2021-09-29 ROS2教程（四）-创建自定义msg和srv消息格式C++/Python记录

参考链接

官方
http://docs.ros.org/en/foxy/Tutorials/Custom-ROS2-Interfaces.html

中文翻译
https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/354024005

msg和srv创建

1.0创建功能包
srv和msg都用ament_cmake创建
在自己的工作空间下，这里我单独创建了一个工作空间放置该功能包，并在同一个功能包内创建发布订阅等（C++），官方为同一个工作空间不同功能包，对应需要的依赖有所不同

ros2 pkg create --build-type ament_cmake tutorial_interfaces（Python版不再同一个功能包内）

1.1在功能包内创建srv和msg文件夹

cd tutorial_interfaces
mkdir srv
mkdir msg

#在msg文件夹中创建Num.msg，文件中放入
int64 num


#在srv文件夹中创建AddThreeInts.srv，文件中放入
int64 a
int64 b
int64 c
---
int64 sum

1.2添加依赖

#添加CMamkelist依赖
find_package(rosidl_default_generators REQUIRED)

rosidl_generate_interfaces(${PROJECT_NAME}
  "msg/Num.msg"
  "srv/AddThreeInts.srv"
 )
 
#添加package.xml依赖
<build_depend>rosidl_default_generators</build_depend>
<exec_depend>rosidl_default_runtime</exec_depend>
<member_of_group>rosidl_interface_packages</member_of_group>

1.3编译，激活，查看接口是否正确

colcon build --packages-select tutorial_interfaces
. install/setup.bash
ros2 interface show tutorial_interfaces/msg/Num
ros2 interface show tutorial_interfaces/srv/AddThreeInts

C++版

2.0创建调用msg的发布订阅代码和调用srv的服务客户端代码，src文件夹下创建talker.cpp/listener.cpp和server.cpp/client.cpp

talker.cpp

#include <chrono>
#include <memory>

#include "rclcpp/rclcpp.hpp"
#include "tutorial_interfaces/msg/num.hpp"     // CHANGE

using namespace std::chrono_literals;

class MinimalPublisher : public rclcpp::Node
{
public:
  MinimalPublisher()
  : Node("minimal_publisher"), count_(0)
  {
    publisher_ = this->create_publisher<tutorial_interfaces::msg::Num>("topic", 10);    // CHANGE
    timer_ = this->create_wall_timer(
      500ms, std::bind(&MinimalPublisher::timer_callback, this));
  }

private:
  void timer_callback()
  {
    auto message = tutorial_interfaces::msg::Num();                               // CHANGE
    message.num = this->count_++;                                        // CHANGE
    RCLCPP_INFO(this->get_logger(), "Publishing: '%d'", message.num);    // CHANGE
    publisher_->publish(message);
  }
  rclcpp::TimerBase::SharedPtr timer_;
  rclcpp::Publisher<tutorial_interfaces::msg::Num>::SharedPtr publisher_;         // CHANGE
  size_t count_;
};

int main(int argc, char * argv[])
{
  rclcpp::init(argc, argv);
  rclcpp::spin(std::make_shared<MinimalPublisher>());
  rclcpp::shutdown();
  return 0;
}

listener.cpp

#include <memory>

#include "rclcpp/rclcpp.hpp"
#include "tutorial_interfaces/msg/num.hpp"     // CHANGE
using std::placeholders::_1;

class MinimalSubscriber : public rclcpp::Node
{
public:
  MinimalSubscriber()
  : Node("minimal_subscriber")
  {
    subscription_ = this->create_subscription<tutorial_interfaces::msg::Num>(          // CHANGE
      "topic", 10, std::bind(&MinimalSubscriber::topic_callback, this, _1));
  }

private:
  void topic_callback(const tutorial_interfaces::msg::Num::SharedPtr msg) const       // CHANGE
  {
    RCLCPP_INFO(this->get_logger(), "I heard: '%d'", msg->num);              // CHANGE
  }
  rclcpp::Subscription<tutorial_interfaces::msg::Num>::SharedPtr subscription_;       // CHANGE
};

int main(int argc, char * argv[])
{
  rclcpp::init(argc, argv);
  rclcpp::spin(std::make_shared<MinimalSubscriber>());
  rclcpp::shutdown();
  return 0;
}

server.cpp

#include "rclcpp/rclcpp.hpp"
#include "tutorial_interfaces/srv/add_three_ints.hpp"     // CHANGE

