CMakelists.txt
cmake_minimum_required( VERSION 2.8 )
project( vo1 )
set( CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE "Release" )
set( CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "-std=c++11 -O3" )
# 添加cmake模块以使用g2o
list( APPEND CMAKE_MODULE_PATH ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/cmake_modules )
find_package( OpenCV 3.1 REQUIRED )
# find_package( OpenCV REQUIRED ) # use this if in OpenCV2
find_package( G2O REQUIRED )
find_package( CSparse REQUIRED )
include_directories(
${OpenCV_INCLUDE_DIRS}
${G2O_INCLUDE_DIRS}
${CSPARSE_INCLUDE_DIR}
"/usr/include/eigen3/"
)
add_executable( feature_extraction feature_extraction.cpp )
target_link_libraries( feature_extraction ${OpenCV_LIBS} )
# add_executable( pose_estimation_2d2d pose_estimation_2d2d.cpp extra.cpp ) # use this if in OpenCV2
add_executable( pose_estimation_2d2d pose_estimation_2d2d.cpp )
target_link_libraries( pose_estimation_2d2d ${OpenCV_LIBS} )
# add_executable( triangulation triangulation.cpp extra.cpp) # use this if in opencv2
add_executable( triangulation triangulation.cpp )
target_link_libraries( triangulation ${OpenCV_LIBS} )
add_executable( pose_estimation_3d2d pose_estimation_3d2d.cpp )
target_link_libraries( pose_estimation_3d2d
${OpenCV_LIBS}
${CSPARSE_LIBRARY}
g2o_core g2o_stuff g2o_types_sba g2o_csparse_extension
)
add_executable( pose_estimation_3d3d pose_estimation_3d3d.cpp )
target_link_libraries( pose_estimation_3d3d
${OpenCV_LIBS}
g2o_core g2o_stuff g2o_types_sba g2o_csparse_extension
${CSPARSE_LIBRARY}
)
feature_extraction.cpp
#include <iostream>
#include <opencv2/core/core.hpp>
#include <opencv2/features2d/features2d.hpp>
#include <opencv2/highgui/highgui.hpp>
using namespace std;
using namespace cv;
int main ( int argc, char** argv )
{
if ( argc != 3 )//argv是参数的总数，系统自动提供一个参数，判断是否输入俩个字符串即argv[1],argv[2].
{
cout<<"usage: feature_extraction img1 img2"<<endl;
return 1;
}
//-- 读取图像
Mat img_1 = imread ( argv[1], CV_LOAD_IMAGE_COLOR );//按照彩色图像读入
Mat img_2 = imread ( argv[2], CV_LOAD_IMAGE_COLOR );
//-- 初始化
std::vector<KeyPoint> keypoints_1, keypoints_2;
Mat descriptors_1, descriptors_2;
Ptr<FeatureDetector> detector = ORB::create();
Ptr<DescriptorExtractor> descriptor = ORB::create();
// Ptr<FeatureDetector> detector = FeatureDetector::create(detector_name);
// Ptr<DescriptorExtractor> descriptor = DescriptorExtractor::create(descriptor_name);
Ptr<DescriptorMatcher> matcher = DescriptorMatcher::create ( "BruteForce-Hamming" );
//-- 第一步:检测 Oriented FAST 角点位置
detector->detect ( img_1,keypoints_1 );
detector->detect ( img_2,keypoints_2 );
//-- 第二步:根据角点位置计算 BRIEF 描述子
descriptor->compute ( img_1, keypoints_1, descriptors_1 );
descriptor->compute ( img_2, keypoints_2, descriptors_2 );
Mat outimg1;
drawKeypoints( img_1, keypoints_1, outimg1, Scalar::all(-1), DrawMatchesFlags::DEFAULT );
imshow("ORB特征点",outimg1);
//-- 第三步:对两幅图像中的BRIEF描述子进行匹配，使用 Hamming 距离
vector<DMatch> matches;
//BFMatcher matcher ( NORM_HAMMING );
matcher->match ( descriptors_1, descriptors_2, matches );
//-- 第四步:匹配点对筛选
double min_dist=10000, max_dist=0;
//找出所有匹配之间的最小距离和最大距离, 即是最相似的和最不相似的两组点之间的距离
for ( int i = 0; i < descriptors_1.rows; i++ )
{
double dist = matches[i].distance;
if ( dist < min_dist ) min_dist = dist;
if ( dist > max_dist ) max_dist = dist;
}
// 仅供娱乐的写法
min_dist = min_element( matches.begin(), matches.end(), [](const DMatch& m1, const DMatch& m2) {return m1.distance<m2.distance;} )->distance;
max_dist = max_element( matches.begin(), matches.end(), [](const DMatch& m1, const DMatch& m2) {return m1.distance<m2.distance;} )->distance;
printf ( "-- Max dist : %f \n", max_dist );
printf ( "-- Min dist : %f \n", min_dist );
//当描述子之间的距离大于两倍的最小距离时,即认为匹配有误.但有时候最小距离会非常小,设置一个经验值30作为下限.
