写在前面
TransformFusion类
功能简介：
主要功能是订阅激光里程计（来自MapOptimization）和IMU里程计，根据前一时刻激光里程计，和该时刻到当前时刻的IMU里程计变换增量，计算当前时刻IMU里程计；
rviz展示IMU里程计轨迹（局部）。
订阅：
1、订阅激光里程计，来自MapOptimization；
2、订阅imu里程计，来自ImuPreintegration。
发布：
1、发布IMU里程计，用于rviz展示；
2、发布IMU里程计轨迹，仅展示最近一帧激光里程计时刻到当前时刻之间的轨迹。
IMUPreintegration类
功能简介：
1、用激光里程计，两帧激光里程计之间的IMU预积分量构建因子图，优化当前帧的状态（包括位姿、速度、偏置）;
2、以优化后的状态为基础，施加IMU预积分量，得到每一时刻的IMU里程计。
订阅：
1、订阅IMU原始数据，以因子图优化后的激光里程计为基础，施加两帧之间的IMU预积分量，预测每一时刻（IMU频率）的IMU里程计；
2、订阅激光里程计（来自MapOptimization）,用两帧之间的IMU预积分构建因子图，优化当前帧位姿（每个位姿仅用于更新每时刻的IMU里程计，以及下一次因子图优化）。
发布：
1、发布IMU里程计。
定义参数：
using gtsam::symbol_shorthand::X; // Pose3 (x,y,z,r,p,y)
using gtsam::symbol_shorthand::V; // Vel (xdot,ydot,zdot)
using gtsam::symbol_shorthand::B; // Bias (ax,ay,az,gx,gy,gz)
TransformFusion整体代码
public:
std::mutex mtx;
ros::Subscriber subImuOdometry;
ros::Subscriber subLaserOdometry;
ros::Publisher pubImuOdometry;
ros::Publisher pubImuPath;
Eigen::Affine3f lidarOdomAffine;
Eigen::Affine3f imuOdomAffineFront;
Eigen::Affine3f imuOdomAffineBack;
tf::TransformListener tfListener;
tf::StampedTransform lidar2Baselink;
double lidarOdomTime = -1;
deque<nav_msgs::Odometry> imuOdomQueue;
class TransformFusion : public ParamServer
{
public:
std::mutex mtx;
ros::Subscriber subImuOdometry;
ros::Subscriber subLaserOdometry;
ros::Publisher pubImuOdometry;
ros::Publisher pubImuPath;
Eigen::Affine3f lidarOdomAffine;
Eigen::Affine3f imuOdomAffineFront;
Eigen::Affine3f imuOdomAffineBack;
tf::TransformListener tfListener;
tf::StampedTransform lidar2Baselink;
double lidarOdomTime = -1;
deque<nav_msgs::Odometry> imuOdomQueue;
/**
* 构造函数
*/
TransformFusion()
{
// 如果lidar系与baselink系不同（激光系和载体系），需要外部提供二者之间的转换关系
if(lidarFrame != baselinkFrame)
{
try
{
// 等待3s
tfListener.waitForTransform(lidarFrame, baselinkFrame, ros::Time(0), ros::Duration(3.0));
// lidar系到baselink系的变换
tfListener.lookupTransform(lidarFrame, baselinkFrame, ros::Time(0), lidar2Baselink);
}
catch (tf::TransformException ex)
{
ROS_ERROR("%s",ex.what());
}
}
//订阅激光里程计，来自mapOptimization
subLaserOdometry = nh.subscribe<nav_msgs::Odometry>("lio_sam/mapping/odometry", 5, &TransformFusion::lidarOdometryHandler, this, ros::TransportHints().tcpNoDelay());
//订阅imu里程计，来自IMUPreintegration
subImuOdometry = nh.subscribe<nav_msgs::Odometry>(odomTopic+"_incremental", 2000, &TransformFusion::imuOdometryHandler, this, ros::TransportHints().tcpNoDelay());
//发布imu里程计，用于rviz展示
pubImuOdometry = nh.advertise<nav_msgs::Odometry>(odomTopic, 2000);
//发布imu里程计轨迹
pubImuPath = nh.advertise<nav_msgs::Path> ("lio_sam/imu/path", 1);
}
/**
* 里程计对应变换矩阵
*/
Eigen::Affine3f odom2affine(nav_msgs::Odometry odom)
{
double x, y, z, roll, pitch, yaw;
x = odom.pose.pose.position.x;
y = odom.pose.pose.position.y;
