2022 年 6 月大学英语四级考试真题（第 1 套）——解析版

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2022年06月大学英语四级考试真题(第1套)

Part I Writing (30minutes)

Directions:Suppose you are going to write aproposal to your school library for improving its service.You are to write about its current problems and possible solutions to these problems. You will have 30 minutes to write the proposal.You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
假设你要给你的学校图书馆写一份改善其服务的提案。你要写它目前的问题和可能解决这些问题的办法。你有30分钟的时间写提案。你应该写至少120字，但不超过180字。

审题

范文

A Proposal on Improving Library Service

  【1】The school library is an important resource for university study.Making full use of the academic resources in the library can benefit college students a lot.【2】However, it fails to meet the demands of students in several aspects, It is high time to improve library service.
  【3】One of students’ complaints is insufficient support from librarians,especially when IT support is needed.【4】Therefore, relevant training courses should be offered so that librarians can provide better and timely help. 【5】The second aspect is about the opening hours of our library, from 8:00 am to 10:00 pm, which many students think is too short in times of final exams and while preparing for the postgraduate entrance exam.【6】So I suggest that opening hours be extended from 6 ;00 am to 11 :30 pm with help of student volunteers.
  【7】With the above suggestions taken into consideration, I believe, students’ satisfaction will climb, school library will embrace new development and our university will have a brighter future.

点评

【1】介绍图书馆的重要作用。
【2】使用However转折引出图书馆的不足。
【3】介绍图书馆管理员在解决学生问题方面尚需改进，并在【4】中提出培训的解决方案。
【5】介绍图书馆开放时间不能满足学生需求的问题。
【6】提出延长开放时间的建议。
【7】总结全文，表达期望。

词汇

lounge areas 休闲区
reserve aseat 预约座位
electronic resources 电子资源
temporary closure 临时闭馆
lost and damaged books 书籍损毁
locker 储物柜
open around the clock 24 小时开馆
database use 数据库使用
self-service machines 自助(借还书、查询)机
photocopied articles 影印文档
academic services 学术活动服务
inter-library loans 馆际互借

Part II Listening Comprehension (25 minutes)

Section A

Directions:In this section,you will hear three news reports.At the end of each news report,you will hear two or three questions.Both the news report and the questions will bespoken only once.After you hear a question,you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A,B,C and D.Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.

Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.

  A new study finds that beverages containing added sugar might be harmful.
  In the study,researchers analyzed information from over 80,000 women and 37,000 men.Participants worked in the health profession.(1)They were followed for approximately three decades. They completed surveys about their diet every four years.They also answered questions about sleep and exercise and health every two years.
  The more beverages containing added sugar that people drank,the greater their risk of death was during the study period.
  These beverages included soda,energy drinks and sports drinks.Beverages like pure fruit juice which are sweet but do not contain added sugar were not part of the study.
  The findings held even after the researchers considered other factors that could affect people’s health. These factors included lack of exercise and not eating enough vegetables.They also included consuming too much meat.
  (2) The scientists say that their results support limiting beverages with added sugar.They argue we should replace them with other drinks,with water being the best choice. However,the researchers admit this is simply their recommendation.The study found only an association:It did not prove that drinks with added sugar cause early death.

2022-06-01-01.—开头第四句，难—无原词复现，同义替换“three decade”替换为“thirty years”

1. A. It studied the effects of exercise on sleep.
   B. Its participants came from various walks of life.
   C. Its findings confirmed those of previous studies.
   D. It ran for as long as some thirty years.

1. A.它研究了运动对睡眠的影响。
B.参加者来自各行各业。
C.它的发现证实了以前的研究。
D.它持续了大约30年。

1.What do we learn about the new study from the news report?
D【精析】事实细节题。新闻开头提到，在一项新研究中，其研究对象被随访了大约三十年。由此可知，这项研究进行了大约三十年。因此，答案为D。

2022-06-01-02.—结尾第三句—原词复现，但是顺序倒了，难

2. A. Eating more vegetables instead of meats.
   B. Drinking water instead of beverages with added sugar.
   C. Consuming more energy drinks and sports drinks.
   D. Forming the habit of exercising regularly.

2. A.多吃蔬菜，少吃肉。
B.喝水而不是喝添加糖的饮料。
C.多喝能量饮料和运动饮料。
D.养成定期锻炼的习惯。

2.What is the scientists’recommendation?
B【精析】事实细节题。新闻末尾提到，科学家的研究结果支持限制添加糖的饮料，他们认为人们应该用其他饮料代替添加糖的饮料，而水是最好的选择。因此，答案为 B。

Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.

  (3-1) German police appealed Friday for information about the possible owners of two 17th-century oil paintings.
  (3-2) Police said a 64-year-old man found the paintings in a garbage pile at a highway rest stop last month. He later handed them in to the Cologne police.
  (4) An initial assessment by an art expert concluded the two framed paintings were originals,police said.
  One is a landscape painted by the Italian artist Pietro Bellotti dating to 1665.The other is a painting of a boy by the 17th-century Dutch artist Samuel van Hoogstraten,date unknown.Their combined worth is estimated to be around one million euros.
  Authorities have not yet confirmed what will happen if the rightful owner is not found.Nevertheless,it is speculated that they could either be handed over to the National Art Museum of Cologne or sold to the public by the local government.

2022-06-01-03.—开头第一二句—原词复现四个“two 17th-century oil paintings”

3. A. He asked them about his lost paintings.
   B. He knew the owner of two missing paintings.
   C. He left his paintings at a highway rest stop.
   D. He found two 17th-century oil paintings.

3. A.他问他们关于他丢失的画的事。
B.他认识两幅失踪画作的主人。
C.他把画忘在高速公路休息站了。
D.他发现了两幅17世纪的油画。

3.What did German police say about a64-year-old man?
D【精析】细节推断题。新闻开头提到，德国警方于周五发出呼吁，征求有关两幅17世纪的油画可能的所有者的信息。一名64岁的男子上个月在高速公路休息站的垃圾堆中发现了这两幅画作。由此推断，这位64岁的男子发现了两幅17世纪的油画 。

2022-06-01-04.—结尾第七句，根本找不到—原词复现1个“originals”

4. A. They are imitations.
   B. They are originals.
   C. They were stolen by an Italian boy.
   D. They came from the same artist.

4. A.它们是仿制品。
B.它们是原作。
C.它们被一个意大利男孩偷走了。
D.出自同一位艺术家之手。

4.What is the art expert’s conclusion about the two framed paintings?
B【精析】事实细节题。新闻中提到，警方称，一名艺术专家经初步评估得出结论，这两幅镶框画是原作。因此，答案为 B。

Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.

  (5) A four-year-old girl has walked eight kilometers through a snowy forest to seek help for her sick grandmother who later died of a heart attack. The young girl braved the threat of bears,wolves and temperatures far below freezing.She made the journey through a remote region in Siberia after waking up to find her grandmother motionless.
  Named locally as Karla,she lives alone with her elderly grandmother and her blind grandfather.(6)As a result,the girl’s mother is facing a criminal case.She stands accused of leaving a minor in danger in the care of the elderly. She also faces investigation from childcare services,who will also be asking why Karla was left alone with her vulnerable relatives.
  The journey took place in February when temperatures average negative 26 degrees Celsius.Russian reports on social media suggest the forest may have been as cold as negative 34 degrees Celsius.The journey was only recently confirmed by authorities.
  (7) But though she was suffering from the effects of extreme cold,the child reportedly suffered no life-threatening effects. Last year,a three-year-old boy survived alone for three days in a remote forest in the same region.