std::vector< DMatch > good_matches;
for ( int i = 0; i < descriptors_1.rows; i++ )
{
if ( matches[i].distance <= max ( 2*min_dist, 30.0 ) )
{
good_matches.push_back ( matches[i] );
}
}
//-- 第五步:绘制匹配结果
Mat img_match;
Mat img_goodmatch;
drawMatches ( img_1, keypoints_1, img_2, keypoints_2, matches, img_match );
drawMatches ( img_1, keypoints_1, img_2, keypoints_2, good_matches, img_goodmatch );
imshow ( "所有匹配点对", img_match );
imshow ( "优化后匹配点对", img_goodmatch );
waitKey(0);
return 0;
}
pose_estimation_2d2d.cpp
#include <iostream>
#include <opencv2/core/core.hpp>
#include <opencv2/features2d/features2d.hpp>
#include <opencv2/highgui/highgui.hpp>
#include <opencv2/calib3d/calib3d.hpp>
// #include "extra.h" // use this if in OpenCV2
using namespace std;
using namespace cv;
/****************************************************
* 本程序演示了如何使用2D-2D的特征匹配估计相机运动
* **************************************************/
//寻找特征匹配函数声明
void find_feature_matches (
const Mat& img_1, const Mat& img_2,
std::vector<KeyPoint>& keypoints_1,
std::vector<KeyPoint>& keypoints_2,
std::vector< DMatch >& matches );
//相机位姿估计函数声明
void pose_estimation_2d2d (
std::vector<KeyPoint> keypoints_1,
std::vector<KeyPoint> keypoints_2,
std::vector< DMatch > matches,
Mat& R, Mat& t );
// 像素坐标转相机归一化坐标函数声明
Point2d pixel2cam ( const Point2d& p, const Mat& K );
//主函数
int main ( int argc, char** argv )
{
if ( argc != 3 )
{
cout<<"usage: pose_estimation_2d2d img1 img2"<<endl;
return 1;
}
//-- 读取图像
Mat img_1 = imread ( argv[1], CV_LOAD_IMAGE_COLOR );//彩色图读入图像
Mat img_2 = imread ( argv[2], CV_LOAD_IMAGE_COLOR );
vector<KeyPoint> keypoints_1, keypoints_2;
vector<DMatch> matches;
find_feature_matches ( img_1, img_2, keypoints_1, keypoints_2, matches );
cout<<"一共找到了"<<matches.size() <<"组匹配点"<<endl;
//-- 估计两张图像间运动
Mat R,t;
pose_estimation_2d2d ( keypoints_1, keypoints_2, matches, R, t );
//-- 验证E=t^R*scale
Mat t_x = ( Mat_<double> ( 3,3 ) <<
0, -t.at<double> ( 2,0 ), t.at<double> ( 1,0 ),
t.at<double> ( 2,0 ), 0, -t.at<double> ( 0,0 ),
-t.at<double> ( 1,0 ), t.at<double> ( 0,0 ), 0 );
cout<<"t^R="<<endl<<t_x*R<<endl;
//-- 验证对极约束
Mat K = ( Mat_<double> ( 3,3 ) << 520.9, 0, 325.1, 0, 521.0, 249.7, 0, 0, 1 );
for ( DMatch m: matches )
{
Point2d pt1 = pixel2cam ( keypoints_1[ m.queryIdx ].pt, K );
Mat y1 = ( Mat_<double> ( 3,1 ) << pt1.x, pt1.y, 1 );
Point2d pt2 = pixel2cam ( keypoints_2[ m.trainIdx ].pt, K );
Mat y2 = ( Mat_<double> ( 3,1 ) << pt2.x, pt2.y, 1 );
Mat d = y2.t() * t_x * R * y1;
cout << "epipolar constraint = " << d << endl;
}
return 0;
}
//函数寻找特征匹配点
void find_feature_matches ( const Mat& img_1, const Mat& img_2,
std::vector<KeyPoint>& keypoints_1,
std::vector<KeyPoint>& keypoints_2,
std::vector< DMatch >& matches )
{
//-- 初始化
Mat descriptors_1, descriptors_2;
// used in OpenCV3
Ptr<FeatureDetector> detector = ORB::create();
Ptr<DescriptorExtractor> descriptor = ORB::create();
// use this if you are in OpenCV2
// Ptr<FeatureDetector> detector = FeatureDetector::create ( "ORB" );
// Ptr<DescriptorExtractor> descriptor = DescriptorExtractor::create ( "ORB" );
Ptr<DescriptorMatcher> matcher = DescriptorMatcher::create ( "BruteForce-Hamming" );//暴力匹配——汉明距离
//-- 第一步:检测 Oriented FAST 角点位置
detector->detect ( img_1,keypoints_1 );
detector->detect ( img_2,keypoints_2 );
//-- 第二步:根据角点位置计算 BRIEF 描述子
descriptor->compute ( img_1, keypoints_1, descriptors_1 );
descriptor->compute ( img_2, keypoints_2, descriptors_2 );
//-- 第三步:对两幅图像中的BRIEF描述子进行匹配，使用 Hamming 距离
vector<DMatch> match;
//BFMatcher matcher ( NORM_HAMMING );
matcher->match ( descriptors_1, descriptors_2, match );
//-- 第四步:匹配点对筛选
double min_dist=10000, max_dist=0;
//找出所有匹配之间的最小距离和最大距离, 即是最相似的和最不相似的两组点之间的距离
for ( int i = 0; i < descriptors_1.rows; i++ )
{
double dist = match[i].distance;
if ( dist < min_dist ) min_dist = dist;
if ( dist > max_dist ) max_dist = dist;
}
printf ( "-- Max dist : %f \n", max_dist );
printf ( "-- Min dist : %f \n", min_dist );
//当描述子之间的距离大于两倍的最小距离时,即认为匹配有误.但有时候最小距离会非常小,设置一个经验值30作为下限.