z = odom.pose.pose.position.z;
tf::Quaternion orientation;
tf::quaternionMsgToTF(odom.pose.pose.orientation, orientation);
tf::Matrix3x3(orientation).getRPY(roll, pitch, yaw);
return pcl::getTransformation(x, y, z, roll, pitch, yaw);
}
/**
* 订阅激光里程计，来自mapOptimization
*/
void lidarOdometryHandler(const nav_msgs::Odometry::ConstPtr& odomMsg)
{
std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mtx);
//激光里程计对应变换矩阵
lidarOdomAffine = odom2affine(*odomMsg);
//激光里程计时间戳
lidarOdomTime = odomMsg->header.stamp.toSec();
}
/**
* 订阅imu里程计，来自IMUPreintegration
* 1.以最近一帧激光里程计位姿为基础，计算该时刻与当前时刻imu里程计增量位姿变换，相乘得到当前时刻imu里程计位姿
* 2.发布当前时刻里程计位姿，用于rviz展示；发布imu里程计路径，注：只是最近一帧激光里程计时刻与当前时刻之间的一段
*/
void imuOdometryHandler(const nav_msgs::Odometry::ConstPtr& odomMsg)
{
// static tf
// 发布tf，map与odom系设为同一个系
static tf::TransformBroadcaster tfMap2Odom;
static tf::Transform map_to_odom = tf::Transform(tf::createQuaternionFromRPY(0, 0, 0), tf::Vector3(0, 0, 0));
tfMap2Odom.sendTransform(tf::StampedTransform(map_to_odom, odomMsg->header.stamp, mapFrame, odometryFrame));
std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mtx);
// 添加imu里程计到队列
imuOdomQueue.push_back(*odomMsg);
// get latest odometry (at current IMU stamp)
// 从imu里程计队列中删除当前（最近的一帧）激光里程计时刻之前的数据
if (lidarOdomTime == -1)
return;
while (!imuOdomQueue.empty())
{
if (imuOdomQueue.front().header.stamp.toSec() <= lidarOdomTime)
imuOdomQueue.pop_front();
else
break;
}
// 最近的一帧激光里程计时刻对应imu里程计位姿
Eigen::Affine3f imuOdomAffineFront = odom2affine(imuOdomQueue.front());
// 当前时刻imu里程计位姿
Eigen::Affine3f imuOdomAffineBack = odom2affine(imuOdomQueue.back());
// imu里程计增量位姿变换
Eigen::Affine3f imuOdomAffineIncre = imuOdomAffineFront.inverse() * imuOdomAffineBack;
Eigen::Affine3f imuOdomAffineLast = lidarOdomAffine * imuOdomAffineIncre;
float x, y, z, roll, pitch, yaw;
pcl::getTranslationAndEulerAngles(imuOdomAffineLast, x, y, z, roll, pitch, yaw);
// publish latest odometry
// 发布当前时刻里程计位姿
nav_msgs::Odometry laserOdometry = imuOdomQueue.back();
laserOdometry.pose.pose.position.x = x;
laserOdometry.pose.pose.position.y = y;
laserOdometry.pose.pose.position.z = z;
laserOdometry.pose.pose.orientation = tf::createQuaternionMsgFromRollPitchYaw(roll, pitch, yaw);
pubImuOdometry.publish(laserOdometry);
// publish tf
// 发布tf，当前时刻odom与baselink系变换关系
static tf::TransformBroadcaster tfOdom2BaseLink;
tf::Transform tCur;
tf::poseMsgToTF(laserOdometry.pose.pose, tCur);
if(lidarFrame != baselinkFrame)
tCur = tCur * lidar2Baselink;
tf::StampedTransform odom_2_baselink = tf::StampedTransform(tCur, odomMsg->header.stamp, odometryFrame, baselinkFrame);
tfOdom2BaseLink.sendTransform(odom_2_baselink);
// publish IMU path
// 发布imu里程计路径，注：只是最近一帧激光里程计时刻与当前时刻之间的一段
static nav_msgs::Path imuPath;