2022-06-01-05.—开头第一句—原词复现三个“her sick grandmother”

5. A. Look after her grandfather.
   B. Leave the remote cold region.
   C. Save her sick grandmother.
   D. Flee from the threat of bears.

5. A.照顾她的祖父。
B.离开遥远寒冷的地区。
C.拯救她生病的祖母。
D.逃离熊的威胁。

5.What did the four-year-old girl attempt to do?
C【精析】事实细节题。新闻开头提到，一个四岁的女孩步行八千米穿过一片白雪皑皑的森林，为她生病的祖母寻求帮助。由此可知，这位小女孩是想救她生病的祖母。

2022-06-01-06.—开头第五句—原词复现三个“face a criminal”

6. A. She has to face a criminal charge.
   B. She was found lying motionless in the snow.
   C. She searched for her daughter in freezing cold.
   D. She works in childcare services.

6. A.她必须面对刑事指控。
B.她被发现一动不动地躺在雪地里。
C.她在严寒中寻找她的女儿。
D.她在托儿服务机构工作。

6.What do we learn from the news report about the girl’s mother?
A【精析】事实细节题。新闻中提到，那位女孩的母亲将会面临刑事指控。她被指控把一名未成年人留给老人照顾，将其置于危险之中。因此，答案为A。

2022-06-01-07.—结尾第二句—原词复现七个“She … suffer from the effects of … cold”

7. A. She was found in a forest after three days.
   B. She lay totally unconscious forthree days.
   C. She suffered from the effects of severe cold.
   D. She was finally rescued by herrelatives.

7. A.3天后，她在森林里被发现。
B.她完全失去知觉躺了三天。
C.她遭受了严寒的影响。
D.她最终被亲戚们救了出来。

7.What happened to the little girl according to the news report?
C【精析】事实细节题。新闻中提到，虽然女孩正遭受极寒所带来的影响，但据报道她没有生命危险。 因此，答案为C。

Section B

Directions: In this section,you will hear two long conversations.At the end of each conversation,you will hear four questions.Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once.Afier you hear a question,you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A,B,C and D.Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet I with a single line through the centre.

Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

W一：I’ve made a new friend recently.Her name is Susan and she’s from South Africa.
M一：How did you meet her?

W二：We met over WeChat.She has very cool photos on her social media.The photos of her hometown look amazing.
M二：(8-1) What’s her hometown called?

W三：(8-2) It’s called Cape Town.It’s in the southwest of South Africa.She says it’s very green and windy.The city was built by European settlers.And there’s a big mountain that overlooks the city.(9)The mountain is called Table Mountain because it’s flat at the top.

M三：That sounds interesting.What are the people there like?

W四：Well,Susan says South Africa is very mixed.There are black people and white people and Indian people. (10)Susan is white.She says her ancestors were from Britain.Many languages are spoken in South Africa, but she only speaks English.

M四：Didn’t South Africa host the Football World Cup a few years ago?They must play football a lot then,right?

W五：(11) I think they play football,but it’s not as popular as rugby.

M五：Rugby?What’s rugby?

W六：Rugby is a sport with two teams and the players carry the ball in their arms and throw it at each other.The ball is not round and the players push each other.I don’t really understand the rules.I think it’s very complicated.

M六：That sounds like a very strange sport indeed.Is it only South Africa that plays it?

W七：No,it’s also popular in Britain and in other former British colonies like Australia and New Zealand.

2022-06-01-08.—女三第一句—原词复现两个“Cape Town”

8. A. She shows a real passion for taking photos.
   B. She has just returned from her hometown.
   C. She comes from the city of Cape Town.
   D. She has a truly amazing appearance.

8. A.她对摄影表现出一种真正的热情。
B.她刚从家乡回来。
C.她来自开普敦。
D.她的外表真的很迷人。

8.What does the woman say about her new friend Susan?
C【精析】事实细节题。对话开头，女士提到她在微信上交了个新朋友名叫苏珊，男士问苏珊的家乡是哪里，女士回答是开普敦。因此，答案为C。

2022-06-01-09.—女三第五句—原词复现三个“at the top”

9. A. It is as famous as Cape Town.
   B. It has a flat surface at the top.
   C. It is green and free from pollution.
   D. It was named by European settlers.

9. A.它和开普敦一样有名。
B.它的顶部是平坦的。
C.绿色无污染。
D.它是由欧洲殖民者命名的。

9.What does the woman say about Table Mountain?
B【精析】事实细节题。女士介绍开普敦时提到这座城市里有一座俯瞰城市的大山被称为桌山，因为它的顶部是平坦的。因此，答案为B。

2022-06-01-10.—女四第四句—原词复现两个“Britain … ancestor”

10. A. She has British ancestors.
    B. She is of mixed blood.
    C. She grew up in India.
    D. She speaks several languages.

10. A.她有英国祖先。
B.她是混血儿。
C.她在印度长大。
D.她会说几种语言。

10.What do we learn from the conversation about the woman’s friend Susan?
A 【精析】事实细节题。对话中女士提到苏珊是白人，她的祖先来自英国。因此，答案为A。

2022-06-01-11.—女五第一句—原词复现两个“popular … football”，但是倒序

11. A. It is an extremely violent sport.
    B. It is becoming a national sport.
    C. It is originated in NewZealand.
    D. It is more popular than football.

11. A.这是一项非常暴力的运动。
B.它正在成为一项全国性的运动。
C.它起源于新西兰。
D.它比足球更受欢迎。

11.What does the woman say about rugby in South Africa?
D【 精析】细节推断题。对话中男士和女士谈到足球运动，男士提到南非举办过足球世界杯，于是推测那里的人肯定经常踢足球。女士认为他们会踢足球，但足球不像橄榄球那么受欢迎。由此推断，橄榄球在南非比足球更受欢迎。因此，答案为D。

Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

M一：Hi,Jennifer.I’m really struggling with this semester’s workload.Do you have any advice?

W一：(12) Have you considered making a study guide? It’s a tool you can make yourself to take the stress out of studying.I’ve been using one since the start of last semester,and it has really helped relieve a lot of study pressure.

M二：Sounds like just what I need.(13)My main problem is that my study folder is full of notes and worksheets, and is badly disorganized. I don’t know where to start.

W二：Okay.Well,the main thing is to have everything in the right place.Whatever you’re reviewing,it’s important that it’s arranged for your particular needs of that subject,and in the most user-friendly way you can.What kind of learner are you?

M三：Um,I’m not sure.

W三：Well,visual learners prefer using images,pictures,colors,and maps to organize information.Logical learners have a linear mind and would rather use logic,reasoning and systems.(14)I’m an emotional learner,which means I need to connect to information emotionally to understand it.