for ( int i = 0; i < descriptors_1.rows; i++ )
{
if ( match[i].distance <= max ( 2*min_dist, 30.0 ) )
{
matches.push_back ( match[i] );
}
}
}
Point2d pixel2cam ( const Point2d& p, const Mat& K )
{
return Point2d
(
( p.x - K.at<double> ( 0,2 ) ) / K.at<double> ( 0,0 ),
( p.y - K.at<double> ( 1,2 ) ) / K.at<double> ( 1,1 )
);
}
//相机位姿估计函数
void pose_estimation_2d2d ( std::vector<KeyPoint> keypoints_1,
std::vector<KeyPoint> keypoints_2,
std::vector< DMatch > matches,
Mat& R, Mat& t )//关键点，匹配点，旋转矩阵，平移向量
{
// 相机内参,TUM Freiburg2
Mat K = ( Mat_<double> ( 3,3 ) << 520.9, 0, 325.1, 0, 521.0, 249.7, 0, 0, 1 );
//-- 把匹配点转换为vector<Point2f>的形式
vector<Point2f> points1;
vector<Point2f> points2;
for ( int i = 0; i < ( int ) matches.size(); i++ )
{
points1.push_back ( keypoints_1[matches[i].queryIdx].pt );
points2.push_back ( keypoints_2[matches[i].trainIdx].pt );
}
//-- 计算基础矩阵F
Mat fundamental_matrix;
fundamental_matrix = findFundamentalMat ( points1, points2, CV_FM_8POINT );
cout<<"fundamental_matrix is "<<endl<< fundamental_matrix<<endl;
//-- 计算本质矩阵E
Point2d principal_point ( 325.1, 249.7 ); //相机光心, TUM dataset标定值
double focal_length = 521; //相机焦距, TUM dataset标定值
Mat essential_matrix;
essential_matrix = findEssentialMat ( points1, points2, focal_length, principal_point );
cout<<"essential_matrix is "<<endl<< essential_matrix<<endl;
//-- 计算单应矩阵H
Mat homography_matrix;
homography_matrix = findHomography ( points1, points2, RANSAC, 3 );
//RANSAC(Random sample concensus,RANSAC)随机采样一致性，适用于很多带错误数据的情况。
cout<<"homography_matrix is "<<endl<<homography_matrix<<endl;
//-- 从本质矩阵中恢复旋转和平移信息.