static double last_path_time = -1;
double imuTime = imuOdomQueue.back().header.stamp.toSec();
// 每隔0.1s添加一个
if (imuTime - last_path_time > 0.1)
{
last_path_time = imuTime;
geometry_msgs::PoseStamped pose_stamped;
pose_stamped.header.stamp = imuOdomQueue.back().header.stamp;
pose_stamped.header.frame_id = odometryFrame;
pose_stamped.pose = laserOdometry.pose.pose;
imuPath.poses.push_back(pose_stamped);
//删除最近一帧激光里程计时刻之前的imu里程计
while(!imuPath.poses.empty() && imuPath.poses.front().header.stamp.toSec() < lidarOdomTime - 1.0)
imuPath.poses.erase(imuPath.poses.begin());
if (pubImuPath.getNumSubscribers() != 0)
{
imuPath.header.stamp = imuOdomQueue.back().header.stamp;
imuPath.header.frame_id = odometryFrame;
pubImuPath.publish(imuPath);
}
}
}
};
IMUPreintegration整体代码：
class IMUPreintegration : public ParamServer
{
public:
//ImuPreintegration成员变量
std::mutex mtx;
// 订阅与发布
ros::Subscriber subImu;
ros::Subscriber subOdometry;
ros::Publisher pubImuOdometry;
bool systemInitialized = false;
//噪声协方差
gtsam::noiseModel::Diagonal::shared_ptr priorPoseNoise;
gtsam::noiseModel::Diagonal::shared_ptr priorVelNoise;
gtsam::noiseModel::Diagonal::shared_ptr priorBiasNoise;
gtsam::noiseModel::Diagonal::shared_ptr correctionNoise;
gtsam::noiseModel::Diagonal::shared_ptr correctionNoise2;
gtsam::Vector noiseModelBetweenBias;
//imu预积分器
gtsam::PreintegratedImuMeasurements *imuIntegratorOpt_;
gtsam::PreintegratedImuMeasurements *imuIntegratorImu_;
//imu数据队列
std::deque<sensor_msgs::Imu> imuQueOpt;
std::deque<sensor_msgs::Imu> imuQueImu;
//imu因子图优化过程中的状态变量
gtsam::Pose3 prevPose_;
gtsam::Vector3 prevVel_;
gtsam::NavState prevState_;
gtsam::imuBias::ConstantBias prevBias_;
//imu状态
gtsam::NavState prevStateOdom;
gtsam::imuBias::ConstantBias prevBiasOdom;
bool doneFirstOpt = false;
double lastImuT_imu = -1;
double lastImuT_opt = -1;
//ISAM2优化器
gtsam::ISAM2 optimizer;
gtsam::NonlinearFactorGraph graphFactors;
gtsam::Values graphValues;
const double delta_t = 0;
int key = 1;
//imu-lidar位姿变换
gtsam::Pose3 imu2Lidar = gtsam::Pose3(gtsam::Rot3(1, 0, 0, 0), gtsam::Point3(-extTrans.x(), -extTrans.y(), -extTrans.z()));
gtsam::Pose3 lidar2Imu = gtsam::Pose3(gtsam::Rot3(1, 0, 0, 0), gtsam::Point3(extTrans.x(), extTrans.y(), extTrans.z()));
/**
* 构造函数
*/
IMUPreintegration()
{
// 订阅imu原始数据，用下面因子图优化的结果，施加两帧之间的imu预积分量，预测每一时刻（imu频率）的imu里程计
subImu = nh.subscribe<sensor_msgs::Imu> (imuTopic, 2000, &IMUPreintegration::imuHandler, this, ros::TransportHints().tcpNoDelay());
// 订阅激光里程计，来自mapOptimization，用两帧之间的imu预积分量构建因子图，优化当前帧位姿（这个位姿仅用于更新每时刻的imu里程计，以及下一次因子图优化）
subOdometry = nh.subscribe<nav_msgs::Odometry>("lio_sam/mapping/odometry_incremental", 5, &IMUPreintegration::odometryHandler, this, ros::TransportHints().tcpNoDelay());