M四：Oh!I’m very much dependent on vision as a way of taking in information.

W四：(15-1) Well,I suggest reorganizing your notes using color-coded sections in your study guides,or using idea mapping to lay out the information and make it more quickly accessible.

M五：(15-2) So you think I should arrange my notes using color and pictures in place of text.

W五：(15-3) Yes, you’ll probably start to grasp information a lot quicker that way.As an emotional learner,I organize my notes into a story that I can connect to and recite to myself.

M六：That’s amazing.I didn’t know there were so many different ways to learn.

2022-06-01-12.—女一第一句—原词复现三个“a study guide”

12. A. Prepare a study guide.
    B. Consult his advisors.
    C. Go over his notes regularly.
    D. Take stress-relief sessions.

12. A.准备一份学习指南。
B.咨询他的顾问。
C.定期复习他的笔记。
D.参加减压课程。

12.What does the woman advise the man do?
A 【 精析】细节推断题。对话开头，男士抱怨这学期的课业让他很痛苦并咨询女士的建议，女士反问男士是否考虑过准备一份学习指南，这就是女士的建议，故答案为A。

2022-06-01-13.—男二第二句—原词复现全部，但是中间隔开了

13. A. His worksheets are terribly messy.
    B. He finds the workload too heavy.
    C. His study folder is badly disorganized.
    D. He has difficulty taking notesquickly.

13. A.他的工作表太乱了。
B.他觉得工作量太重了。
C.他的学习文件夹很乱。
D.他很难快速记笔记。

13.What is the biggest problem the man has with his studies?
C 【精析】事实细节题。对话中男士指出自己的主要问题是学习文件夹里塞满了笔记和活页练习题，而且杂乱无章。因此，答案为C。

2022-06-01-14.—女三第三句—原词复现全部

14. A. A visual learner.
    B. An emotional learner.
    C. An organized learner.
    D. A logical learner.

14. A.视觉学习者。
B.情绪化的学习者。
C.有条理的学习者。
D.逻辑学习者。

14.What kind of learner does the woman say she is?
B【精析】事实细节题。对话中女士向男士介绍了不同的学习者，有视觉学习者、逻辑学习者等，她是情感学习者，需要从情感上与信息互联来理解内容。因此，答案为B。

2022-06-01-15.—男五第一句—原词复现全部，但是宾语省略了

15. A. Arrange them using color and pictures.
    B. Restructure them in a logical way.
    C. Commit them to memory after class.
    D. Organize them into a well-connected story.

15. A.用颜色和图片排列它们。
B.以一种合乎逻辑的方式重组它们。
C.课后记住。
D.将它们组织成一个联系紧密的故事。

15.What does the woman think the man can do with his notes?
A【精析】细节推断题。对话中，女士了解到男士是视觉学习者后，建议他在学习指南中使用彩色编码来整理笔记，或者使用思维导图来展示信息，使其更易懂。接着男士再次转述了女士的意思，并得到了女士的肯定回答。由此可知，女士认为男士可以用色彩和图画的形式做笔记。因此，答案为 A。

Section C

Directions: In this section,you will hear three passages At the end of each passage,you will hear three or four questions.Both the passage and the questions will bespoken only once.Afier you hear a question,you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A,B,C and D.Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet I with a single line through the centre.

Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.

  (16) The golden rule is a moral principle which states that you should treat others the way you want to be treated yourself. For example,if you want people to treat you with respect,you should treat them with respect.
  Different people tend to be exposed to different forms of the golden rule,based on factors such as the religion in their society.
  However,all forms of the golden rule revolve around the same concept.Namely,they help you treat others better,by using the way you yourself would want to be treated as a guide of how to behave.
  (17) A notable criticism of the golden rule is that its application can lead to undesirable outcomes,when it conflicts with laws and ethical principles.
  For example,if someone breaks the law,the golden rule would suggest that we should let them go,because we would not want to be punished ourselves.
  However,this issue with the golden rule can be dealt with in a general manner,by viewing this principle as one of several principles that we use to guide our behavior as individuals and as a society.
  Specifically,in the example described above,(18)most individuals and societies choose to place laws and ethical principles above the golden rule.This means that they strive to implement the golden rule whenever possible,as long as it doesn’t clash with a more important concept.

2022-06-01-16.—开头第一句—原词复现三个“a moral principle”

16. A. It is mainly based on a society’s religion.
    B. It is interpreted differently in different times.
    C. It is a code of conduct based on laws and ethics.
    D. It is a moral principle to guide people’s behavior.

16. A.它主要基于一个社会的宗教。
B.在不同的时代有不同的解释。
它是一种基于法律和道德的行为准则。
D.它是指导人们行为的道德原则。

16.What do we learn from the passage about the golden rule?
D 【精析】细节推断题。短文开头指出，黄金法则是一种道德原则，它阐释了你应该以你希望自己被对待的方式对待他人。并举例说明要想得到别人的尊重，就必须尊重别人。由此推断，黄金法则是指导人们行为的道德原则。因此，答案为D。

2022-06-01-17.—中间—原词复现两个“undesirable outcomes”

17. A. It may lead to misunderstanding despite good intentions.
    B. It assumes that human beings are all good-natured.
    C. It may sometimes produce undesirable outcomes.
    D. It fails to consider the complexity of human relationships.

17. A.尽管出发点是好的，但这可能会导致误解。
B.它假设人类都是善良的。
C.有时会产生不希望的结果。
D.它没有考虑到人际关系的复杂性。

17.What is a notable criticism of the golden rule?
C 【精析】事实细节题。短文中提到，对黄金法则的一个值得注意的批评是，当它与法律和道德原则相冲突时，它的应用会导致不良的后果。因此，答案为 C。

2022-06-01-18.—结尾第一句—原词复现两个“golden rule”

18. A. The golden rule is often in conflict with certain laws and ethical principles.
    B. The golden rule must sometimes give way to more important principles.
    C. Failure to follow the golden rule may lead to violation of laws and ethics.
    D. Observing the golden rule is the first step to becoming a responsible citizen.

18. A.黄金法则常常与某些法律和道德原则相冲突。
B.黄金法则有时必须让位于更重要的原则。
C.不遵守黄金法则可能会导致违反法律和道德。
D.遵守黄金法则是成为一个负责任的公民的第一步。

18.What does the example of someone breaking the law serve to show?
B 【精析】细节推断题。短文中提到，如果有人违法，按照黄金法则，我们会不计较，因为我们不想让自己受到惩罚。然而大多数人会选择将法律和道德准则置于黄金法则之上，这意味着他们会尽可能地执行黄金法则，只要它不与更重要的概念冲突。因此，答案为B。

Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.