recoverPose ( essential_matrix, points1, points2, R, t, focal_length, principal_point );
cout<<"R is "<<endl<<R<<endl;
cout<<"t is "<<endl<<t<<endl;
}
pose_estimation_3d2d.cpp
#include <iostream>
#include <opencv2/core/core.hpp>
#include <opencv2/features2d/features2d.hpp>
#include <opencv2/highgui/highgui.hpp>
#include <opencv2/calib3d/calib3d.hpp>
#include <Eigen/Core>
#include <Eigen/Geometry>
#include <g2o/core/base_vertex.h>
#include <g2o/core/base_unary_edge.h>
#include <g2o/core/block_solver.h>
#include <g2o/core/optimization_algorithm_levenberg.h>
#include <g2o/solvers/csparse/linear_solver_csparse.h>
#include <g2o/types/sba/types_six_dof_expmap.h>
#include <chrono>
using namespace std;
using namespace cv;
void find_feature_matches (
const Mat& img_1, const Mat& img_2,
std::vector<KeyPoint>& keypoints_1,
std::vector<KeyPoint>& keypoints_2,
std::vector< DMatch >& matches );
// 像素坐标转相机归一化坐标
Point2d pixel2cam ( const Point2d& p, const Mat& K );
void bundleAdjustment (
const vector<Point3f> points_3d,
const vector<Point2f> points_2d,
const Mat& K,
Mat& R, Mat& t
);
int main ( int argc, char** argv )
{
if ( argc != 5 )
{
cout<<"usage: pose_estimation_3d2d img1 img2 depth1 depth2"<<endl;
return 1;
}
//-- 读取图像
Mat img_1 = imread ( argv[1], CV_LOAD_IMAGE_COLOR );
Mat img_2 = imread ( argv[2], CV_LOAD_IMAGE_COLOR );
vector<KeyPoint> keypoints_1, keypoints_2;
vector<DMatch> matches;
find_feature_matches ( img_1, img_2, keypoints_1, keypoints_2, matches );
cout<<"一共找到了"<<matches.size() <<"组匹配点"<<endl;
// 建立3D点
Mat d1 = imread ( argv[3], CV_LOAD_IMAGE_UNCHANGED ); // 深度图为16位无符号数，单通道图像
Mat K = ( Mat_<double> ( 3,3 ) << 520.9, 0, 325.1, 0, 521.0, 249.7, 0, 0, 1 );
vector<Point3f> pts_3d;
vector<Point2f> pts_2d;
for ( DMatch m:matches )
{
ushort d = d1.ptr<unsigned short> (int ( keypoints_1[m.queryIdx].pt.y )) [ int ( keypoints_1[m.queryIdx].pt.x ) ];
if ( d == 0 ) // bad depth
continue;
float dd = d/5000.0;
Point2d p1 = pixel2cam ( keypoints_1[m.queryIdx].pt, K );
pts_3d.push_back ( Point3f ( p1.x*dd, p1.y*dd, dd ) );
pts_2d.push_back ( keypoints_2[m.trainIdx].pt );
}
cout<<"3d-2d pairs: "<<pts_3d.size() <<endl;
Mat r, t;
solvePnP ( pts_3d, pts_2d, K, Mat(), r, t, false ); // 调用OpenCV 的 PnP 求解，可选择EPNP，DLS等方法
Mat R;
cv::Rodrigues ( r, R ); // r为旋转向量形式，用Rodrigues公式转换为矩阵
cout<<"R="<<endl<<R<<endl;
cout<<"t="<<endl<<t<<endl;
cout<<"calling bundle adjustment"<<endl;
bundleAdjustment ( pts_3d, pts_2d, K, R, t );
}
void find_feature_matches ( const Mat& img_1, const Mat& img_2,
std::vector<KeyPoint>& keypoints_1,
std::vector<KeyPoint>& keypoints_2,
std::vector< DMatch >& matches )
{
//-- 初始化
Mat descriptors_1, descriptors_2;
// used in OpenCV3
Ptr<FeatureDetector> detector = ORB::create();
Ptr<DescriptorExtractor> descriptor = ORB::create();
// use this if you are in OpenCV2
// Ptr<FeatureDetector> detector = FeatureDetector::create ( "ORB" );
// Ptr<DescriptorExtractor> descriptor = DescriptorExtractor::create ( "ORB" );
Ptr<DescriptorMatcher> matcher = DescriptorMatcher::create ( "BruteForce-Hamming" );
//-- 第一步:检测 Oriented FAST 角点位置
detector->detect ( img_1,keypoints_1 );
detector->detect ( img_2,keypoints_2 );
//-- 第二步:根据角点位置计算 BRIEF 描述子
descriptor->compute ( img_1, keypoints_1, descriptors_1 );
descriptor->compute ( img_2, keypoints_2, descriptors_2 );
//-- 第三步:对两幅图像中的BRIEF描述子进行匹配，使用 Hamming 距离
vector<DMatch> match;
// BFMatcher matcher ( NORM_HAMMING );
matcher->match ( descriptors_1, descriptors_2, match );
//-- 第四步:匹配点对筛选
double min_dist=10000, max_dist=0;
//找出所有匹配之间的最小距离和最大距离, 即是最相似的和最不相似的两组点之间的距离
for ( int i = 0; i < descriptors_1.rows; i++ )
{
double dist = match[i].distance;
if ( dist < min_dist ) min_dist = dist;
if ( dist > max_dist ) max_dist = dist;
}
printf ( "-- Max dist : %f \n", max_dist );
printf ( "-- Min dist : %f \n", min_dist );
//当描述子之间的距离大于两倍的最小距离时,即认为匹配有误.但有时候最小距离会非常小,设置一个经验值30作为下限.