// 发布imu里程计
pubImuOdometry = nh.advertise<nav_msgs::Odometry> (odomTopic+"_incremental", 2000);
// imu预积分的噪声协方差
boost::shared_ptr<gtsam::PreintegrationParams> p = gtsam::PreintegrationParams::MakeSharedU(imuGravity);
p->accelerometerCovariance = gtsam::Matrix33::Identity(3,3) * pow(imuAccNoise, 2); // acc white noise in continuous
p->gyroscopeCovariance = gtsam::Matrix33::Identity(3,3) * pow(imuGyrNoise, 2); // gyro white noise in continuous
p->integrationCovariance = gtsam::Matrix33::Identity(3,3) * pow(1e-4, 2); // error committed in integrating position from velocities
gtsam::imuBias::ConstantBias prior_imu_bias((gtsam::Vector(6) << 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0).finished());; // assume zero initial bias 假设初始偏差为0
// 噪声先验
priorPoseNoise = gtsam::noiseModel::Diagonal::Sigmas((gtsam::Vector(6) << 1e-2, 1e-2, 1e-2, 1e-2, 1e-2, 1e-2).finished()); // rad,rad,rad,m, m, m
priorVelNoise = gtsam::noiseModel::Isotropic::Sigma(3, 1e4); // m/s
priorBiasNoise = gtsam::noiseModel::Isotropic::Sigma(6, 1e-3); // 1e-2 ~ 1e-3 seems to be good
// 激光里程计scan-to-map优化过程中发生退化，则选择一个较大的协方差
correctionNoise = gtsam::noiseModel::Diagonal::Sigmas((gtsam::Vector(6) << 0.05, 0.05, 0.05, 0.1, 0.1, 0.1).finished()); // rad,rad,rad,m, m, m
correctionNoise2 = gtsam::noiseModel::Diagonal::Sigmas((gtsam::Vector(6) << 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1).finished()); // rad,rad,rad,m, m, m
noiseModelBetweenBias = (gtsam::Vector(6) << imuAccBiasN, imuAccBiasN, imuAccBiasN, imuGyrBiasN, imuGyrBiasN, imuGyrBiasN).finished();
//imu预积分器，用于预测每一时刻（imu频率）的imu里程计（转到lidar系了，与激光里程计同一个系）
imuIntegratorImu_ = new gtsam::PreintegratedImuMeasurements(p, prior_imu_bias); // setting up the IMU integration for IMU message thread
//imu预积分器，用于因子图优化
imuIntegratorOpt_ = new gtsam::PreintegratedImuMeasurements(p, prior_imu_bias); // setting up the IMU integration for optimization
}
/**
* 重置ISAM2优化器
*/
void resetOptimization()
{
gtsam::ISAM2Params optParameters;
optParameters.relinearizeThreshold = 0.1;
optParameters.relinearizeSkip = 1;
optimizer = gtsam::ISAM2(optParameters);
gtsam::NonlinearFactorGraph newGraphFactors;
graphFactors = newGraphFactors;
gtsam::Values NewGraphValues;
graphValues = NewGraphValues;
}
/**
* 重置参数
*/
void resetParams()
{
lastImuT_imu = -1;
doneFirstOpt = false;
systemInitialized = false;
}
//订阅激光里程计
/**
* 订阅激光里程计，来自mapOptimization
* 1.每隔100帧激光里程计，重置ISAM2优化器，添加里程计、速度、偏置先验因子，执行优化
* 2.计算前一帧激光里程计与当前帧激光里程计之间的imu预积分量，用前一帧状态施加预积分量得到当前帧初始状态估计，添加来自mapOptimization的当前帧位姿，进行因子图优化，更新当前状态
* 3.优化之后，执行重传播；优化更新了imu的偏置，用最新的偏置重新计算当前激光里程计时刻之后的imu预积分，这个预积分用于计算每时刻位姿
*/
void odometryHandler(const nav_msgs::Odometry::ConstPtr& odomMsg)
{