  (19) Today,many large corporations stress the importance of diversity on their websites,but current statistics show that the typical manager in America still tends to be white and male.Obviously,the desire to bring about diversity has not translated into corporate reality.
  Why useless?(20)A team of researchers from the University of Basel published their new study about people’s attitudes towards diversity at work. They found that people have a wide range of opinions concerning diversity.On the one hand,many see value in diversity,which can contribute a variety of perspectives, encourage new ideas,and generate innovative solutions.On the other hand,they assume that it might be difficult to work with someone who has completely different views,speaks a different language,or has a different style of work.
  The actual value they attribute to diversity depends on the decision-making perspective.Doubts about the practicability of diversity have a greater weight if a person is directly affected.(21)In other words,when a person’s own work group is involved,they tend to prefer team members who are similar to themselves. But when people make decisions for others,they typically put together a more diverse team.These findings could help organizations become more diverse.Companies need to pay attention to who makes hiring and team decisions.
  These decisions should not only be made by those directly affected.People who are not directly involved in the group’s daily work should also take part.

2022-06-01-19.—开头第二句—原词复现两个“diversity … desired”

19. A. Many of them find it rather difficult to manage.
    B. They have not seen as much diversity as desired.
    C. Many of them have an increasingly diversified staff.
    D. They have not quite grasped the concept of diversity.

19. A.他们中的许多人发现很难管理。
B.他们没有看到期望的多样性。
C.许多公司的员工越来越多元化。
D.他们还没有完全领会多样性的概念。

19.What do we learn from the current statistics about diversity in large corporations?
B 【精析】事实细节题。短文开头提到，许多大公司 在其网站上强调多元化的重要性，但目前的统计数据显示，美国的经理人仍然大都是白人和男性。 显然，实现多元化的愿望并没有在企业中成为现实。因此，答案为B。

2022-06-01-20.—开头第四句—原词复现全部

20. A. Initiatives to achieve diversity in large corporations.
    B. Advantages and disadvantages of a diversified team.
    C. People’s attitudes towards diversity at the workplace.
    D. Innovative ideas and solutions resulting from diversity.

20.A.在大公司中实现多元化的举措。
B.多元化团队的利弊。
C.人们对工作场所多样性的态度。
D.多样性带来的创新理念和解决方案。

20.What is the newly published study focused on?
C 【精析】事实细节题。短文中提到，巴塞尔大学的一组研究人员发表了一项新研究，该研究与人们对工作中的多元化的态度有关。因此，答案为 C。

2022-06-01-21.—结尾第三句—原词复现大半

21. A. People prefer to work with team members similar to themselves.
    B. Employers attach great importance to their corporations’diversity.
    C. Employers differ,from employees in their perspectives on diversity.
    D. Doubts about the practicability of diversity are gradually disappearing.

21. A.人们更喜欢与与自己相似的团队成员一起工作。
B.雇主非常重视公司的多样性。
C.雇主对多样性的看法与雇员不同。
D.对多样性可行性的怀疑正在逐渐消失。

21.What do the findings of the new study show?
A 【 精析】细节推断题。短文中提到，当人们参与到自己的工作团队中时，他们往往更喜欢与自己相似的团队成员。因此，答案为A。

Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.

  Communication can essentially be divided into two categories:the written and the spoken.
  (22-1) How the balance is struck between these two forms of communication—the point at which one needs to be exchanged for another—really depends on individual cultures.
  (22-2) Understanding when it’s appropriate to exchange one form for another can be a major key to success in international business.
Many cultures place a much greater value on the spoken word than the American working culture does.
  (23) In parts of the Middle East,you’ll find spoken word agreements are seen as seriously binding.A person’s word is linked to their honor,so verbal agreements are seen as important,whereas written contracts are taken as memos of understanding.
  (24) Western working culture tends to place a high value on the written word,and this reaches its highest level of intensity when it comes to contracts.In the US,France and Germany,written contracts tend to be seen as something that must be strictly carried out.
  (25-1) By contrast,other cultures may not see written contracts as quite so binding. It can prove a challenge to Western businesses if your business partner wants to renegotiate terms that you thought were already agreed on.
  (25-2) For example,a Japanese firm may have signed a contract,but they may not feel bound by every detail of it—particularly if circumstances later change.
  Such differences in value that different working cultures place on the written word tend to cause many problems when it comes to business relationships.

2022-06-01-22.—开头第一句—原词复现三个“forms of communication”

22. A. Choosing the best time for signing a business contract.
    B. Changing one’s form of communication from time to time.
    C. Laying equal stress on written and spoken communication.
    D. Using different forms of communication appropriately.

22. A.选择签订商业合同的最佳时机。
B.不时地改变自己的交流方式。
C.书面和口头交流并重。
D.恰当地使用不同的交流方式。

22.What is a major key to success in international business according to the passage?
D 【精析】细节推断题。短文开头提到，交流可分为书面交流和口头交流，人们什么时候需要书面或口头交流取决于他们的文化。知道适时将一种形式换成另一种形式是在国际业务中取得成功的关键。因此，答案为D。

2022-06-01-23.—开头第四句—原词复现三个“as seriously binding”

23. A. They are regarded as seriously binding.
    B. They are seldom honored by business partners.
    C. They are taken as memos of understanding.
    D. They are to be confirmed in written form.

23. A.它们被认为具有很强的约束力。
B.他们很少受到商业伙伴的尊重。
C.它们被当作谅解备忘录。
D.应以书面形式予以确认。

23.What does the passage say about spoken word agreements in some Middle East countries?
A 【 精析】事实细节题。短文中提到，在中东部分地区，口头协议被视为具有很强的约束力，一个人的言语与他们的信誉相关，而书面合同则被当作协议备忘录。因此，答案为A。

2022-06-01-24.—中间—原词复现六个“place a high value on written”

24. A. It has reached the highest level of evolution.
    B. It places a high value on written contracts.
    C. It regards written contracts as unalterable.
    D. It has seen a decline in verbal agreements.

24. A.它已经达到了进化的最高水平。
B.它非常重视书面合同。
C.它认为书面合同是不可更改的。
D.口头协议减少了。

24.What do we learn about the Western working culture?
B 【精析】细节推断题。短文中提到，西方的工作文化倾向于高度重视书面文字，这在合同方面更为明显。因此，答案为B。

2022-06-01-25.—结尾第二句—原词复现一个“binding”

25. A. Its details cannot be renegotiated.
    B. It has to be carried out to the letter.
    C. It strengthens business partnerships.
    D. Its terms may not be strictly binding.

25. A.协议的细节不能重新谈判。
B.必须严格执行。
C.加强商业伙伴关系。
D.其条款可能没有严格的约束力。

25.How does a Japanese firm tend to view a written contract?
D 【精析】细节推断题。短文中提到，有些文化中，书面合同条款可能没有严格的约束力，并举例一家日本公司已经签订了一份合同，但他们可能不会被合同的每一个细节所约束，尤其是在后来情况发生变化的情况下。由此可见，日本公司认为合同条款可能没有严格的约束力。因此，答案为 D。

Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)

Section A

Directions: In this section,there is a passage with ten blanks.You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage.Read the passage through carefully before making your choices,Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter:Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.You may notuse any of the words in the bank more than once.

Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.

