陶哲轩实分析（上）9.4及习题-Analysis I 9.4

函数极限性。简单而言，上一节定义的limiting values of functions如果等于函数在这一点的值，就是函数连续。连续性用ε-δ定义和序列定义是等价的，可以证明很多函数都是连续的

Exercise 9.4.1

( a ) ⇔ ( b ):
$$\begin{array}{rl}(f\text{ is continuous at }{x}_0)& \iff (\underset{x\to x_0;x\in X}{\lim }f(x)=f(x_0))\\ & \iff ((\forall (a_n{)}_{n=0}^{\infty }\in E,\underset{n\to \infty }{\lim }{a}_n=x_0)\Rightarrow \underset{n\to \infty }{\lim }f(a_n)=f(x_0))\end{array}$$
( a ) implies ( c ):
Get directly from the definition of ${\lim }_{x\to x_0;x\in X}f(x)=f(x_0)$.
( c ) implies ( d ):
Obviously true.
( d ) implies ( a ):
Let $\forall ϵ>0$, then due to (d), $\exists {\delta }^{\prime }>0$, s.t. $|f(x)-f(x_0)|\le ϵ/2$ for every $x\in X$ with $|x-x_0|\le {\delta }^{\prime }$, so if we let $\delta ={\delta }^{\prime }$, then $|x-x_0|<\delta$ means $|x-x_0|\le {\delta }^{\prime }$, and
$$|f(x)-f(x_0)|\le ϵ/2\Rightarrow |f(x)-f(x_0)|<ϵ\Rightarrow \underset{x\to x_0;x\in X}{\lim }f(x)=f(x_0)$$

Exercise 9.4.2

First for every $x_0\in X$, we have
$$\underset{x\to x_0;x\in X}{\lim }f(x)=x\to x_0$$