PCL计算两个点云的误差

这个要介绍一下，有三种方式计算误差，
1.索引值对应，intensity存储欧氏距离平方，rmse均方误差
2.以最近点为对应点，计算的方法同上
3.源点云与其在目标云中最近邻确定的平面上的投影进行配对。注意:目标云需要包含法线。
话不多说，直接上代码

#include <pcl/PCLPointCloud2.h>
#include <pcl/point_types.h>
#include <pcl/common/distances.h>
#include <pcl/io/pcd_io.h>
#include <pcl/console/print.h>
#include <pcl/console/parse.h>
#include <pcl/console/time.h>
#include <pcl/kdtree/kdtree_flann.h>


using namespace pcl;
using namespace pcl::io;
using namespace pcl::console;

std::string default_correspondence_type = "index";

void
printHelp (int, char **argv)
{
  print_error ("Syntax is: %s source.pcd target.pcd output_intensity.pcd <options>\n", argv[0]);
  print_info ("  where options are:\n");
  print_info ("                     -correspondence X = the way of selecting the corresponding pair in the target cloud for the current point in the source cloud\n");
  print_info ("                                         options are: index = points with identical indices are paired together. Note: both clouds need to have the same number of points\n");
  print_info ("                                                      nn = source point is paired with its nearest neighbor in the target cloud\n");
  print_info ("                                                      nnplane = source point is paired with its projection on the plane determined by the nearest neighbor in the target cloud. Note: target cloud needs to contain normals\n");
  print_info ("                                         (default: ");
  print_value ("%s", default_correspondence_type.c_str ()); print_info (")\n");
}

bool
loadCloud (const std::string &filename, pcl::PCLPointCloud2 &cloud)
{
  TicToc tt;
//  print_highlight ("Loading "); print_value ("%s ", filename.c_str ());

  tt.tic ();
  if (loadPCDFile (filename, cloud) < 0)
    return (false);
//  print_info ("[done, "); print_value ("%g", tt.toc ()); print_info (" seconds : "); print_value ("%d", cloud.width * cloud.height); print_info (" points]\n");
//  print_info ("Available dimensions: "); print_value ("%s\n", pcl::getFieldsList (cloud).c_str ());

  return (true);
}

void
compute (const pcl::PCLPointCloud2::ConstPtr &cloud_source, const pcl::PCLPointCloud2::ConstPtr &cloud_target,
         pcl::PCLPointCloud2 &output, std::string correspondence_type)
{
  // Estimate
  TicToc tt;
  tt.tic ();

  PointCloud<PointXYZ>::Ptr xyz_source (new PointCloud<PointXYZ> ());
  fromPCLPointCloud2 (*cloud_source, *xyz_source);
  PointCloud<PointXYZ>::Ptr xyz_target (new PointCloud<PointXYZ> ());
  fromPCLPointCloud2 (*cloud_target, *xyz_target);

  PointCloud<PointXYZI>::Ptr output_xyzi (new PointCloud<PointXYZI> ());
  output_xyzi->points.resize (xyz_source->points.size ());
  output_xyzi->height = cloud_source->height;
  output_xyzi->width = cloud_source->width;

  float rmse = 0.0f;

  if (correspondence_type == "index")
  {
//    print_highlight (stderr, "Computing using the equal indices correspondence heuristic.\n");

    if (xyz_source->points.size () != xyz_target->points.size ())
    {
      print_error ("Source and target clouds do not have the same number of points.\n");
      return;
    }

    for (size_t point_i = 0; point_i < xyz_source->points.size (); ++point_i)
    {
      if (!pcl_isfinite (xyz_source->points[point_i].x) || !pcl_isfinite (xyz_source->points[point_i].y) || !pcl_isfinite (xyz_source->points[point_i].z))
        continue;
      if (!pcl_isfinite (xyz_target->points[point_i].x) || !pcl_isfinite (xyz_target->points[point_i].y) || !pcl_isfinite (xyz_target->points[point_i].z))
        continue;


      float dist = squaredEuclideanDistance (xyz_source->points[point_i], xyz_target->points[point_i]);
      rmse += dist;

      output_xyzi->points[point_i].x = xyz_source->points[point_i].x;
      output_xyzi->points[point_i].y = xyz_source->points[point_i].y;
      output_xyzi->points[point_i].z = xyz_source->points[point_i].z;
      output_xyzi->points[point_i].intensity = dist;
    }
    rmse = std::sqrt (rmse / static_cast<float> (xyz_source->points.size ()));
  }
  else if (correspondence_type == "nn")
  {
//    print_highlight (stderr, "Computing using the nearest neighbor correspondence heuristic.\n");