  You might think of your teeth as tools,like built-in knives and forks,but if they are mere tools,why do they feel pain and wouldn’t it be better if they could just 26 under any condition?In spite of our 27 discomfort,it turns out there’s a good reason our teeth are so sensitive.Tooth pain is a 28 mechanism that ensures when a tooth is being damaged we’ll notice and do something about it.
  If we eat something too hot or too cold,or if the tooth is worn down enough where the tissue 29 _is exposed,all of those things cause pain,and then the pain causes the person not to use that tooth to try to protect it a little bit more.So it’s really a protective mechanism more than anything else.If teeth didn’t feel pain,we might 30 to use them in situations that damage them,and for humans,damaging 31 teeth is a problem because,unlike crocodiles,we can’t 32 them.
  Teeth have three layers,only one of which-the innermost layer of the tooth-can hurt,as that layer of the tooth 33 both blood vessels and nerves.Pain is the only feeling to which the nerves in that layer respond.Whereas people with tooth sensitivity may complain, for example,of tooth pain 34 by heat or cold,the nerves in the inner layer don’t sense temperature.Rather,they feel pain,which may be 35 with,say,drinking something very cold.

A. adult
B. associated
C. chew
D. contains
E. continue
F. defense
G. dental
H. downward
I. emotional
J. implies
K. mammal
L. replace
M. swallow
N. triggered
O. underneath

Section B

Directions:In this section,you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs.Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived.You may choose a paragraph more than once.Each paragraph is marked with a letter:.Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.

How to determine if a company is a good fit for you

A. On paper,the job seemed perfect for me:The position was completely in line with my degree,the duties and responsibilities were compatible with my interests,and the office maintained a well-stocked kitchen that would satisfy my every snack desire.

B. Sounds like my dream job,right?There was only one small probleM：I simply didn’t get along with the company culture.They favored a more rigid,closed-door,corporate atmosphere,while I would have preferred something more collaborative and open.They were complete clock watchers,while I would have liked a more flexible schedule.To put it plainly,we just weren’t on the same page.

C. When it comes to looking for a new job,you already know that a big part of the interview process involves the company evaluating whether or not you’re a good fit for their open role.But,it’s important to keep in mind that the employer isn’t the only one who needs to identify a good match—you should be looking for that same exact thing. Company culture can have a big impact on how you feel about your work,so you want to make sure you sign an offer letter with an organization you’re truly excited about.

D. However,figuring out what a company is like before you actually work there can be a bit of a challenge.Luckily,there are a few things you can do to determine whether or not a company is a good fit for you—before you ever sign your name on that dotted line.

E. First of all,know what you want.It’s hard to make any decisions when you don’t really know what you’re looking for.So before you can determine whether you and a specific company would be compatible together,it’s important to have a solid handle on what exactly you want from your employer.Many of us have an easier time identifying the things that we absolutely don’t want.If those are the only things you can think of,don’t worry!That’s still a good place to start.

F. Start by writing down the things you didn’t like about previous employers,as well as the parts you really valued.There’s no wrong answer here—so from big things to small details,write them all down on your list.This will help you immediately identify what you’re looking for in an organization,as well as the things you’re trying to stay far,far away from.

G. Make sure to do your research.Now comes the part when you put on your detective hat and do a little digging.The Internet will be your best friend when you’re trying to familiarize yourself with a company’s culture before ever walking through their office doors.And where exactly should you look for these culture clues?Start with the most obvious place first:the company’s website.Read through their copy and blog.Do they use formal,direct language?Or is it casual,conversational,and maybe even a little humorous?This can be a big indicator of what sort of atmosphere the company is trying to cultivate.

H. Next,turn your attention toward their social media outlets.Are they sharing photos of their team’s Thursday afternoon barbeque or Halloween costume contest?Or are their social media accounts strictly reserved for company-related announcements and product launches?

I. An industry review website like Glassdoor is another spot to check in order to find some insider information about what you can expect about a company.However, remember to take the reviews you read with a grain of salt-many of them are written by scorned(被鄙视的)employees.

J. Finally,you can never fail with personal connections.Send a quick message to a current or previous company employee on LinkedIn or by email and ask if they would be willing to have a quick conversation with you about the organization in general.If you get a yes to your request for a chat,you’ll be armed with some pretty powerful and helpful information heading into your interview!

K. Learn more by asking questions.You know that part at the end of a job interview when the hiring manager asks if you have any questions,and you just stare across the table blankly with your mouth hanging open?That’s the perfect opportunity to speak up and get your burning company culture questions answered!So yes,you can definitely ask your interviewer about what it’s like to work for that particular organization.Simple questions like,"What three words would you use to describe the culture here?"or "What’s your favorite part about working for this company?"can reveal a lot about what it’s really like behind closed doors.

L. Prioritize your values.What does my dream company culture look like?Well,I could come and go as I please,as long as I was getting the work done.My boss would genuinely listen to and value all of my ideas arid suggestions.My co-workers would all be friendly with one another,without ever falling into the office gossip trap.The kitchen would have endless options of pizza and cookies.Oh,and they’d give me two months of paid vacation with a verv generous salarv.

M. What are my chances of finding all of those things with one employer?Slim to none— believe me,I’ve looked.This is why it’s so important to know which aspects of a company’s culture you value most.Is it an open communication style or a flexible schedule?Focus on the top spots on your priority list,and ensure a potential employer at least checks those boxes.Unfortunately,this is reality,you can’t have everything you want but a few are certainly achievable.

N. When you’re hunting for a new job,you already know that the employer is trying to decide whether or not you’re a good fit for the position.But you should also look at the process through a similar lens.You may not be the one conducting the actual interview, butyou’re still trying to determine whether or not the company is a good fit for you.

O. Keep these tips in mind to figure out whether you and a potential employer are a perfect match or just a recipe (方案) for disaster.After all,it’s a good thing to know before actually accepting an offer.

36. Clues about the culture of a company can be found on its website.

37. It can be difficult to know the real situation in a company until you become part ofit.

38. It is impossible for a job applicant to have every expectation met.

39. Simply by reading its description,the author found the job offered ideal.

40. Job applicants are advised to make a written list of their likes and dislikes in their previous employment.

41. At the end of an interview,a job applicant should seize the opportunity to get answers to their urgent questions.

42. To begin with,job applicants should be clear what they expect from their future employer.

43. Job applicants should read with a critical eye what is written about a company on the website.

44. Job satisfaction has a lot to do with company culture.

45. A chat with an insider ofa company can give job applicants very useful information when they prepare for an interview.

Section C

Directions:There are 2 passages in this section.Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A,B,C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through thecentre.

Passage One

Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.

  Online classes began to be popularized just a few decades ago.They are advertised as a way for adults to finish their education and students to learn the material at their own pace —it is far more compatible for people with busy schedules.
  But after being enrolled in an online course last fall semester,I came to realize online classes were merely a means to fulfil course requirements.
  First of all,students lack the desire to learn,and they simply complete their assignments to receive credit for a passing grade rather than genuinely engage with the course material.
  As online courses tend to have more than 100 students,most of the assignments are short and simple.They are not designed for students to interact with the material in depth but designed to be graded easily to accommodate such a large number of students.
  Perhaps the biggest disadvantage of taking an online class is the absence of face-to-face interaction between the teacher and their students.Live sessions are infrequent and are often scheduled during the middle of the day when students have to attend other classes or work.The office hours of the professor may also be during inconvenient times for many students as well.Most interaction with the professor has to be through email which is often impersonal.It is nearly impossible for students to build a relationship with theirprofessor.
  There is also little interaction amongst students.It can be harder for students to create study groups and form relationships with their peers.
  Online classes also require either a computer or laptop and a reliable internet connection.Not all students have access to these types of resources,whether it is for financial or other reasons,and some students can be put ata disadvantage.
  Offering online classes certainly helps students who would otherwise not be able to attend classroom sessions.However,they fail to provide a genuine education with an emphasis on convenience rather than critical thinking.We need restructured online classes in which students can have a learning experience that will actually provide quality education.