for ( int i = 0; i < descriptors_1.rows; i++ )
{
if ( match[i].distance <= max ( 2*min_dist, 30.0 ) )
{
matches.push_back ( match[i] );
}
}
}
Point2d pixel2cam ( const Point2d& p, const Mat& K )
{
return Point2d
(
( p.x - K.at<double> ( 0,2 ) ) / K.at<double> ( 0,0 ),
( p.y - K.at<double> ( 1,2 ) ) / K.at<double> ( 1,1 )
);
}
void bundleAdjustment (
const vector< Point3f > points_3d,
const vector< Point2f > points_2d,
const Mat& K,
Mat& R, Mat& t )
{
//注意g2o中的智能指针
// 初始化g2o
typedef g2o::BlockSolver< g2o::BlockSolverTraits<6,3> > Block; // pose 维度为 6, landmark 维度为 3
/*********************修改部分***************************/
//Block::LinearSolverType* linearSolver = new g2o::LinearSolverCSparse<Block::PoseMatrixType>(); // 线性方程求解器
std::unique_ptr<Block::LinearSolverType> linearSolver ( new g2o::LinearSolverCSparse<Block::PoseMatrixType>());
//Block* solver_ptr = new Block ( linearSolver );
//std::unique_ptr<Block> solver_ptr ( new Block ( linearSolver));
std::unique_ptr<Block> solver_ptr ( new Block ( std::move(linearSolver))); // 矩阵块求解器
//g2o::OptimizationAlgorithmLevenberg* solver = new g2o::OptimizationAlgorithmLevenberg ( solver_ptr);
g2o::OptimizationAlgorithmLevenberg* solver = new g2o::OptimizationAlgorithmLevenberg ( std::move(solver_ptr));
g2o::SparseOptimizer optimizer;
optimizer.setAlgorithm ( solver );
/*********************修改部分***************************/
// vertex
g2o::VertexSE3Expmap* pose = new g2o::VertexSE3Expmap(); // camera pose
Eigen::Matrix3d R_mat;
R_mat <<
R.at<double> ( 0,0 ), R.at<double> ( 0,1 ), R.at<double> ( 0,2 ),
R.at<double> ( 1,0 ), R.at<double> ( 1,1 ), R.at<double> ( 1,2 ),
R.at<double> ( 2,0 ), R.at<double> ( 2,1 ), R.at<double> ( 2,2 );
pose->setId ( 0 );
pose->setEstimate ( g2o::SE3Quat (
R_mat,
Eigen::Vector3d ( t.at<double> ( 0,0 ), t.at<double> ( 1,0 ), t.at<double> ( 2,0 ) )
) );
optimizer.addVertex ( pose );
int index = 1;
for ( const Point3f p:points_3d ) // landmarks
{
g2o::VertexSBAPointXYZ* point = new g2o::VertexSBAPointXYZ();
point->setId ( index++ );
point->setEstimate ( Eigen::Vector3d ( p.x, p.y, p.z ) );
point->setMarginalized ( true ); // g2o 中必须设置 marg 参见第十讲内容
optimizer.addVertex ( point );
}
// parameter: camera intrinsics
g2o::CameraParameters* camera = new g2o::CameraParameters (
K.at<double> ( 0,0 ), Eigen::Vector2d ( K.at<double> ( 0,2 ), K.at<double> ( 1,2 ) ), 0
);
camera->setId ( 0 );
optimizer.addParameter ( camera );
// edges
index = 1;
for ( const Point2f p:points_2d )
{
g2o::EdgeProjectXYZ2UV* edge = new g2o::EdgeProjectXYZ2UV();
edge->setId ( index );
edge->setVertex ( 0, dynamic_cast<g2o::VertexSBAPointXYZ*> ( optimizer.vertex ( index ) ) );
edge->setVertex ( 1, pose );
edge->setMeasurement ( Eigen::Vector2d ( p.x, p.y ) );
edge->setParameterId ( 0,0 );
edge->setInformation ( Eigen::Matrix2d::Identity() );
optimizer.addEdge ( edge );
index++;
}
chrono::steady_clock::time_point t1 = chrono::steady_clock::now();
optimizer.setVerbose ( true );
optimizer.initializeOptimization();
optimizer.optimize ( 100 );
chrono::steady_clock::time_point t2 = chrono::steady_clock::now();
chrono::duration<double> time_used = chrono::duration_cast<chrono::duration<double>> ( t2-t1 );
cout<<"optimization costs time: "<<time_used.count() <<" seconds."<<endl;
cout<<endl<<"after optimization:"<<endl;
cout<<"T="<<endl<<Eigen::Isometry3d ( pose->estimate() ).matrix() <<endl;
}
pose_estimation_3d3d.cpp
#include <iostream>
#include <opencv2/core/core.hpp>
#include <opencv2/features2d/features2d.hpp>
