欧拉角、旋转向量和旋转矩阵的相互转换

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提示:若只有一个方向的旋转则可以用下面公司计算旋转角度(幅值):
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Mat eulerAnglesToRotationMatrix(Vec3f &theta)
{
    // Calculate rotation about x axis
    Mat R_x = (Mat_<double>(3,3) <<
        1,       0,              0,
        0,       cos(theta[0]),   -sin(theta[0]),
        0,       sin(theta[0]),   cos(theta[0])
    );
    // Calculate rotation about y axis
    Mat R_y = (Mat_<double>(3,3) <<
        cos(theta[1]),    0,      sin(theta[1]),
        0,               1,      0,
        -sin(theta[1]),   0,      cos(theta[1])
    );
    // Calculate rotation about z axis
    Mat R_z = (Mat_<double>(3,3) <<
        cos(theta[2]),    -sin(theta[2]),      0,
        sin(theta[2]),    cos(theta[2]),       0,
        0,               0,                  1
    );
    // Combined rotation matrix
    Mat R = R_z * R_y * R_x;
    return R;
}
Vec3f rotationMatrixToEulerAngles(Mat &R)
{
    float sy = sqrt(R.at<double>(0,0) * R.at<double>(0,0) +  R.at<double>(1,0) * R.at<double>(1,0) );
    bool singular = sy < 1e-6; // If
    float x, y, z;
    if (!singular)
    {
        x = atan2(R.at<double>(2,1) , R.at<double>(2,2));
        y = atan2(-R.at<double>(2,0), sy);
        z = atan2(R.at<double>(1,0), R.at<double>(0,0));
    }
    else
    {
        x = atan2(-R.at<double>(1,2), R.at<double>(1,1));
        y = atan2(-R.at<double>(2,0), sy);
        z = 0;
    }
    #if 1
    x = x*180.0f/3.141592653589793f;
    y = y*180.0f/3.141592653589793f;
    z = z*180.0f/3.141592653589793f;
    #endif
    return Vec3f(x, y, z);
}
Python语言实现:
def rotationMatrixToEulerAngles(rvecs):
    R = np.zeros((3, 3), dtype=np.float64)
    cv2.Rodrigues(rvecs, R)
    sy = math.sqrt(R[0,0] * R[0,0] +  R[1,0] * R[1,0])
    singular = sy < 1e-6
    if  not singular:
        x = math.atan2(R[2,1] , R[2,2])
        y = math.atan2(-R[2,0], sy)
        z = math.atan2(R[1,0], R[0,0])
    else :
        x = math.atan2(-R[1,2], R[1,1])
        y = math.atan2(-R[2,0], sy)
        z = 0
    #print('dst:', R)
    x = x*180.0/3.141592653589793
    y = y*180.0/3.141592653589793
    z = z*180.0/3.141592653589793
    return x,y,z
def eulerAnglesToRotationMatrix(angles1) :
    theta = np.zeros((3, 1), dtype=np.float64)
    theta[0] = angles1[0]*3.141592653589793/180.0
    theta[1] = angles1[1]*3.141592653589793/180.0
    theta[2] = angles1[2]*3.141592653589793/180.0
    R_x = np.array([[1,         0,                  0                   ],
                    [0,         math.cos(theta[0]), -math.sin(theta[0]) ],
                    [0,         math.sin(theta[0]), math.cos(theta[0])  ]
                    ])
    R_y = np.array([[math.cos(theta[1]),    0,      math.sin(theta[1])  ],
                    [0,                     1,      0                   ],
                    [-math.sin(theta[1]),   0,      math.cos(theta[1])  ]
                    ])
    R_z = np.array([[math.cos(theta[2]),    -math.sin(theta[2]),    0],
                    [math.sin(theta[2]),    math.cos(theta[2]),     0],
                    [0,                     0,                      1]
                    ])
    R = np.dot(R_z, np.dot( R_y, R_x ))
    sy = math.sqrt(R[0,0] * R[0,0] +  R[1,0] * R[1,0])
    singular = sy < 1e-6
    if  not singular:
        x = math.atan2(R[2,1] , R[2,2])
        y = math.atan2(-R[2,0], sy)
        z = math.atan2(R[1,0], R[0,0])
    else :
        x = math.atan2(-R[1,2], R[1,1])
        y = math.atan2(-R[2,0], sy)
        z = 0
    #print('dst:', R)
    x = x*180.0/3.141592653589793
    y = y*180.0/3.141592653589793
    z = z*180.0/3.141592653589793
    #rvecs = np.zeros((1, 1, 3), dtype=np.float64)
    #rvecs,_ = cv2.Rodrigues(R, rvecstmp)
    return x,y,z