std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mtx);
//当前帧激光里程计时间戳
double currentCorrectionTime = ROS_TIME(odomMsg);
// 确保imu优化队列中有imu数据进行预积分
if (imuQueOpt.empty())
return;
float p_x = odomMsg->pose.pose.position.x;
float p_y = odomMsg->pose.pose.position.y;
float p_z = odomMsg->pose.pose.position.z;
float r_x = odomMsg->pose.pose.orientation.x;
float r_y = odomMsg->pose.pose.orientation.y;
float r_z = odomMsg->pose.pose.orientation.z;
float r_w = odomMsg->pose.pose.orientation.w;
bool degenerate = (int)odomMsg->pose.covariance[0] == 1 ? true : false;
gtsam::Pose3 lidarPose = gtsam::Pose3(gtsam::Rot3::Quaternion(r_w, r_x, r_y, r_z), gtsam::Point3(p_x, p_y, p_z));
// 1. 系统初始化，第一帧
if (systemInitialized == false)
{
//重置ISAM2优化器
resetOptimization();
// 从imu优化队列中删除当前帧激光里程计时刻之前的imu数据
while (!imuQueOpt.empty())
{
if (ROS_TIME(&imuQueOpt.front()) < currentCorrectionTime - delta_t)
{
lastImuT_opt = ROS_TIME(&imuQueOpt.front());
imuQueOpt.pop_front();
}
else
break;
}
// initial pose
// 添加里程计位姿先验因子
prevPose_ = lidarPose.compose(lidar2Imu);
gtsam::PriorFactor<gtsam::Pose3> priorPose(X(0), prevPose_, priorPoseNoise);
graphFactors.add(priorPose);
// initial velocity
// 添加速度先验因子
prevVel_ = gtsam::Vector3(0, 0, 0);
gtsam::PriorFactor<gtsam::Vector3> priorVel(V(0), prevVel_, priorVelNoise);
graphFactors.add(priorVel);
// initial bias
// 添加imu偏置先验因子
prevBias_ = gtsam::imuBias::ConstantBias();
gtsam::PriorFactor<gtsam::imuBias::ConstantBias> priorBias(B(0), prevBias_, priorBiasNoise);
graphFactors.add(priorBias);
// add values
// 变量节点赋初值
graphValues.insert(X(0), prevPose_);
graphValues.insert(V(0), prevVel_);
graphValues.insert(B(0), prevBias_);
// optimize once
// 优化一次
optimizer.update(graphFactors, graphValues);
graphFactors.resize(0);
graphValues.clear();
//重置优化之后的偏置
imuIntegratorImu_->resetIntegrationAndSetBias(prevBias_);
imuIntegratorOpt_->resetIntegrationAndSetBias(prevBias_);
key = 1;
systemInitialized = true;
return;
}
// reset graph for speed
// 每隔100帧激光里程计，重置ISAM2优化器，保证优化效率
if (key == 100)
{
// get updated noise before reset
// 前一帧的位姿、速度、偏置噪声模型
gtsam::noiseModel::Gaussian::shared_ptr updatedPoseNoise = gtsam::noiseModel::Gaussian::Covariance(optimizer.marginalCovariance(X(key-1)));
gtsam::noiseModel::Gaussian::shared_ptr updatedVelNoise = gtsam::noiseModel::Gaussian::Covariance(optimizer.marginalCovariance(V(key-1)));
gtsam::noiseModel::Gaussian::shared_ptr updatedBiasNoise = gtsam::noiseModel::Gaussian::Covariance(optimizer.marginalCovariance(B(key-1)));
// reset graph
// 重置ISAM2优化器
resetOptimization();
// add pose
// 添加位姿先验因子，用前一帧的值初始化
gtsam::PriorFactor<gtsam::Pose3> priorPose(X(0), prevPose_, updatedPoseNoise);
graphFactors.add(priorPose);
// add velocity
// 添加速度先验因子，用前一帧的值初始化