#include <opencv2/highgui/highgui.hpp>
#include <opencv2/calib3d/calib3d.hpp>
#include <Eigen/Core>
#include <Eigen/Geometry>
#include <Eigen/SVD>
#include <g2o/core/base_vertex.h>
#include <g2o/core/base_unary_edge.h>
#include <g2o/core/block_solver.h>
#include <g2o/core/optimization_algorithm_gauss_newton.h>
#include <g2o/solvers/eigen/linear_solver_eigen.h>
#include <g2o/types/sba/types_six_dof_expmap.h>
#include <chrono>
#include <g2o/core/optimization_algorithm_levenberg.h>
/************************修改部分******************************/
#include <g2o/solvers/csparse/linear_solver_csparse.h>
/************************修改部分******************************/
using namespace std;
using namespace cv;
void find_feature_matches (
const Mat& img_1, const Mat& img_2,
std::vector<KeyPoint>& keypoints_1,
std::vector<KeyPoint>& keypoints_2,
std::vector< DMatch >& matches );
// 像素坐标转相机归一化坐标
Point2d pixel2cam ( const Point2d& p, const Mat& K );
void pose_estimation_3d3d (
const vector<Point3f>& pts1,
const vector<Point3f>& pts2,
Mat& R, Mat& t
);
void bundleAdjustment(
const vector<Point3f>& points_3d,
const vector<Point3f>& points_2d,
Mat& R, Mat& t
);
// g2o edge
class EdgeProjectXYZRGBDPoseOnly : public g2o::BaseUnaryEdge<3, Eigen::Vector3d, g2o::VertexSE3Expmap>
{
public:
EIGEN_MAKE_ALIGNED_OPERATOR_NEW;
EdgeProjectXYZRGBDPoseOnly( const Eigen::Vector3d& point ) : _point(point) {}
virtual void computeError()
{
const g2o::VertexSE3Expmap* pose = static_cast<const g2o::VertexSE3Expmap*> ( _vertices[0] );
// measurement is p, point is p'
_error = _measurement - pose->estimate().map( _point );
}
virtual void linearizeOplus()
{
g2o::VertexSE3Expmap* pose = static_cast<g2o::VertexSE3Expmap *>(_vertices[0]);
g2o::SE3Quat T(pose->estimate());
Eigen::Vector3d xyz_trans = T.map(_point);
double x = xyz_trans[0];
double y = xyz_trans[1];
double z = xyz_trans[2];
_jacobianOplusXi(0,0) = 0;
_jacobianOplusXi(0,1) = -z;
_jacobianOplusXi(0,2) = y;
_jacobianOplusXi(0,3) = -1;
_jacobianOplusXi(0,4) = 0;
_jacobianOplusXi(0,5) = 0;
_jacobianOplusXi(1,0) = z;
_jacobianOplusXi(1,1) = 0;
_jacobianOplusXi(1,2) = -x;
_jacobianOplusXi(1,3) = 0;
_jacobianOplusXi(1,4) = -1;
_jacobianOplusXi(1,5) = 0;
_jacobianOplusXi(2,0) = -y;
_jacobianOplusXi(2,1) = x;
_jacobianOplusXi(2,2) = 0;
_jacobianOplusXi(2,3) = 0;
_jacobianOplusXi(2,4) = 0;
_jacobianOplusXi(2,5) = -1;
}
bool read ( istream& in ) {}
bool write ( ostream& out ) const {}
protected:
Eigen::Vector3d _point;
};
int main ( int argc, char** argv )
{
if ( argc != 5 )
{
cout<<"usage: pose_estimation_3d3d img1 img2 depth1 depth2"<<endl;
return 1;
}
//-- 读取图像
Mat img_1 = imread ( argv[1], CV_LOAD_IMAGE_COLOR );
Mat img_2 = imread ( argv[2], CV_LOAD_IMAGE_COLOR );
vector<KeyPoint> keypoints_1, keypoints_2;
vector<DMatch> matches;
find_feature_matches ( img_1, img_2, keypoints_1, keypoints_2, matches );
cout<<"一共找到了"<<matches.size() <<"组匹配点"<<endl;
// 建立3D点
Mat depth1 = imread ( argv[3], CV_LOAD_IMAGE_UNCHANGED ); // 深度图为16位无符号数，单通道图像
Mat depth2 = imread ( argv[4], CV_LOAD_IMAGE_UNCHANGED ); // 深度图为16位无符号数，单通道图像
Mat K = ( Mat_<double> ( 3,3 ) << 520.9, 0, 325.1, 0, 521.0, 249.7, 0, 0, 1 );
vector<Point3f> pts1, pts2;
for ( DMatch m:matches )
{
ushort d1 = depth1.ptr<unsigned short> ( int ( keypoints_1[m.queryIdx].pt.y ) ) [ int ( keypoints_1[m.queryIdx].pt.x ) ];
ushort d2 = depth2.ptr<unsigned short> ( int ( keypoints_2[m.trainIdx].pt.y ) ) [ int ( keypoints_2[m.trainIdx].pt.x ) ];
if ( d1==0 || d2==0 ) // bad depth