在这里插入图片描述
在这里插入图片描述以下代码用来实现旋转向量到旋转矩阵及旋转矩阵到旋转向量的转换:

    r_vec[0]=(double)(rotation_vectors[i](0));
    r_vec[1]=(double)(rotation_vectors[i](1));
    r_vec[2]=(double)(rotation_vectors[i](2));
    
    cvInitMatHeader(pr_vec,1,3,CV_64FC1,r_vec,CV_AUTOSTEP);
    cvInitMatHeader(pR_matrix,3,3,CV_64FC1,R_matrix,CV_AUTOSTEP);
    
    cvRodrigues2(pr_vec, pR_matrix, 0);//从旋转向量求旋转矩阵
    
    cvRodrigues2(pR_matrix, pnew_vec, 0);//从旋转矩阵求旋转向量
    Mat rotation_vec_tmp(pnew_vec->rows,pnew_vec->cols,pnew_vec->type,pnew_vec->data.fl);
    
    //cvMat转Mat
    Mat rotation_matrix_tmp(pR_matrix->rows,pR_matrix->cols,pR_matrix->type,pR_matrix->data.fl);
    //eulerAngles = rotationMatrixToEulerAngles(rotation_matrix_tmp, 0);
    //rotation_matrix_tmp = eulerAnglesToRotationMatrix(eulerAngles);
    eulerAngles = rotationMatrixToEulerAngles(rotation_matrix_tmp, 1);//0表示输出为弧度,否则表示输出为角度

对应的python代码如下:

R = np.zeros((3, 3), dtype=np.float64)
cv2.Rodrigues(rvecs, R)
rvecs = np.zeros((1, 1, 3), dtype=np.float64)
rvecs,_ = cv2.Rodrigues(R, rvecstmp)

相互转换的完整代码
完整的测试C++程序如下:
#include <iostream>
#include <sstream>
#include <time.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <fstream>
#include <cmath>

#include <opencv2/core/core.hpp>
#include <opencv2/imgproc/imgproc.hpp>
#include <opencv2/calib3d/calib3d.hpp>
#include <opencv2/highgui/highgui.hpp>

using namespace cv;
using namespace std;

// Calculates rotation matrix given euler angles.
Mat eulerAnglesToRotationMatrix(Vec3f &theta)
{
    // Calculate rotation about x axis
    Mat R_x = (Mat_<double>(3,3) <<
        1,       0,              0,
        0,       cos(theta[0]),   -sin(theta[0]),
        0,       sin(theta[0]),   cos(theta[0])
    );
    // Calculate rotation about y axis
    Mat R_y = (Mat_<double>(3,3) <<
        cos(theta[1]),    0,      sin(theta[1]),
        0,               1,      0,
        -sin(theta[1]),   0,      cos(theta[1])
    );
    // Calculate rotation about z axis
    Mat R_z = (Mat_<double>(3,3) <<
        cos(theta[2]),    -sin(theta[2]),      0,
        sin(theta[2]),    cos(theta[2]),       0,
        0,               0,                  1
    );
    // Combined rotation matrix
    Mat R = R_z * R_y * R_x;
    return R;
}

// Checks if a matrix is a valid rotation matrix.
bool isRotationMatrix(Mat &R)
{
    Mat Rt;
    transpose(R, Rt);
    Mat shouldBeIdentity = Rt * R;
    Mat I = Mat::eye(3,3, shouldBeIdentity.type());
    return  norm(I, shouldBeIdentity) < 1e-6;
}
 
// Calculates rotation matrix to euler angles
// The result is the same as MATLAB except the order
// of the euler angles ( x and z are swapped ).
Vec3f rotationMatrixToEulerAngles(Mat &R)
{
    //assert(isRotationMatrix(R));
    float sy = sqrt(R.at<double>(0,0) * R.at<double>(0,0) +  R.at<double>(1,0) * R.at<double>(1,0) );
    bool singular = sy < 1e-6; // If
    float x, y, z;
    if (!singular)
    {
        x = atan2(R.at<double>(2,1) , R.at<double>(2,2));
        y = atan2(-R.at<double>(2,0), sy);
        z = atan2(R.at<double>(1,0), R.at<double>(0,0));
    }
    else
    {
        x = atan2(-R.at<double>(1,2), R.at<double>(1,1));
        y = atan2(-R.at<double>(2,0), sy);
        z = 0;
    }
    #if 1
    x = x*180.0f/3.141592653589793f;
    y = y*180.0f/3.141592653589793f;
    z = z*180.0f/3.141592653589793f;
    #endif
    return Vec3f(x, y, z);
}

int main()
{
    //Mat rotation_matrix = Mat(3, 3, CV_32FC1, Scalar::all(0)); /* 保存每幅图像的旋转矩阵 */
    Vec3f eulerAngles;
    