#include <memory>

void add(const std::shared_ptr<tutorial_interfaces::srv::AddThreeInts::Request> request,     // CHANGE
          std::shared_ptr<tutorial_interfaces::srv::AddThreeInts::Response>       response)  // CHANGE
{
  response->sum = request->a + request->b + request->c;                                       // CHANGE
  RCLCPP_INFO(rclcpp::get_logger("rclcpp"), "Incoming request\na: %ld" " b: %ld" " c: %ld",   // CHANGE
                request->a, request->b, request->c);                                          // CHANGE
  RCLCPP_INFO(rclcpp::get_logger("rclcpp"), "sending back response: [%ld]", (long int)response->sum);
}

int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
  rclcpp::init(argc, argv);

  std::shared_ptr<rclcpp::Node> node = rclcpp::Node::make_shared("add_three_ints_server");  // CHANGE

  rclcpp::Service<tutorial_interfaces::srv::AddThreeInts>::SharedPtr service =                 // CHANGE
    node->create_service<tutorial_interfaces::srv::AddThreeInts>("add_three_ints",  &add);     // CHANGE

  RCLCPP_INFO(rclcpp::get_logger("rclcpp"), "Ready to add three ints.");      // CHANGE

  rclcpp::spin(node);
  rclcpp::shutdown();
}

client.cpp

#include "rclcpp/rclcpp.hpp"
#include "tutorial_interfaces/srv/add_three_ints.hpp"        // CHANGE

#include <chrono>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <memory>

using namespace std::chrono_literals;

int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
  rclcpp::init(argc, argv);

  if (argc != 4) { // CHANGE
      RCLCPP_INFO(rclcpp::get_logger("rclcpp"), "usage: add_three_ints_client X Y Z");      // CHANGE
      return 1;
  }

  std::shared_ptr<rclcpp::Node> node = rclcpp::Node::make_shared("add_three_ints_client"); // CHANGE
  rclcpp::Client<tutorial_interfaces::srv::AddThreeInts>::SharedPtr client =                        // CHANGE
    node->create_client<tutorial_interfaces::srv::AddThreeInts>("add_three_ints");                  // CHANGE

  auto request = std::make_shared<tutorial_interfaces::srv::AddThreeInts::Request>();               // CHANGE
  request->a = atoll(argv[1]);
  request->b = atoll(argv[2]);
  request->c = atoll(argv[3]);               // CHANGE

  while (!client->wait_for_service(1s)) {
    if (!rclcpp::ok()) {
      RCLCPP_ERROR(rclcpp::get_logger("rclcpp"), "Interrupted while waiting for the service. Exiting.");
      return 0;
    }
    RCLCPP_INFO(rclcpp::get_logger("rclcpp"), "service not available, waiting again...");
  }

  auto result = client->async_send_request(request);
  // Wait for the result.
  if (rclcpp::spin_until_future_complete(node, result) ==
    rclcpp::executor::FutureReturnCode::SUCCESS)
  {
    RCLCPP_INFO(rclcpp::get_logger("rclcpp"), "Sum: %ld", result.get()->sum);
  } else {
    RCLCPP_ERROR(rclcpp::get_logger("rclcpp"), "Failed to call service add_three_ints");    // CHANGE
  }

  rclcpp::shutdown();
  return 0;
}

2.1添加依赖

#CMakelist
find_package(tutorial_interfaces REQUIRED)                         # CHANGE

add_executable(talker src/talker.cpp)
ament_target_dependencies(talker rclcpp tutorial_interfaces)         # CHANGE

add_executable(listener src/listener.cpp)
ament_target_dependencies(listener rclcpp tutorial_interfaces)     # CHANGE

add_executable(server src/server.cpp)
ament_target_dependencies(server
  rclcpp tutorial_interfaces)                      #CHANGE

add_executable(client src/client.cpp)
ament_target_dependencies(client
  rclcpp tutorial_interfaces)                      #CHANGE

install(TARGETS
  talker
  listener
  server
  clientros2 pkg create --build-type ament_python py_tutorial

  DESTINATION lib/${PROJECT_NAME})

2.2编译激活运行

第一个终端
colcon build --packages-select tutorial_interfaces
. install/setup.bash
ros2 run cpp_pubsub talker

第二个终端（ctrl+shift T）
. install/setup.bash
ros2 run cpp_pubsub listener


第三个终端
. install/setup.bash
ros2 run cpp_srvcli server

第四个终端
. install/setup.bash
ros2 run cpp_srvcli client 2 3 1

Python版

3.0创建功能包

#在自己的工作空间下
ros2 pkg create --build-type ament_python py_tutorial

创建调用msg的发布订阅代码和调用srv的服务客户端代码，py_tutorial/py_tutorial文件夹下创建talker.py/listener.py和server.py/client.py

talker.py

import rclpy
from rclpy.node import Node

from tutorial_interfaces.msg import Num    # CHANGE


class MinimalPublisher(Node):

