

int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
    // ROS节点初始化
    ros::init(argc, argv, "turtle_command_server");

    // 创建节点句柄
    ros::NodeHandle n;

    // 创建一个名为/turtle_command的server，注册回调函数commandCallback
    ros::ServiceServer command_service = n.advertiseService("/turtle_command", commandCallback);

	// 创建一个Publisher，发布名为/turtle1/cmd_vel的topic，消息类型为geometry_msgs::Twist，队列长度10
	turtle_vel_pub = n.advertise<geometry_msgs::Twist>("/turtle1/cmd_vel", 10);

    // 循环等待回调函数
    ROS_INFO("Ready to receive turtle command.");

	// 设置topic循环的频率
	ros::Rate loop_rate(10);

	while(ros::ok())
	{
		// 查看一次回调函数队列
    	ros::spinOnce();
		
		// 如果标志为true，则发布速度指令
		if(pubCommand)
		{
			geometry_msgs::Twist vel_msg;
			vel_msg.linear.x = 0.5;
			vel_msg.angular.z = 0.2;
			turtle_vel_pub.publish(vel_msg);
		}
		//按照循环频率延时
	    loop_rate.sleep();
	}
    return 0;
}

2. 编译
   添加以下语句到learning_service功能包下的cmakelist.txt中

add_executable(turtle_command_server src/turtle_command_server.cpp)
target_link_libraries(turtle_command_server ${catkin_LIBRARIES})

终端输入

catkin_make

3. 运行

1 终端1
roscore
2 终端2
rosrun turtlesim turtlesim_node
3 终端3
rosrun learning_service turtle_command_server
4 终端4
rosservice call /turtle_command "{}" 
//"{}" 是按两下tab自动补全实现的

2.2 产生服务端(Python)

1. 代码

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

########################################################################
####          Copyright 2020 GuYueHome (www.guyuehome.com).          ###
########################################################################

# 该例程将执行/turtle_command服务，服务数据类型std_srvs/Trigger

import rospy
import thread,time
from geometry_msgs.msg import Twist
from std_srvs.srv import Trigger, TriggerResponse

pubCommand = False;
turtle_vel_pub = rospy.Publisher('/turtle1/cmd_vel', Twist, queue_size=10)

def command_thread():	
	while True:
		if pubCommand:
			vel_msg = Twist()
			vel_msg.linear.x = 0.5
			vel_msg.angular.z = 0.2
			turtle_vel_pub.publish(vel_msg)
			
		time.sleep(0.1)

def commandCallback(req):
	global pubCommand
	pubCommand = bool(1-pubCommand)

	# 显示请求数据
	rospy.loginfo("Publish turtle velocity command![%d]", pubCommand)

	# 反馈数据
	return TriggerResponse(1, "Change turtle command state!")

def turtle_command_server():
	# ROS节点初始化
    rospy.init_node('turtle_command_server')

	# 创建一个名为/turtle_command的server，注册回调函数commandCallback
    s = rospy.Service('/turtle_command', Trigger, commandCallback)

	# 循环等待回调函数
    print "Ready to receive turtle command."

    thread.start_new_thread(command_thread, ())
    rospy.spin()

if __name__ == "__main__":
    turtle_command_server()

2. Run

1 终端1
roscore
2 终端2
rosrun turtlesim turtlesim_node
3 终端3
rosrun learning_service turtle_command_server.py
4 终端4
rosservice call /turtle_command "{}" 

3 服务数据的定义与使用

15集4分

3.1 自定义服务数据

1. 定义srv文件
   learning_service下新建srv文件夹，srv下新建Person.srv文件
   终端输入touch Person.srv

string name
uint8 age
uint8 sex

unit8 unknown=0
uint8 male=1
uint8 female=2
---
string result

[—]横线以上是request数据，以下是response数据

2. 在package.xml中添加功能包依赖

<build_depend>message_generation</build_depend>
<exec_depend>message_runtime</exec_depend>

3. 在cmakelist.txt添加编译选项

find_package(... message_generation)
add_service_files(FILES Person.srv)
generate_messages(DEPENDENCIES std_msgs)
catkin_package(... message_runtime)

4. 编译

catkin_make

编译完成之后会在devel下include对应文件夹下生成三个.h文件

3.2 创建Client

15集10分

/***********************************************************************
Copyright 2020 GuYueHome (www.guyuehome.com).
***********************************************************************/

/**
 * 该例程将请求/show_person服务，服务数据类型learning_service::Person
 */

#include <ros/ros.h>
#include "learning_service/Person.h"

int main(int argc, char** argv)
{
    // 初始化ROS节点
	ros::init(argc, argv, "person_client");

    // 创建节点句柄
	ros::NodeHandle node;

    // 发现/spawn服务后，创建一个服务客户端，连接名为/spawn的service
	ros::service::waitForService("/show_person");
//数据类型learning_service::Person数据对象/show_person
	ros::ServiceClient person_client = node.serviceClient<learning_service::Person>("/show_person");

    // 初始化learning_service::Person的请求数据
	learning_service::Person srv;
	srv.request.name = "Tom";
	srv.request.age  = 20;
	srv.request.sex  = learning_service::Person::Request::male;

    // 请求服务调用
	ROS_INFO("Call service to show person[name:%s, age:%d, sex:%d]", 
			 srv.request.name.c_str(), srv.request.age, srv.request.sex);

	person_client.call(srv);

	// 显示服务调用结果
	ROS_INFO("Show person result : %s", srv.response.result.c_str());

	return 0;
};

3.3 创建Server

/***********************************************************************
Copyright 2020 GuYueHome (www.guyuehome.com).
***********************************************************************/

/**
 * 该例程将执行/show_person服务，服务数据类型learning_service::Person
 */
 
#include <ros/ros.h>
#include "learning_service/Person.h"

// service回调函数，输入参数req，输出参数res
bool personCallback(learning_service::Person::Request  &req,
         			learning_service::Person::Response &res)
{
    // 显示请求数据
    ROS_INFO("Person: name:%s  age:%d  sex:%d", req.name.c_str(), req.age, req.sex);

	// 设置反馈数据
	res.result = "OK";

    return true;
}

int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
    // ROS节点初始化
    ros::init(argc, argv, "person_server");

    // 创建节点句柄
    ros::NodeHandle n;

    // 创建一个名为/show_person的server，注册回调函数personCallback
    ros::ServiceServer person_service = n.advertiseService("/show_person", personCallback);

    // 循环等待回调函数
    ROS_INFO("Ready to show person informtion.");
    ros::spin();

    return 0;
}

3.4 运行

1. 添加Cmakelist指令

add_executable(person_server src/person_server.cpp)
target_link_libraries(person_server ${catkin_LIBRARIES})
add_dependencies(person_server ${PROJECT_NAME}_gencpp)

add_executable(person_client src/person_client.cpp)
target_link_libraries(person_client ${catkin_LIBRARIES})
add_dependencies(person_client ${PROJECT_NAME}_gencpp)

2. 编译

catkin_make

编译之后并没有出现cpp所对应的可执行文件，没有其他错误的情况下，将上述cmake语句位置移到cmake同样语句功能(其他的add_execuable)的前面,便能成功编译了。

3. 运行

终端1
roscore
终端2
rosrun learning_service person_client
终端3
rosrun learning_service person_server