gtsam::PriorFactor<gtsam::Vector3> priorVel(V(0), prevVel_, updatedVelNoise);
graphFactors.add(priorVel);
// add bias
// 添加偏置先验因子，用前一帧的值初始化
gtsam::PriorFactor<gtsam::imuBias::ConstantBias> priorBias(B(0), prevBias_, updatedBiasNoise);
graphFactors.add(priorBias);
// add values
// 变量节点赋初值，用前一帧的值初始化
graphValues.insert(X(0), prevPose_);
graphValues.insert(V(0), prevVel_);
graphValues.insert(B(0), prevBias_);
// optimize once
// 优化一次
optimizer.update(graphFactors, graphValues);
graphFactors.resize(0);
graphValues.clear();
key = 1;
}
// 2. integrate imu data and optimize
// 2.计算前一帧与当前帧之间的imu预积分量，用前一帧状态施加预积分量得到当前帧初始状态估计，添加来自mapOptimization的当前帧位姿，进行因子图优化，更新当前帧状态
while (!imuQueOpt.empty())
{
// pop and integrate imu data that is between two optimizations
// 提取前一帧与当前帧之间的imu数据，计算预积分
sensor_msgs::Imu *thisImu = &imuQueOpt.front();
double imuTime = ROS_TIME(thisImu);
if (imuTime < currentCorrectionTime - delta_t)
{
//两帧imu数据时间间隔
double dt = (lastImuT_opt < 0) ? (1.0 / 500.0) : (imuTime - lastImuT_opt);
//imu预积分数据输入：加速度、角速度、dt
imuIntegratorOpt_->integrateMeasurement(
gtsam::Vector3(thisImu->linear_acceleration.x, thisImu->linear_acceleration.y, thisImu->linear_acceleration.z),
gtsam::Vector3(thisImu->angular_velocity.x, thisImu->angular_velocity.y, thisImu->angular_velocity.z), dt);
lastImuT_opt = imuTime;
//从队列中删除已经处理的imu数据
imuQueOpt.pop_front();
}
else
break;
}
// add imu factor to graph
// 添加imu预积分因子
const gtsam::PreintegratedImuMeasurements& preint_imu = dynamic_cast<const gtsam::PreintegratedImuMeasurements&>(*imuIntegratorOpt_);
// 参数：前一帧位姿，前一帧速度，当前帧位姿，当前帧速度，前一帧偏置，预积分量
gtsam::ImuFactor imu_factor(X(key - 1), V(key - 1), X(key), V(key), B(key - 1), preint_imu);
graphFactors.add(imu_factor);
// add imu bias between factor
// 添加imu偏置因子，前一帧偏置，当前帧偏置，观测值，噪声协方差：deltaTij()是积分段的时间
graphFactors.add(gtsam::BetweenFactor<gtsam::imuBias::ConstantBias>(B(key - 1), B(key), gtsam::imuBias::ConstantBias(),
gtsam::noiseModel::Diagonal::Sigmas(sqrt(imuIntegratorOpt_->deltaTij()) * noiseModelBetweenBias)));
// add pose factor 添加位姿因子
gtsam::Pose3 curPose = lidarPose.compose(lidar2Imu);
gtsam::PriorFactor<gtsam::Pose3> pose_factor(X(key), curPose, degenerate ? correctionNoise2 : correctionNoise);
graphFactors.add(pose_factor);
// insert predicted values
// 用前一帧的状态、偏置，施加imu预积分量，得到当前帧的状态
gtsam::NavState propState_ = imuIntegratorOpt_->predict(prevState_, prevBias_);
graphValues.insert(X(key), propState_.pose());
graphValues.insert(V(key), propState_.v());
graphValues.insert(B(key), prevBias_);
// optimize 优化
optimizer.update(graphFactors, graphValues);
optimizer.update();
graphFactors.resize(0);
graphValues.clear();
// Overwrite the beginning of the preintegration for the next step.