  在线课程在几十年前才开始普及。它们被宣传为成年人完成学业和学生按照自己的节奏学习教材的一种方式——它更适合日程繁忙的人。
  (46-1) 但在去年秋季学期上了一门在线课程后，我开始意识到在线课程只是满足课程要求的一种手段。
  (46-2) 首先，学生缺乏学习的欲望，他们只是简单地完成作业以获得及格的分数，而没有真正参与到课程学习中。
  由于在线课程的学生人数往往超过100人，因此大多数作业都很简短。(47)这些作业不是为了让学生深入研究学习内容而设计的，而是为了便于评分，从而容纳如此大量的学生。
  (48-1) 也许参与在线课程的最大缺点是教师和学生之间缺乏面对面的互动。直播课程很少，而且通常安排在正午，因为学生不得不参加其他课程或工作。很多学生可能也不方便在教授的办公时间上课。与教授的大多数互动都必须通过电子邮件进行，这往往缺少人情味。学生们几乎不可能与他们的教授建立师生情。
  (48-2) 学生之间的互动也很少。学生很难创建学习小组并与同龄人建立关系。
  在线课程还需要一台电脑或笔记本以及稳定的互联网连接。(49)并非所有学生都能获得这些类型的资源，无论是出于经济原因还是其他原因，一些学生可能会处于不利地位。
  提供在线课程当然可以帮助那些原本无法参加课堂课程的学生。(50)然而，它们未能提供真正的教育，它们强调便利性而不是批判性思维。我们需要重新规划在线课程，提供优质教育，让学生能够获得真正的学习体验。

2022-06-01-46.—细节辨认题—难—选项D强干扰，出现很多关键词，需要读懂“rarely很少地”—定位也难，是定位句的下一段，同义替换“lack the desire to learn”替换为“unmotivated to learn”

2022-06-01-46.——第一：通过“enrolled in an online course”定位；第二：找原词复现，选项BCD；第三：找同义替换，选项D的“rarely”替换原文的“merely”

46. What does the author say about students enrolled in online classes?【原文：But after being enrolled in an online course last fall semester,I came to realize online classes were merely a means to fulfil course requirements.
      First of all,students lack the desire to learn,and they simply complete their assignments to receive credit for a passing grade rather than genuinely engage with the course material.】
    A. They can access course materials easily.
    B. They are unmotivated to learn.
    C. They can learn at their own pace.
    D. They rarely fulfil the course requirements.

48. 作者对参加网络课程的学生说了什么？
A.他们可以很容易地获取课程材料。
B.他们没有学习的动力。
C.他们可以按照自己的节奏学习。
D.他们很少达到课程要求。

【定位】由题干中的 students enrolled in online classes 定位到第二、三段。

B【精析】细节辨认题。第二段起到承上启下的作用。第三段指出，学生缺乏学习的欲望，他们只是简单地完成作业以获得及格的分数，而没有真正参与到课程学习中。故正确答案为B。

【避错】A 是根据第三段最后提到的 the course material设置的干扰，但是该句说的是“学生不能真正参与到课程学习中”，并没有提及学生是否可以轻松获得课程材料，故排除A。

C 是根据第一段第二句提到的students to learn…at their own pace 设置的干扰项，但这是人们宣传的在线课程的优点，而不是作者的观点，故排除C。

第二段提到，作者意识到在线课程只是满足课程要求的一种手段，并没有说学生很少达到课程要求，故排除 D。

2022-06-01-47.—细节辨认题—难—同义替换难“be graded easily”替换为“convenient to mark”

2022-06-01-47.——第一：通过“online courses”定位；第二：找原词复现，选项CD；第三：找同义替换，选项C没有原文否定词性排除。选择D跟原文肯定词性一致，但是错了，后接宾语不对。正确选择A无原词复现，选不到

47. What does the author think of online course assignments?【原文：As online courses tend to have more than 100 students,most of the assignments are short and simple.They are not designed for students to interact with the material in depth but designed to be graded easily to accommodate such a large number of students.】
    A. They are made convenient to mark.
    B. They are meant to facilitate interaction.
    C. They are based on easily accessible material.
    D. They are given to accommodate students’needs.

47. 作者如何看待在线课程作业？
A.它们便于标记。
B.它们是为了促进互动。
C.它们是基于容易获得的材料。
D.它们是为了满足学生的需要而提供的。

【定位】由题干中的online course assignments 定位到第四段。

A 【 精析】细节辨认题。第四段第二句提到，这些作业不是为了让学生深入研究学习内容而设计的， 而是为了便于评分，从而容纳如此大量的学生。故正确答案为A。

【避错】定位句提到这些作业不是为了让学生深入研究学习内容而设计的，并没有提到旨在促进互动，故排除B。第四段第一句提到大多数作业都很简短，但并没有提到它们都基于易于获取的材料，故排除 C。

D 根据第四段第二句中的 accommodate 设置干扰，文中指的是把课后作业设计得便于评分以容纳大量的学生，而不是为了满足学生的需求，故排除D。

2022-06-01-48.—细节辨认题—易—同义替换“face-to-face interaction面对面的互动”替换为“build relationships with each other”

2022-06-01-48.——第一：通过“disadvantage of”定位；第二：找原词复现，选项CD；第三：找同义替换，选项D的“relationship”替换原文的“interaction”

48. What does the author say is one disadvantage of online classes?【原文：Perhaps the biggest disadvantage of taking an online class is the absence of face-to-face interaction between the teacher and their students.】
    A. They are frequently scheduled at irregular times.
    B. They make professors’offices much less accessible.
    C. They tend to increase professors’burden of responding to students’emails.
    D. They provide little chance for students to build relationships with each other.

