Ros同一局域网下多机通信
由于 ROS 底层是基于 TCP/IP 的,所以如果希望节点运行在不同的机器上,就需要设置好机器之间的网络连接。
1:
- 查看IP地址:ifconfig
- 查看主机名称:hostname
2:修改/etc/hosts文件:
目的是将 ip 与两台电脑的 hostname 绑定,两台电脑之间通过 hostname 就可以找到对方。修改之后,ping ip 和 ping hostname 都可
以找到对方的信息。
将本机 ip 和本机 hostname 以及另外机器的 ip 和 hostname 都添加进 /etc/hosts。注意,两个之间是 tab 键,不是空格。(所有机器都需要做)
注:ubuntu和zbxavier-desktop是hostname
3:重启网络: sudo /etc/init.d/networking restart
4:两台电脑上装上 chrony 包,实现同步 sudo apt-get install chrony
5:在计划作为 master 的电脑端输入$sudo gedit .bashrc 打开 bash 文件,添加
export ROS_HOSTNAME=ubuntu #ubuntu hostname
export ROS_MASTER_URI=http://ubuntu:11311
6:在从机的电脑端输入$sudo gedit .bashrc 打开 bash 文件,添加
export ROS_HOSTNAME=zbxavier #从机用户名
export ROS_MASTER_URI=http://ubuntu:11311 # 主机 URI
7:在主机端输入roscore 运行 ROS_MASTER,从机不能输入roscore 运行 ROS_MASTER。
(从机需要运行时roscore,注释掉export ROS_MASTER_URI=http://ubuntu:11311 即可【但是这样的话两台机器,分别输入rostopic list会发现两者的topic不一致,所以不建议】, 或者主机不要通过roscore启动ros,而是通过launch文件来启动,比如说通过启动realsense相机【这种方式两台机器输入rostopic list 发现topic list 完全一致,所以建议以这种方式】)
8:主/从机端发布/订阅话题
如:
rosrun ros_test_pkg image_publisher XXX
rosrun ros_test_pkg image_listener
9:传输图象时候是否压缩以及压缩算法的选择都可参考源码,写的很详细!
对应c++代码
# 图片发布代码 image_publisher.cpp
#include <ros/ros.h>
#include <image_transport/image_transport.h>
#include <opencv2/highgui/highgui.hpp>
#include <cv_bridge/cv_bridge.h>
#include<ros/time.h>
//#include"opencv2/imgcodecs/legacy/constants_c.h"
int main(int argc, char** argv)
{
ros::init(argc, argv, "image_publisher");
ros::NodeHandle nh;
image_transport::ImageTransport it(nh);
auto pub = nh.advertise<sensor_msgs::CompressedImage>("a", 1);
cv::Mat image = cv::imread(argv[1], CV_LOAD_IMAGE_COLOR);
ROS_INFO("image size [%d, %d]", image.cols, image.rows);
cv_bridge::CvImage cvimg(std_msgs::Header(), "bgr8", image);
ros::Rate loop_rate(5);
while (nh.ok()) {
ros::Time begin = ros::Time::now();
double secbegin=begin.toSec();
ROS_INFO("I Published [%f]",secbegin);
auto msg = cvimg.toCompressedImageMsg(cv_bridge::JPG);
msg->header.stamp = begin;
pub.publish(msg);
ros::spinOnce();
loop_rate.sleep();
}
}
# 图片订阅代码 image_listener.cpp
#include <ros/ros.h>
#include <image_transport/image_transport.h>
#include <opencv2/highgui/highgui.hpp>
#include <opencv2/opencv.hpp>
#include <cv_bridge/cv_bridge.h>
#include <ros/time.h>
//#include"opencv2/imgcodecs/legacy/constants_c.h"
cv::Mat img_orig;
void imageCallback(const sensor_msgs::CompressedImageConstPtr& msg)
{
try
{
// 解压缩
auto received_img = cv_bridge::toCvCopy(msg, "bgr8")->image;
// 计时并显示
ROS_INFO("recive cost :[%f sec]", ros::Time::now().toSec() - msg->header.stamp.toSec());
ROS_INFO("image size %d, %d", received_img.cols, received_img.rows);
ROS_INFO("img orig size %d %d", img_orig.cols, img_orig.rows);
// 显示接收到的图像
//cv::imshow("received_img", received_img);
// 将原图与接收到的图像进行相减
auto diff = cv::abs(img_orig - received_img);
cv::Mat diff_norm;
cv::normalize(diff, diff_norm, 0, 255, cv::NORM_MINMAX);
cv::imwrite("diff_norm.bmp", diff_norm);
cv::Mat diff_gray;
cv::cvtColor(diff, diff_gray, cv::COLOR_BGR2GRAY);
auto meanval = cv::mean(diff);
double maxval;
cv::Point maxloc;
cv::minMaxLoc(diff_gray, 0, &maxval, 0, &maxloc);
ROS_INFO("b mean %lf, g mean %lf, r mean %lf", meanval[0], meanval[1], meanval[2]);
ROS_INFO("diff val %lf @ (%d, %d)", maxval, maxloc.x, maxloc.y);
cv::imwrite("diff.bmp", diff);
// 显示相减后的图像
//cv::imshow("diff", diff);
}
catch (cv_bridge::Exception& e)
{
}
}
int main(int argc, char** argv)
{
ros::init(argc, argv, "image_listener");
ros::NodeHandle nh;
//cv::namedWindow("received_img");
//cv::namedWindow("diff");
cv::startWindowThread();
// 读取原图,必须与发送的图像一样,而且发送是BMP格式
img_orig = cv::imread("1.bmp"); // 一定要发送bmp文件