// 优化结果
gtsam::Values result = optimizer.calculateEstimate();
// 更新当前帧位姿、速度
prevPose_ = result.at<gtsam::Pose3>(X(key));
prevVel_ = result.at<gtsam::Vector3>(V(key));
// 更新当前帧状态
prevState_ = gtsam::NavState(prevPose_, prevVel_);
// 更新当前帧imu偏置
prevBias_ = result.at<gtsam::imuBias::ConstantBias>(B(key));
// Reset the optimization preintegration object.
// 重置预积分器，设置新的偏置，这样下一激光里程计进来的时候，预积分量就是两帧之间的增量
imuIntegratorOpt_->resetIntegrationAndSetBias(prevBias_);
// check optimization
// imu因子图优化结果，速度或者偏置过大，认为失败
if (failureDetection(prevVel_, prevBias_))
{
resetParams();
return;
}
// 3. after optiization, re-propagate imu odometry preintegration
// 3.优化之后，执行重传播；优化更新了imu的偏置，用最新的偏置重新计算当前激光里程计时刻之后的imu预积分，这个预积分用于计算每时刻位姿
prevStateOdom = prevState_;
prevBiasOdom = prevBias_;
// 从imu队列中删除当前激光里程计时刻之前的imu数据
// first pop imu message older than current correction data
double lastImuQT = -1;
while (!imuQueImu.empty() && ROS_TIME(&imuQueImu.front()) < currentCorrectionTime - delta_t)
{
lastImuQT = ROS_TIME(&imuQueImu.front());
imuQueImu.pop_front();
}
// repropogate
// 对剩余的imu数据计算预积分
if (!imuQueImu.empty())
{
// reset bias use the newly optimized bias
// 重置预积分器和最新的偏置
imuIntegratorImu_->resetIntegrationAndSetBias(prevBiasOdom);
// integrate imu message from the beginning of this optimization
// 计算预积分
for (int i = 0; i < (int)imuQueImu.size(); ++i)
{
sensor_msgs::Imu *thisImu = &imuQueImu[i];
double imuTime = ROS_TIME(thisImu);
double dt = (lastImuQT < 0) ? (1.0 / 500.0) :(imuTime - lastImuQT);
imuIntegratorImu_->integrateMeasurement(gtsam::Vector3(thisImu->linear_acceleration.x, thisImu->linear_acceleration.y, thisImu->linear_acceleration.z),
gtsam::Vector3(thisImu->angular_velocity.x, thisImu->angular_velocity.y, thisImu->angular_velocity.z), dt);
lastImuQT = imuTime;
}
}
++key;
doneFirstOpt = true;
}
/**
* imu因子图优化结果，速度或者偏置过大，认为失败
*/
bool failureDetection(const gtsam::Vector3& velCur, const gtsam::imuBias::ConstantBias& biasCur)
{
Eigen::Vector3f vel(velCur.x(), velCur.y(), velCur.z());
if (vel.norm() > 30)
{
ROS_WARN("Large velocity, reset IMU-preintegration!");
return true;
}
Eigen::Vector3f ba(biasCur.accelerometer().x(), biasCur.accelerometer().y(), biasCur.accelerometer().z());
Eigen::Vector3f bg(biasCur.gyroscope().x(), biasCur.gyroscope().y(), biasCur.gyroscope().z());
if (ba.norm() > 1.0 || bg.norm() > 1.0)
{
ROS_WARN("Large bias, reset IMU-preintegration!");
return true;
}
return false;
}
//订阅IMU原始数据
/**
* 订阅IMU原始数据
* 1.用上一帧激光里程计时刻对应的状态、偏置，施加从该时刻开始到当前时刻的imu预积分量，得到当前时刻的状态，也就是IMU里程计
* 2.imu里程计位姿转到lidar系，发布里程计
*/
void imuHandler(const sensor_msgs::Imu::ConstPtr& imu_raw)
{