48. 作者认为在线课程的一个缺点是什么？
A.他们经常安排在不规律的时间。
B.他们使教授的办公室更不容易进入。
C.他们倾向于增加教授回复学生邮件的负担。
D.它们几乎没有给学生们提供相互建立关系的机会。

【定位】 由题干中的 one disadvantage of online classes 定位到第五段第一句。

D 【精析】细节辨认题。定位句提到，也许参与在线课程的最大缺点是教师和学生之间缺乏面对面的互动。第六段进一步指出，学生之间的互动也很少，学生很难创建学习小组并与同龄人建立关系。 故正确答案为D。

【避错】第五段第二、三句提到在线课程的时间问题：直播课程通常安排在正午，因为学生不得不参加其他课程或工作。很多学生可能也不方便在教授的办公时间上课。文章没有提到在线课程被安排在不定期的时间，也不能由此推出在线课程使
教授的办公室更难进入，故排除A 和B 。

第五段第四句提到，与教授的大多数互动都必须通过电子邮件进行，这往往缺少人情味，旨在表明学生和教师间的交流变少了，而不是说教授回复学生电子邮件的负担增加了，故排除C。

2022-06-01-49.—推理判断题—由“Not all students have access to these types of resources”推出“Some students may have difficulty attending them”

2022-06-01-49.——第一：通过“classes”定位；第二：找原词复现，选项BCD；第三：找同义替换，选项C出现两个原词复现，优先看，符合原文处的否定表达

49. What problem may arise if classes go online?【原文：Online classes also require either a computer or laptop and a reliable internet connection.Not all students have access to these types of resources,whether it is for financial or other reasons,and some students can be put ata disadvantage.】
    A. More students may find it easy to be absent from them.
    B. ～～Teachers～～ will worry about poor internet connections.【干扰项，只是出现关键词，但是没有老师担心】
    C. Some students may have difficulty attending them.
    D. Schools with limited resources will be at a disadvantage.

49. 如果课程放到网上可能会出现什么问题？
A.更多的学生可能会觉得不去上课很容易。
B.老师会担心网络连接不好。
C.一些学生可能很难参加。
D.资源有限的学校将处于不利地位。

【定位】由题干中的classes go online及题文同序原则定位到第七、八段。

C 【精析】推理判断题。第七段第二句指出，并非所有学生都能获得电脑、笔记本和稳定的网络连接，一些学生可能会因为一些原因无法参加线上课程。故正确答案为C。

【避错】由定位段可知，由于缺少学习工具，有的学生无法参加线上课程，但不能由此推出更多的学生会发现逃课很容易，也不能推出资源有限的学校处于不利地位，故排除 A 和 D 。 第七段第 一 句提到在线课程还需要一台电脑或笔记本以及稳 定的互联网连接，并没有提到老师担心互联网连接不好的问题，故排除B。

2022-06-01-50.—推理判断题—难—没有关键词，硬推

2022-06-01-50.——第一：通过“genuine education”定位；第二：找原词复现，选项CD；第三：找同义替换，选项D符合原文双重否定表示肯定的肯定表达，“analytical”替换原文“critical”

50. What does the author think constitutes a key part of genuine education?【原文：However,they fail to provide a genuine education with an emphasis on convenience rather than critical thinking.We need restructured online classes in which students can have a learning experience that will actually provide quality education.】
    A. Acquisition of useful knowledge.
    B. Training of real-life skills on campus.
    C. Development of students’personalities.
    D. Cultivation of analytical thinking ability.【“rather than而不是”后面，本来是排除，但是前面又有个“fail”，双重否定表示肯定】

50. 作者认为什么构成了真正教育的关键部分？
A.获得有用的知识。
B.校园生活技能的训练。
C.学生个性的发展。
D.分析思维能力的培养。

【定位】由题干中的genuine education 定位到最后一段第二句。
D【精析】推理判断题。定位句提到在线课程强调便利性而不是批判性思维，并不能提供真正的教育。 由此可知，D 中提到的“思辨能力的培养”是真正教育的组成部分。故正确答案为D。

【避错】最后一段最后一句提到我们需要重新规划 在线课程，提供优质教育，让学生能够获得真正的学习体验，但并没有提到获得有用的知识或在校园内培训现实生活技能，故排除A 和 B 。 文中没有提到关于学生个性发展的问题，故排除C。

Passage Two

Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.

  In the age of the internet,there’s no such thing as a private debate.But is that bad for science?Some scientists have had concerns.When debates in any sector move beyond the halls of universities and government agencies,there’s potential for information to be used incorrectly,leading to public confusion;yet,open debate can also promote communication between the scientific community and the public.Recent open debates on scientific research,health,and policy have aroused greater public attention and encouraged more diverse voices.If this trend spurs scientists to agree more quickly about the best solutions to our problems-and at the same time helps the public observe the process of scientific discourse more clearly—then this is good for everyone,including scientists.
  A recent debate published in The New York Times discussed the question of how quickly medicine should be developed and produced.Issues such as safety of the product and perception of the public were examined and considered.But some experts worried that such public speculation might lead people to believe that disagreement about the details meant a lack of adequate scientific consensus over the safety and efficiency of modern-day medicine.
  The anxiety seems misplaced.Gone are the days of going to a conference and debating scientific issues,and that’s good because those gatherings were not diverse enough and excluded many important voices.These days,the public can access debates about science regardless of where they take place.
  For many scientists,public debate is a new frontier and it may feel like a place with few restraints or rules?but rather than avoiding such conversations,let the debates be transparent and vigorous,wherever they are held.If the public is to understand that science is an honorably self-correcting process,the idea that science is a fixed set of facts in a textbook needs to be dismissed.With the validity of science coming under attack,there’s a need for scientific debates to be perceived as open and true to life.Let everyone see the noisy,messy deliberations that advance science and lead to decisions that benefit us all.

2022-06-01-51.—细节辨认题—易—同义替换“greater public attention”替换为“better understand”

2022-06-01-51.——第一：通过“open debates on”定位；第二：找原词复现，选项ABD；第三：找特点，选项A多处原词复现和与原文都有“比较级”

51. What does the author think open debate can do?【原文：Recent open debates on scientific research,health,and policy have aroused greater public attention and encouraged more diverse voices.If this trend spurs scientists to agree more quickly about the best solutions to our problems and at the same time helps the public observe the process of scientific discourse more clearly—then this is good for everyone,including scientists.】
    A. Help the public to better understand science.
    B. Clear up confusion in the scientific community.
    C. Settle disputes between universities and government agencies.
    D. Prevent information from being used incorrectly by the public.

51. 作者认为公开辩论可以做什么？
A.帮助公众更好地理解科学。
B.澄清科学界的困惑。
C.解决大学和政府机构之间的纠纷。
D.防止信息被公众错误使用。

【定位】由题干中的open debate 定位到第一段第四句。

A
【精析】细节辨认题。定位句指出，当任何领域的 辩论走出了大学和政府机构的大厅时，信息就有可能被误用，导致公共混乱。然而，公开辩论也可以促进科学界和公众之间的交流。由此可知，公开辩论可以帮助公众更好地理解科学，故答案为 A。

【避错】定位句提到，当辩论地点不局限于大学和政府机构的大厅时，信息就有可能被误用，导致公共混乱，而不是消除混乱，故排除 B。定位句只提到了辩论的地点不局限于大学和政府机构的大 厅，没有提及解决大学与政府机构之间的纠纷，故排除C 。
定位句提到，信息有可能被误用，并没有提及防止公众误用信息，D 属于过度推断，故排除。

2022-06-01-52.—推理判断题—难—出现三个选项都有原词复现，需要读懂推出关键字是“distrust”+“medicine”

2022-06-01-52.——第一：通过“The New York Times”定位；第二：找原词复现，选项ABD；第三：找特点，选项D有多处原词复现和与原文“词性一致，都表达否定含义”

52. Why did a recent debate published in The New York Times arouse concerns among experts?【原文：A recent debate published in The New York Times discussed the question of how quickly medicine should be developed and produced.Issues such as safety of the product and perception of the public were examined and considered.But some experts worried that such public speculation might lead people to believe that disagreement about the details meant a lack of adequate scientific consensus over the safety and efficiency of modern-day medicine.】
    A. It might hinder the progress in medical research.
    B. It might breed public distrust in modern medicine.
    C. It might add to the difficulty of getting research funds.【没提及，排除】
    D. It might prevent medical scientists reaching consensus.