continue;
Point2d p1 = pixel2cam ( keypoints_1[m.queryIdx].pt, K );
Point2d p2 = pixel2cam ( keypoints_2[m.trainIdx].pt, K );
float dd1 = float ( d1 ) /5000.0;
float dd2 = float ( d2 ) /5000.0;
pts1.push_back ( Point3f ( p1.x*dd1, p1.y*dd1, dd1 ) );
pts2.push_back ( Point3f ( p2.x*dd2, p2.y*dd2, dd2 ) );
}
cout<<"3d-3d pairs: "<<pts1.size() <<endl;
Mat R, t;
pose_estimation_3d3d ( pts1, pts2, R, t );
cout<<"ICP via SVD results: "<<endl;
cout<<"R = "<<R<<endl;
cout<<"t = "<<t<<endl;
cout<<"R_inv = "<<R.t() <<endl;
cout<<"t_inv = "<<-R.t() *t<<endl;
cout<<"calling bundle adjustment"<<endl;
bundleAdjustment( pts1, pts2, R, t );
// verify p1 = R*p2 + t
for ( int i=0; i<5; i++ )
{
cout<<"p1 = "<<pts1[i]<<endl;
cout<<"p2 = "<<pts2[i]<<endl;
cout<<"(R*p2+t) = "<<
R * (Mat_<double>(3,1)<<pts2[i].x, pts2[i].y, pts2[i].z) + t
<<endl;
cout<<endl;
}
}
void find_feature_matches ( const Mat& img_1, const Mat& img_2,
std::vector<KeyPoint>& keypoints_1,
std::vector<KeyPoint>& keypoints_2,
std::vector< DMatch >& matches )
{
//-- 初始化
Mat descriptors_1, descriptors_2;
// used in OpenCV3
Ptr<FeatureDetector> detector = ORB::create();
Ptr<DescriptorExtractor> descriptor = ORB::create();
// use this if you are in OpenCV2
// Ptr<FeatureDetector> detector = FeatureDetector::create ( "ORB" );
// Ptr<DescriptorExtractor> descriptor = DescriptorExtractor::create ( "ORB" );
Ptr<DescriptorMatcher> matcher = DescriptorMatcher::create("BruteForce-Hamming");
//-- 第一步:检测 Oriented FAST 角点位置
detector->detect ( img_1,keypoints_1 );
detector->detect ( img_2,keypoints_2 );
//-- 第二步:根据角点位置计算 BRIEF 描述子
descriptor->compute ( img_1, keypoints_1, descriptors_1 );
descriptor->compute ( img_2, keypoints_2, descriptors_2 );
//-- 第三步:对两幅图像中的BRIEF描述子进行匹配，使用 Hamming 距离
vector<DMatch> match;
// BFMatcher matcher ( NORM_HAMMING );
matcher->match ( descriptors_1, descriptors_2, match );
//-- 第四步:匹配点对筛选
double min_dist=10000, max_dist=0;
//找出所有匹配之间的最小距离和最大距离, 即是最相似的和最不相似的两组点之间的距离
for ( int i = 0; i < descriptors_1.rows; i++ )
{
double dist = match[i].distance;
if ( dist < min_dist ) min_dist = dist;
if ( dist > max_dist ) max_dist = dist;
}
printf ( "-- Max dist : %f \n", max_dist );
printf ( "-- Min dist : %f \n", min_dist );
//当描述子之间的距离大于两倍的最小距离时,即认为匹配有误.但有时候最小距离会非常小,设置一个经验值30作为下限.
for ( int i = 0; i < descriptors_1.rows; i++ )
{
if ( match[i].distance <= max ( 2*min_dist, 30.0 ) )
{
matches.push_back ( match[i] );
}
}
}
Point2d pixel2cam ( const Point2d& p, const Mat& K )
{
return Point2d
(
( p.x - K.at<double> ( 0,2 ) ) / K.at<double> ( 0,0 ),
( p.y - K.at<double> ( 1,2 ) ) / K.at<double> ( 1,1 )
);
}
void pose_estimation_3d3d (
const vector<Point3f>& pts1,
const vector<Point3f>& pts2,
Mat& R, Mat& t
)
{
Point3f p1, p2; // center of mass
int N = pts1.size();
for ( int i=0; i<N; i++ )
{
p1 += pts1[i];
p2 += pts2[i];
}
p1 = Point3f( Vec3f(p1) / N);
p2 = Point3f( Vec3f(p2) / N);
vector<Point3f> q1 ( N ), q2 ( N ); // remove the center
for ( int i=0; i<N; i++ )
{
q1[i] = pts1[i] - p1;
q2[i] = pts2[i] - p2;
}
// compute q1*q2^T
Eigen::Matrix3d W = Eigen::Matrix3d::Zero();
for ( int i=0; i<N; i++ )
{
W += Eigen::Vector3d ( q1[i].x, q1[i].y, q1[i].z ) * Eigen::Vector3d ( q2[i].x, q2[i].y, q2[i].z ).transpose();
}
cout<<"W="<<W<<endl;
// SVD on W
Eigen::JacobiSVD<Eigen::Matrix3d> svd ( W, Eigen::ComputeFullU|Eigen::ComputeFullV );
Eigen::Matrix3d U = svd.matrixU();
Eigen::Matrix3d V = svd.matrixV();
if (U.determinant() * V.determinant() < 0)
{
for (int x = 0; x < 3; ++x)