    KdTreeFLANN<PointXYZ>::Ptr tree (new KdTreeFLANN<PointXYZ> ());
    tree->setInputCloud (xyz_target);

    for (size_t point_i = 0; point_i < xyz_source->points.size (); ++ point_i)
    {
      if (!pcl_isfinite (xyz_source->points[point_i].x) || !pcl_isfinite (xyz_source->points[point_i].y) || !pcl_isfinite (xyz_source->points[point_i].z))
        continue;

      std::vector<int> nn_indices (1);
      std::vector<float> nn_distances (1);
      if (!tree->nearestKSearch (xyz_source->points[point_i], 1, nn_indices, nn_distances))
        continue;
      size_t point_nn_i = nn_indices.front();

      float dist = squaredEuclideanDistance (xyz_source->points[point_i], xyz_target->points[point_nn_i]);
      rmse += dist;

      output_xyzi->points[point_i].x = xyz_source->points[point_i].x;
      output_xyzi->points[point_i].y = xyz_source->points[point_i].y;
      output_xyzi->points[point_i].z = xyz_source->points[point_i].z;
      output_xyzi->points[point_i].intensity = dist;
    }
    rmse = std::sqrt (rmse / static_cast<float> (xyz_source->points.size ()));

  }
  else if (correspondence_type == "nnplane")
  {
//    print_highlight (stderr, "Computing using the nearest neighbor plane projection correspondence heuristic.\n");

    PointCloud<Normal>::Ptr normals_target (new PointCloud<Normal> ());
    fromPCLPointCloud2 (*cloud_target, *normals_target);

    KdTreeFLANN<PointXYZ>::Ptr tree (new KdTreeFLANN<PointXYZ> ());
    tree->setInputCloud (xyz_target);

    for (size_t point_i = 0; point_i < xyz_source->points.size (); ++ point_i)
    {
      if (!pcl_isfinite (xyz_source->points[point_i].x) || !pcl_isfinite (xyz_source->points[point_i].y) || !pcl_isfinite (xyz_source->points[point_i].z))
        continue;

      std::vector<int> nn_indices (1);
      std::vector<float> nn_distances (1);
      if (!tree->nearestKSearch (xyz_source->points[point_i], 1, nn_indices, nn_distances))
        continue;
      size_t point_nn_i = nn_indices.front();

      Eigen::Vector3f normal_target = normals_target->points[point_nn_i].getNormalVector3fMap (),
          point_source = xyz_source->points[point_i].getVector3fMap (),
          point_target = xyz_target->points[point_nn_i].getVector3fMap ();

      float dist = normal_target.dot (point_source - point_target);
      rmse += dist * dist;

      output_xyzi->points[point_i].x = xyz_source->points[point_i].x;
      output_xyzi->points[point_i].y = xyz_source->points[point_i].y;
      output_xyzi->points[point_i].z = xyz_source->points[point_i].z;
      output_xyzi->points[point_i].intensity = dist * dist;
    }
    rmse = std::sqrt (rmse / static_cast<float> (xyz_source->points.size ()));
  }
  else
  {
//    print_error ("Unrecognized correspondence type. Check legal arguments by using the -h option\n");
    return;
  }

  toPCLPointCloud2 (*output_xyzi, output);

//  print_info ("[done, "); print_value ("%g", tt.toc ()); print_info (" seconds]\n");
  print_highlight ("RMSE Error: %f\n", rmse);
}

void
saveCloud (const std::string &filename, const pcl::PCLPointCloud2 &output)
{
  TicToc tt;
  tt.tic ();

//  print_highlight ("Saving "); print_value ("%s ", filename.c_str ());

  pcl::io::savePCDFile (filename, output);

//  print_info ("[done, "); print_value ("%g", tt.toc ()); print_info (" seconds : "); print_value ("%d", output.width * output.height); print_info (" points]\n");
}

/* ---[ */
int
main (int argc, char** argv)
{
//  print_info ("Compute the differences between two point clouds and visualizing them as an output intensity cloud. For more information, use: %s -h\n", argv[0]);

  if (argc < 4)
  {
    printHelp (argc, argv);
    return (-1);
  }

  // Parse the command line arguments for .pcd files
  std::vector<int> p_file_indices;
  p_file_indices = parse_file_extension_argument (argc, argv, ".pcd");
  if (p_file_indices.size () != 3)
  {
    print_error ("Need two input PCD files and one output PCD file to continue.\n");
    return (-1);
  }

  // Command line parsing
  std::string correspondence_type = default_correspondence_type;
  parse_argument (argc, argv, "-correspondence", correspondence_type);

  // Load the first file
  pcl::PCLPointCloud2::Ptr cloud_source (new pcl::PCLPointCloud2 ());
  if (!loadCloud (argv[p_file_indices[0]], *cloud_source))
    return (-1);
  // Load the second file
  pcl::PCLPointCloud2::Ptr cloud_target (new pcl::PCLPointCloud2 ());
  if (!loadCloud (argv[p_file_indices[1]], *cloud_target))
    return (-1);

  pcl::PCLPointCloud2 output;
  // Perform the feature estimation
  compute (cloud_source, cloud_target, output, correspondence_type);

  // Output the third file
  saveCloud (argv[p_file_indices[2]], output);
}

来源：PCL官方示例