std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mtx);
//imu原始测量数据转换到lidar系，加速度、角速度、RPY
sensor_msgs::Imu thisImu = imuConverter(*imu_raw);
// 添加当前帧imu数据到队列
imuQueOpt.push_back(thisImu);
imuQueImu.push_back(thisImu);
//要求上一次imu因子图优化执行成功，确保更新了上一帧（激光里程计帧）的状态、偏置，预积分重新计算了
if (doneFirstOpt == false)
return;
double imuTime = ROS_TIME(&thisImu);
double dt = (lastImuT_imu < 0) ? (1.0 / 500.0) : (imuTime - lastImuT_imu);
lastImuT_imu = imuTime;
// integrate this single imu message
// imu预积分器添加一帧imu数据，注：这个预积分器的起始时刻是上一帧激光里程计时刻
imuIntegratorImu_->integrateMeasurement(gtsam::Vector3(thisImu.linear_acceleration.x, thisImu.linear_acceleration.y, thisImu.linear_acceleration.z),
gtsam::Vector3(thisImu.angular_velocity.x, thisImu.angular_velocity.y, thisImu.angular_velocity.z), dt);
// predict odometry
// 用上一帧激光里程计时刻对应的状态、偏置，施加从该时刻开始到当前时刻的imu预积分量，得到当前时刻的状态
gtsam::NavState currentState = imuIntegratorImu_->predict(prevStateOdom, prevBiasOdom);
// publish odometry
// 发布imu里程计（转到lidar系，与激光里程计同一个系）
nav_msgs::Odometry odometry;
odometry.header.stamp = thisImu.header.stamp;
odometry.header.frame_id = odometryFrame;
odometry.child_frame_id = "odom_imu";
// transform imu pose to ldiar 变换到lidar系
gtsam::Pose3 imuPose = gtsam::Pose3(currentState.quaternion(), currentState.position());
gtsam::Pose3 lidarPose = imuPose.compose(imu2Lidar);
odometry.pose.pose.position.x = lidarPose.translation().x();
odometry.pose.pose.position.y = lidarPose.translation().y();
odometry.pose.pose.position.z = lidarPose.translation().z();
odometry.pose.pose.orientation.x = lidarPose.rotation().toQuaternion().x();
odometry.pose.pose.orientation.y = lidarPose.rotation().toQuaternion().y();
odometry.pose.pose.orientation.z = lidarPose.rotation().toQuaternion().z();
odometry.pose.pose.orientation.w = lidarPose.rotation().toQuaternion().w();
odometry.twist.twist.linear.x = currentState.velocity().x();
odometry.twist.twist.linear.y = currentState.velocity().y();
odometry.twist.twist.linear.z = currentState.velocity().z();
odometry.twist.twist.angular.x = thisImu.angular_velocity.x + prevBiasOdom.gyroscope().x();
odometry.twist.twist.angular.y = thisImu.angular_velocity.y + prevBiasOdom.gyroscope().y();
odometry.twist.twist.angular.z = thisImu.angular_velocity.z + prevBiasOdom.gyroscope().z();
pubImuOdometry.publish(odometry);
}
};
主函数：
int main(int argc, char** argv)
{
ros::init(argc, argv, "roboat_loam");
IMUPreintegration ImuP;
TransformFusion TF;
ROS_INFO("\033[1;32m----> IMU Preintegration Started.\033[0m");
ros::MultiThreadedSpinner spinner(4);
spinner.spin();
return 0;
}
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