{
U(x, 2) *= -1;
}
}
cout<<"U="<<U<<endl;
cout<<"V="<<V<<endl;
Eigen::Matrix3d R_ = U* ( V.transpose() );
Eigen::Vector3d t_ = Eigen::Vector3d ( p1.x, p1.y, p1.z ) - R_ * Eigen::Vector3d ( p2.x, p2.y, p2.z );
// convert to cv::Mat
R = ( Mat_<double> ( 3,3 ) <<
R_ ( 0,0 ), R_ ( 0,1 ), R_ ( 0,2 ),
R_ ( 1,0 ), R_ ( 1,1 ), R_ ( 1,2 ),
R_ ( 2,0 ), R_ ( 2,1 ), R_ ( 2,2 )
);
t = ( Mat_<double> ( 3,1 ) << t_ ( 0,0 ), t_ ( 1,0 ), t_ ( 2,0 ) );
}
void bundleAdjustment (
const vector< Point3f >& pts1,
const vector< Point3f >& pts2,
Mat& R, Mat& t )
{
// 初始化g2o
/*typedef g2o::BlockSolver< g2o::BlockSolverTraits<6,3> > Block; // pose维度为 6, landmark 维度为 3
//Block::LinearSolverType* linearSolver = new g2o::LinearSolverEigen<Block::PoseMatrixType>(); // 线性方程求解器
std::unique_ptr<Block::LinearSolverType> linearSolver(new g2o::LinerSolverEigen<Block::PoseMatrixType);
//Block* solver_ptr = new Block( linearSolver ); // 矩阵块求解器
std::unique_ptr<Block> solver_ptr(new Block ( std::move(linearSolver)));
//g2o::OptimizationAlgorithmGaussNewton* solver = new g2o::OptimizationAlgorithmGaussNewton( solver_ptr );
g2o::OptimizationAlgorithmGaussNewton* solver=new g2o::OptimizationAlgorithmGaussNewton(std::move(solver_ptr));
g2o::SparseOptimizer optimizer;
optimizer.setAlgorithm( solver );*/
/***********************修改部分***************************/
// 初始化g2o
typedef g2o::BlockSolver< g2o::BlockSolverTraits<6,3> > Block; // pose 维度为 6, landmark 维度为 3
//Block::LinearSolverType* linearSolver = new g2o::LinearSolverCSparse<Block::PoseMatrixType>(); // 线性方程求解器
std::unique_ptr<Block::LinearSolverType> linearSolver ( new g2o::LinearSolverEigen<Block::PoseMatrixType>());
//Block* solver_ptr = new Block ( linearSolver );
//std::unique_ptr<Block> solver_ptr ( new Block ( linearSolver));
std::unique_ptr<Block> solver_ptr ( new Block ( std::move(linearSolver))); // 矩阵块求解器
//g2o::OptimizationAlgorithmLevenberg* solver = new g2o::OptimizationAlgorithmLevenberg ( solver_ptr);
g2o::OptimizationAlgorithmGaussNewton* solver = new g2o::OptimizationAlgorithmGaussNewton ( std::move(solver_ptr));
g2o::SparseOptimizer optimizer;
optimizer.setAlgorithm ( solver );
/***********************修改部分***************************/
// vertex
g2o::VertexSE3Expmap* pose = new g2o::VertexSE3Expmap(); // camera pose
pose->setId(0);
pose->setEstimate( g2o::SE3Quat(
Eigen::Matrix3d::Identity(),
Eigen::Vector3d( 0,0,0 )
) );
optimizer.addVertex( pose );
// edges
int index = 1;
vector<EdgeProjectXYZRGBDPoseOnly*> edges;
for ( size_t i=0; i<pts1.size(); i++ )
{
EdgeProjectXYZRGBDPoseOnly* edge = new EdgeProjectXYZRGBDPoseOnly(
Eigen::Vector3d(pts2[i].x, pts2[i].y, pts2[i].z) );
edge->setId( index );
edge->setVertex( 0, dynamic_cast<g2o::VertexSE3Expmap*> (pose) );
edge->setMeasurement( Eigen::Vector3d(
pts1[i].x, pts1[i].y, pts1[i].z) );
edge->setInformation( Eigen::Matrix3d::Identity()*1e4 );
optimizer.addEdge(edge);
index++;
edges.push_back(edge);
}
chrono::steady_clock::time_point t1 = chrono::steady_clock::now();
optimizer.setVerbose( true );
optimizer.initializeOptimization();
optimizer.optimize(10);
chrono::steady_clock::time_point t2 = chrono::steady_clock::now();
chrono::duration<double> time_used = chrono::duration_cast<chrono::duration<double>>(t2-t1);
cout<<"optimization costs time: "<<time_used.count()<<" seconds."<<endl;
cout<<endl<<"after optimization:"<<endl;
cout<<"T="<<endl<<Eigen::Isometry3d( pose->estimate() ).matrix()<<endl;
}
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