    int i;
    //double r_vec[3]={-2.100418,-2.167796,0.273330};[[0.78520514][0.0233998 ][0.00969251
    double r_vec[3]={0.78520514,0.0233998,0.00969251};//eulerAngles[45,1,1]
    double R_matrix[9];
    //CvMat *pr_vec;
    //CvMat *pR_matrix;
    CvMat *pr_vec = cvCreateMat(1,3,CV_64FC1);
    CvMat *pR_matrix = cvCreateMat(3,3,CV_64FC1);
    cvInitMatHeader(pr_vec, 1, 3, CV_64FC1, r_vec, CV_AUTOSTEP);
    cvInitMatHeader(pR_matrix, 3, 3, CV_64FC1, R_matrix, CV_AUTOSTEP);
    cvRodrigues2(pr_vec, pR_matrix, 0);
    Mat rotation_matrix(pR_matrix->rows,pR_matrix->cols,pR_matrix->type,pR_matrix->data.fl);
    eulerAngles = rotationMatrixToEulerAngles(rotation_matrix);
    cout << "pR_matrix = " << endl;
    cout << rotation_matrix << endl;
    cout << "eulerAngles = " << endl;
    cout << eulerAngles << endl;
    
    Mat_<double> r_l = (Mat_<double>(3, 1) << 0.78520514,0.0233998,0.00969251);//左摄像机的旋转向量
    Mat R_L;
    Rodrigues(r_l, R_L);
    eulerAngles = rotationMatrixToEulerAngles(R_L);
    cout << "R_L = " << endl;
    cout << R_L << endl;
    cout << "eulerAngles = " << endl;
    cout << eulerAngles << endl;
    eulerAngles(0) = 90.0;
    eulerAngles(1) = 0.0;
    eulerAngles(2) = 0.0;
    //cvRodrigues2(&pr_vec,&pR_matrix,0);
    return 0;
}

以下makefile用来在linux平台下编译成可执行文件,将它放在makefile的文件中,在终端中输入make即可完成编译:

SOURCE  := $(wildcard ./test_euler.cpp)
#wildcard把指定目录 ./ 下的所有后缀是cpp的文件全部展开。
DIR     := $(notdir $(SOURCE))
#notdir把展开的文件去除掉路径信息
OBJS    := $(patsubst %.cpp,%.o,$(DIR))
#patsubst把$(DIR)中的变量符合后缀是.cpp的全部替换成.o,

# target you can change test to what you want
TARGET  := test
$(CC) = gcc
$(CXX) = g++

#ifeq ($(CC),aarch64-linux-gcc)
#else ifeq ($(findstring arm-poky-linux-gnueabi-gcc,$(CC)), arm-poky-linux-gnueabi-gcc)

LDFLAGS := -L. -L$(SDKTARGETSYSROOT)/usr/lib 
INCLUDE := -I$(SDKTARGETSYSROOT)/usr/include/ -L./lib
LIBS    :=   -lm -lopencv_core -lopencv_highgui \
            -lopencv_imgproc -lopencv_calib3d -lopencv_imgcodecs \
            -lopencv_flann -lopencv_videoio -ljpeg


DEFINES := -Wl,-rpath=./lib

CFLAGS  := -g -Wall $(DEFINES) $(INCLUDE)

CXXFLAGS:= $(CFLAGS)

all : $(TARGET)

$(TARGET) : $(OBJS)
    $(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) -o $@ $(OBJS) $(LDFLAGS) $(LIBS)
    echo $(CC) $(TARGET) ok

objs : $(OBJS)

rebuild: clean everything

clean :
    rm -rf *.o
    rm -rf $(TARGET)

完整的测试Python程序如下:

import tkinter as tk
import tkinter.font as tkFont
import tkinter.messagebox
import tkinter.ttk as ttk
from tkinter import filedialog
import cv2
import numpy as np
import time
from PIL import Image,ImageTk
import threading
import os
import re    
import subprocess
import random
import math
# Calculates Rotation Matrix given euler angles.
def eulerAnglesToRotationMatrix(angles1) :
    theta = np.zeros((3, 1), dtype=np.float64)
    theta[0] = angles1[0]*3.141592653589793/180.0
    theta[1] = angles1[1]*3.141592653589793/180.0
    theta[2] = angles1[2]*3.141592653589793/180.0
    R_x = np.array([[1,         0,                  0                   ],
                    [0,         math.cos(theta[0]), -math.sin(theta[0]) ],
                    [0,         math.sin(theta[0]), math.cos(theta[0])  ]
                    ])
    R_y = np.array([[math.cos(theta[1]),    0,      math.sin(theta[1])  ],
                    [0,                     1,      0                   ],
                    [-math.sin(theta[1]),   0,      math.cos(theta[1])  ]
                    ])
    R_z = np.array([[math.cos(theta[2]),    -math.sin(theta[2]),    0],
                    [math.sin(theta[2]),    math.cos(theta[2]),     0],
                    [0,                     0,                      1]
                    ])
    R = np.dot(R_z, np.dot( R_y, R_x ))
    sy = math.sqrt(R[0,0] * R[0,0] +  R[1,0] * R[1,0])
    singular = sy < 1e-6
    if  not singular:
        x = math.atan2(R[2,1] , R[2,2])
        y = math.atan2(-R[2,0], sy)
        z = math.atan2(R[1,0], R[0,0])
    else :
        x = math.atan2(-R[1,2], R[1,1])
        y = math.atan2(-R[2,0], sy)
        z = 0
    #print('dst:', R)
    x = x*180.0/3.141592653589793
    y = y*180.0/3.141592653589793
    z = z*180.0/3.141592653589793
    rvecs = np.zeros((1, 1, 3), dtype=np.float64)
    rvecs,_ = cv2.Rodrigues(R, rvecstmp)
    #print()
    return R,rvecs,x,y,z

def rotationMatrixToEulerAngles(rvecs):
    R = np.zeros((3, 3), dtype=np.float64)
    cv2.Rodrigues(rvecs, R)
    sy = math.sqrt(R[0,0] * R[0,0] +  R[1,0] * R[1,0])
    singular = sy < 1e-6
    if  not singular:
        x = math.atan2(R[2,1] , R[2,2])
        y = math.atan2(-R[2,0], sy)
        z = math.atan2(R[1,0], R[0,0])
    else :
        x = math.atan2(-R[1,2], R[1,1])
        y = math.atan2(-R[2,0], sy)
        z = 0
    #print('dst:', R)
    x = x*180.0/3.141592653589793
    y = y*180.0/3.141592653589793
    z = z*180.0/3.141592653589793
    return x,y,z

if(__name__=='__main__'):
    eulerAngles = np.zeros((3, 1), dtype=np.float64)
    eulerAngles[0] = 45.0
    eulerAngles[1] = 0.0
    eulerAngles[2] = 0.0
    R,rvecstmp,x,y,z = eulerAnglesToRotationMatrix(eulerAngles)
    #rvecstmp[0] = -2.100418
    #rvecstmp[1] = -2.167796
    #rvecstmp[2] = 0.273330 0.75467396][-0.00747155][ 0.00896453
    rvecstmp[0] = 0.75467396
    rvecstmp[1] = -0.00747155
    rvecstmp[2] = 0.00896453
    print(rvecs)
    print(rotationMatrixToEulerAngles(rvecs))

文章转载地址:https://www.jianshu.com/p/5e130c04a602

欧拉角旋转RT矩阵是描述物体在空间中旋转的两种方式。在一些应用领域中,需要将欧拉角转换旋转RT矩阵或者将旋转RT矩阵转换欧拉角。 下面给出欧拉角旋转RT矩阵的相互转换方法: 1. 欧拉角旋转RT矩阵 将欧拉角转换旋转RT矩阵的方法通常采用以下步骤: (1) 计算绕Z轴旋转旋转矩阵Rz,绕Y轴旋转旋转矩阵Ry,绕X轴旋转旋转矩阵Rx。 (2) 计算旋转矩阵RT = Rz * Ry * Rx。 例如,如果给定欧拉角α、β、γ,则旋转矩阵RT可以计算为: $$ RT = R_z(\gamma)R_y(\beta)R_x(\alpha) $$ 其中,Rz、Ry和Rx分别是绕Z轴、Y轴和X轴旋转旋转矩阵。 2. 旋转RT矩阵欧拉角旋转RT矩阵转换欧拉角的方法有多种。以下是其中一种可能的方法: (1) 求出旋转矩阵RT的第三列向量(即旋转后的z轴方向),其模长为cosθ。 (2) 求出第三列向量在xoy平面上的投影,记为V1。 (3) 分别计算绕x轴和z轴的旋转角度α和γ,使得旋转矩阵Rz(Rx(θ)V1)Ry(β)Rz(γ)的第三列向量与RT的第三列向量相同。 (4) 计算β的值:β = arccos(RT[0][2]/cosθ)或β = -arccos(RT[0][2]/cosθ),取决于sinβ的正负号。 其中RT[0][2]是矩阵RT的第一行第三列元素,cosθ是矩阵RT的第三列向量长度。 总结一下,欧拉角旋转RT矩阵的相互转换方法是比较复杂的,需要根据具体情况选用适合的方法进行转换。同时,在进行相关计算时,需要注意数值计算的精度问题,以避免误差的积累。
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