    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__('minimal_publisher')
        self.publisher_ = self.create_publisher(Num, 'topic', 10)     # CHANGE
        timer_period = 0.5
        self.timer = self.create_timer(timer_period, self.timer_callback)
        self.i = 0

    def timer_callback(self):
        msg = Num()                                           # CHANGE
        msg.num = self.i                                      # CHANGE
        self.publisher_.publish(msg)
        self.get_logger().info('Publishing: "%d"' % msg.num)  # CHANGE
        self.i += 1


def main(args=None):
    rclpy.init(args=args)

    minimal_publisher = MinimalPublisher()

    rclpy.spin(minimal_publisher)

    minimal_publisher.destroy_node()
    rclpy.shutdown()


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

listener.py

import rclpy
from rclpy.node import Node

from tutorial_interfaces.msg import Num        # CHANGE


class MinimalSubscriber(Node):

    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__('minimal_subscriber')
        self.subscription = self.create_subscription(
            Num,                                              # CHANGE
            'topic',
            self.listener_callback,
            10)
        self.subscription

    def listener_callback(self, msg):
            self.get_logger().info('I heard: "%d"' % msg.num) # CHANGE


def main(args=None):
    rclpy.init(args=args)

    minimal_subscriber = MinimalSubscriber()

    rclpy.spin(minimal_subscriber)

    minimal_subscriber.destroy_node()
    rclpy.shutdown()


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

server.py

from tutorial_interfaces.srv import AddThreeInts     # CHANGE

import rclpy
from rclpy.node import Node


class MinimalService(Node):

    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__('minimal_service')
        self.srv = self.create_service(AddThreeInts, 'add_three_ints', self.add_three_ints_callback)        # CHANGE

    def add_three_ints_callback(self, request, response):
        response.sum = request.a + request.b + request.c                                                  # CHANGE
        self.get_logger().info('Incoming request\na: %d b: %d c: %d' % (request.a, request.b, request.c)) # CHANGE

        return response

def main(args=None):
    rclpy.init(args=args)

    minimal_service = MinimalService()

    rclpy.spin(minimal_service)

    rclpy.shutdown()

if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

client.py

from tutorial_interfaces.srv import AddThreeInts       # CHANGE
import sys
import rclpy
from rclpy.node import Node


class MinimalClientAsync(Node):

    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__('minimal_client_async')
        self.cli = self.create_client(AddThreeInts, 'add_three_ints')       # CHANGE
        while not self.cli.wait_for_service(timeout_sec=1.0):
            self.get_logger().info('service not available, waiting again...')
        self.req = AddThreeInts.Request()                                   # CHANGE

    def send_request(self):
        self.req.a = int(sys.argv[1])
        self.req.b = int(sys.argv[2])
        self.req.c = int(sys.argv[3])                  # CHANGE
        self.future = self.cli.call_async(self.req)


def main(args=None):
    rclpy.init(args=args)

    minimal_client = MinimalClientAsync()
    minimal_client.send_request()

    while rclpy.ok():
        rclpy.spin_once(minimal_client)
        if minimal_client.future.done():
            try:
                response = minimal_client.future.result()
            except Exception as e:
                minimal_client.get_logger().info(
                    'Service call failed %r' % (e,))
            else:
                minimal_client.get_logger().info(
                    'Result of add_three_ints: for %d + %d + %d = %d' %                               # CHANGE
                    (minimal_client.req.a, minimal_client.req.b, minimal_client.req.c, response.sum)) # CHANGE
            break

    minimal_client.destroy_node()
    rclpy.shutdown()


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

3.1添加依赖

#setup.py
    entry_points={
        'console_scripts': [
        	'talker = py_tutorial.talker:main',
        	'listener = py_tutorial.listener:main',
        	'server = py_tutorial.server:main',
        	'client = py_tutorial.client:main',
        ],
        
#package.xml
 <exec_depend>tutorial_interfaces</exec_depend>
   <exec_depend>rclpy</exec_depend>
  <exec_depend>std_msgs</exec_depend>

3.2编译激活运行

第一个终端
colcon build --packages-select py_tutorial
. install/setup.bash
ros2 run py_tutorial talker

第二个终端（ctrl+shift T）
. install/setup.bash
ros2 run py_tutorial listener


第三个终端
. install/setup.bash
ros2 run py_tutorial server

第四个终端
. install/setup.bash
ros2 run py_tutorial client 2 3 1