52. 为什么最近发表在《纽约时报》上的一篇辩论引起了专家们的关注？
A.它可能会阻碍医学研究的进展。
B.它可能会引起公众对现代医学的不信任。
C.这可能会增加获得研究基金的难度。
D.它可能阻止医学科学家达成共识。

【定位】由题干中的 The New York Times 和 arouse concerns定位到第二段。

B
【精析】推理判断题。第二段首句介绍这场辩论， 第三句提到一些专家的担心：这种公开的猜测可能会导致人们认为，细节上的分歧意味着对现代医学的安全性和效率缺乏足够的科学共识。由此可以推断，这会引起公众对现代医学不信任，故答案为B。

【避错】第二段前两句说明了这场辩论讨论的问题，并没有提及这场辩论会阻碍医学进展，故排除 A。文中并未提及研究资金的问题，故排除C。

D 是根据第二段末句中 a lack of adequate scientific consensus 设置的干扰项，此处是表达细节上的分歧意味着对现代医学的安全性和效率缺乏足够的科学共识，并没有提到辩论会阻碍医学科学家达成共识，故排除。

2022-06-01-53.—细节辨认题—易—看到同义替换“access”替换为“accessible”，优先选C

2022-06-01-53.——第一：通过“anxiety seems misplaced”定位；第二：找原词复现，选项ABCD；第三：找不同，选项BC，C有同义替换，“accessible”替换原文的“access”

53. Why does the author say some experts’anxiety seems misplaced?【原文：The anxiety seems misplaced.Gone are the days of going to a conference and debating scientific issues,and that’s good because those gatherings were not diverse enough and excluded many important voices.These days,the public can access debates about science regardless of where they take place.】
    A. Debating scientific issues at a conference is now old-fashioned. 【两个关键词是and并列关系，排除】
    B. Diverse topics can be debated by both scientists and the public.
    C. Debates about science are accessible to the public anyway.
    D. Scientists can voice their opinions whatever way they like.【that后面内容没有涉及】

53. 为什么作者说一些专家的焦虑似乎是多余的？
A.在会议上辩论科学问题现在已经过时了。
B.科学家和公众都可以讨论各种各样的话题。
C.无论如何，公众都可以参与科学辩论。
D.科学家可以用他们喜欢的任何方式表达他们的观点。

【 定 位 】由题干中的 some experts’anxiety 和 misplaced 定位到第三段。
C【精析】细节辨认题。第三段首句指出，这种焦虑似乎放错了地方。末句指出，如今，无论有关科学的辩论发生在哪里，公众都可以接触到，故答案为 C。

【避错】第三段第二句提到，参加会议并讨论科学问题的日子一去不复返了，这并不是指那样的日 子已经过时了，而且这也不是作者认为专家的焦 虑放错地方的原因，故排除 A。
第三段第二句提到，那些会议不够多样化，并没有提及科学家和公众可以讨论各种各样的话题，故排除B。
文中没有提到科学家应该如何发表观点的问题，而且 whatever way they like过于绝对，故排除 D。

2022-06-01-54.—推理判断题—难—由“but rather than”和“let”可得定位句关键在“let”后面，但是答案选项B需要读懂

2022-06-01-54.——第一：通过“public debate”定位；第二：找原词复现，选项C，但不符合原文意思；第三：找特点，选项A有比较级也有“discussion”全文关键词，结果还是不对

54. What does the author suggest scientists do about public debate?【原文：For many scientists,public debate is a new frontier and it may feel like a place with few restraints or rules?but rather than avoiding such conversations,let the debates be transparent and vigorous,wherever they are held.】
    A. Have more discussions about it.
    B. Embrace it with open arms.
    C. Formulate new rules for it.
    D. Restrain it to a rational degree.

54. 作者建议科学家对公众辩论做些什么？
A.多讨论一下。
B.张开双臂拥抱它。
C.制定新的规则。
D.将其限制在合理的程度。

【定位】由题干中的 scientists 、public debate 和题 文同序原则定位到第四段首句。

B【精析】推理判断题。定位句提到，对许多科学家来说，公开辩论是一个新的领域，它可能感觉像是一个没有什么限制或规则的地方，但与其避免这样的对话，不如让辩论变得透明和充满活力，无论辩论在哪里举行。由此可以推断，作者支持公开辩论，故答案为B。

【避错】文中没有提及建议科学家对公开辩论进行更多讨论，故排除A 。定位句提到，公开辩论感觉像是一个没有什么限制或规则的地方，但这并不是让科学家制订新的规则或将其限制到合理的程度，故排除C 和 D。

2022-06-01-55.—推理判断题—难—唯一原词复现“textbook”是陷阱，正确答案需要读懂并推理

2022-06-01-55.——第一：通过“题文同序”定位；第二：找原词复现，选项ABCD，陷阱太多了

55. What does the author say about science in the last paragraph?【原文：If the public is to understand that science is an honorably self-correcting process,the idea that science is a fixed set of facts in a textbook needs to be dismissed.With the validity of science coming under attack,there’s a need for scientific debates to be perceived as open and true to life.Let everyone see the noisy,messy deliberations that advance science and lead to decisions that benefit us all.】
    A. It is transmitted through textbooks.
    B. It is what proves valid and true to life.
    C. It is a dynamic and self-improving process.
    D. It is a collection of facts and established rules.

55. 关于科学，作者在最后一段说了什么？
A.它通过教科书传播。
B.它是证明有效和真实的生活。
C.这是一个动态的、自我完善的过程。
D.它是事实和既定规则的集合。

【定位】由题干中的 the last paragraph 定位到最后一段。

C【精析】推理判断题。最后一段第二句提到，如果公众要理解科学是一个正大光明的自我纠正的过程，那么，需要摒弃那种认为科学是教科书中一系列固定不变的事实的观点。由此可以推断，科学是一个自我完善的过程，故答案为C。

【避错】A和 D是根据最后一段第二句中a fixed set of facts in a textbook 设置的干扰项，此处是表达需要摒弃那种认为科学是教科书中一系列固定不变的事实的观点，不是表达科学通过教材传播或者科学是事实和既定规则的集合，故排除A 和 D。

最后一段第三句指出，科学的有效性受到攻击，B与文章意思相反，故排除。

Part IV Translation (30 minutes)

Directions: For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English.You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.
  从前有个农夫嫌他种的禾苗长得慢，就到地里把禾苗一株株地拔高了一点。回家后他对家人说：“今天可真把我累坏了！但我总算让禾苗一下子长高了。”他儿子到地里去一看，禾苗都已死光了。
  现在有些家长急于让孩子成功，往往步那个农夫的后尘，搞得孩子苦不堪言，却不见孩子学业长进。这样的家长是否该对这个问题有所醒悟，让孩子自然成长呢?