auto sub = nh.subscribe<sensor_msgs::CompressedImage>("a", 1, imageCallback);
ros::spin();
//cv::destroyWindow("received_img");
//cv::destroyWindow("diff");
}
CMakeList.txt
cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.0.2)
project(ros_test_pkg)
## Compile as C++11, supported in ROS Kinetic and newer
# add_compile_options(-std=c++11)
## Find catkin macros and libraries
## if COMPONENTS list like find_package(catkin REQUIRED COMPONENTS xyz)
## is used, also find other catkin packages
find_package(catkin REQUIRED COMPONENTS
cv_bridge
image_transport
roscpp
rospy
std_msgs
sensor_msgs
)
find_package(OpenCV REQUIRED)
###################################
## catkin specific configuration ##
###################################
## The catkin_package macro generates cmake config files for your package
## Declare things to be passed to dependent projects
## INCLUDE_DIRS: uncomment this if your package contains header files
## LIBRARIES: libraries you create in this project that dependent projects also need
## CATKIN_DEPENDS: catkin_packages dependent projects also need
## DEPENDS: system dependencies of this project that dependent projects also need
catkin_package(
# INCLUDE_DIRS include
# LIBRARIES ros_test_pkg
# CATKIN_DEPENDS roscpp std_msgs
# DEPENDS system_lib
)
###########
## Build ##
###########
## Specify additional locations of header files
## Your package locations should be listed before other locations
include_directories(
# include
${catkin_INCLUDE_DIRS}
)
#添加 ${OpenCV_INCLUDE_DIRS}
include_directories(
./include
${OpenCV_INCLUDE_DIRS}
${catkin_INCLUDE_DIRS}
${OpenCV_LIBRARY_DIRS}
)
add_executable(image_publisher ~/catkin_ws2/src/ros_test_pkg/src/image_publisher.cpp)
target_link_libraries(image_publisher
${OpenCV_LIBRARIES}
${catkin_LIBRARIES}
)
# add_dependencies(image_publisher )
add_executable(image_listener ~/catkin_ws2/src/ros_test_pkg/src/image_listener.cpp)
target_link_libraries(image_listener
${OpenCV_LIBRARIES}
${catkin_LIBRARIES}
)
# add_dependencies(image_listener )
package.xml
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<package format="2">
<name>ros_test_pkg</name>
<version>0.0.0</version>
<description>The ros_test_pkg package</description>
<!-- One maintainer tag required, multiple allowed, one person per tag -->
<!-- Example: -->
<!-- <maintainer email="jane.doe@example.com">Jane Doe</maintainer> -->
<maintainer email="grzhang@todo.todo">grzhang</maintainer>
<!-- One license tag required, multiple allowed, one license per tag -->
<!-- Commonly used license strings: -->
<!-- BSD, MIT, Boost Software License, GPLv2, GPLv3, LGPLv2.1, LGPLv3 -->
<license>TODO</license>
<buildtool_depend>catkin</buildtool_depend>
<build_depend>cv_bridge</build_depend>
<build_depend>image_transport</build_depend>
<build_depend>roscpp</build_depend>
<build_depend>rospy</build_depend>
<build_depend>std_msgs</build_depend>
<build_depend>opencv2</build_depend>
<build_export_depend>cv_bridge</build_export_depend>
<build_export_depend>image_transport</build_export_depend>
<build_export_depend>roscpp</build_export_depend>
<build_export_depend>rospy</build_export_depend>
<build_export_depend>std_msgs</build_export_depend>
<build_export_depend>opencv2</build_export_depend>
<exec_depend>cv_bridge</exec_depend>
<exec_depend>image_transport</exec_depend>
<exec_depend>roscpp</exec_depend>
<exec_depend>rospy</exec_depend>
<exec_depend>std_msgs</exec_depend>
<exec_depend>opencv2</exec_depend>
<!-- The export tag contains other, unspecified, tags -->
<export>
<!-- Other tools can request additional information be placed here -->
</export>
</package>