ROS安装 rosdep init 或者rosdep update 出错（很有用）

rosdep init：作用是从服务器下载一个更新列表，
/etc/ros/rosdep/sources.list.d/20-default.list
其内容有：

# os-specific listings first
yaml https://raw.github.com/ros/rosdistro/master/rosdep/osx-homebrew.yaml osx

# generic
yaml https://raw.github.com/ros/rosdistro/master/rosdep/base.yaml
yaml https://raw.github.com/ros/rosdistro/master/rosdep/python.yaml
yaml https://raw.github.com/ros/rosdistro/master/rosdep/ruby.yaml
gbpdistro https://raw.github.com/ros/rosdistro/master/releases/fuerte.yaml fuerte

# newer distributions (Groovy, Hydro, ...) must not be listed anymore, they are being fetched from the rosdistro index.yaml instead

其中，raw.github.com 也可为raw.githubusercontent.com,两者都能成功。

ros安装成功后，当进行到rosdep init时，会出现

sudo rosdep init

ERROR: cannot download default sources list from:

https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ros/rosdistro/master/rosdep/sources.list.d/20-default.list

Website may be down.

此时手动创建一个

/etc/ros/rosdep/sources.list.d/20-default.list

文件即可

再进行rosdep update时一般还会出错
此时可能报以下错误

reading in sources list data from /etc/ros/rosdep/sources.list.d
Hit http://github.com/ros/rosdistro/raw/master/rosdep/osx-homebrew.yaml
 
ERROR: unable to process source [http://github.com/ros/rosdistro/raw/master/rosdep/base.yaml]:
 
<urlopen error _ssl.c:489: The handshake operation timed out> (http://github.com/ros/rosdistro/raw/master/rosdep/base.yaml)
 
ERROR: error loading sources list:
    The read operation timed out

第一步：修改hosts文件：

sudo gedit /etc/hosts

在hosts中添加以下内容并保存，在执行完后继续rosdep update

199.232.28.133 raw.githubusercontent.com

151.101.228.133 raw.github.com

或者

# 199.232.28.133 raw.githubusercontent.com
# 151.101.228.133 raw.github.com

# 151.101.84.133  raw.githubusercontent.com
# 151.101.76.133    raw.githubusercontent.com

# 185.199.108.133 raw.githubusercontent.com

 151.101.84.133 raw.githubusercontent.com

raw.githubusercontent.com 中有好几个地址，都可以试一下，是在不同地区的镜像ip,或者也可以去域名解析网站查询 一下最近 的ip地址

http://whoissoft.com/

第二步：更新20-default-list内容：

# os-specific listings first
# yaml https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ros/rosdistro/master/rosdep/osx-homebrew.yaml osx
  yaml https://dzjoke.gitee.io/rosdep/osx-homebrew.yaml osx

# generic
# yaml https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ros/rosdistro/master/rosdep/base.yaml
 yaml https://dzjoke.gitee.io/base.yaml

# yaml https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ros/rosdistro/master/rosdep/python.yaml
  yaml https://dzjoke.gitee.io/rosdep/python.yaml

# yaml https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ros/rosdistro/master/rosdep/ruby.yaml
  yaml https://dzjoke.gitee.io/rosdep/ruby.yaml

  gbpdistro https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ros/rosdistro/master/releases/fuerte.yaml fuerte
#  gbpdistro https://dzjoke.gitee.io/rosdep/fuerte.yaml fuerte

# newer distributions (Groovy, Hydro, ...) must not be listed anymore, they are being fetched from the rosdistro index.yaml instead

https://dzjoke.gitee.io/rosdep/ 为本人存放相关文件的地址，可打开浏览器直接下载，避免从官网直接下载

第三步，增大下载文件延时：

网络不好，连接手机网络热点或者多试几次，如果不行，修改网络延迟时间：
更改 /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/rosdep2/下的三个文件sources_list.py、gbpdistro_support.py、rep3.py
中的DOWNLOAD_TIMEOUT = 15.0值，改大一点就可以了(改成60.0)。
操作如下

sudo gedit /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/rosdep2/gbpdistro_support.py

然后搜索:/DOWNLOAD_TIMEOUT 搜索到这一行，修改过后保存退出就行了。
这个修改过后只是成功的几率会高很多，后面执行命令的时候发现卡住了就Ctrl + C重来多执行几次。

第四步，本地化targets.yaml

前三步，还是可能卡在

gbpdistro https://raw.github.com/ros/rosdistro/master/releases/fuerte.yaml fuerte

将其本地化，首先将

https://dzjoke.gitee.io/rosdep/targets.yaml 

以及

https://dzjoke.gitee.io/rosdep/fuerte.yaml

内容拷贝到本地—在home/rosdep （即在home 文件夹下新建一个rosdep文件夹）下，新建两个文件targets.yaml和fuerte.yaml，将内容复制进去。

然后修改rep3.py内容：

sudo gedit  /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/rosdep2/rep3.py

找到

if targets_url is None:
        targets_url = REP3_TARGETS_URL       
    try:
        f = urlopen(targets_url, timeout=DOWNLOAD_TIMEOUT)	
        text = f.read()
        f.close()
        targets_data = yaml.safe_load(text)

将

 f = urlopen(targets_url, timeout=DOWNLOAD_TIMEOUT)	

改为刚才对应的本地文件路径

f=open('/home/dzjoke/rosdep/targets.yaml')

同样，打开 gbpdistro_support.py，即

sudo gedit  /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/rosdep2/gbpdistro_support.py

找到

targets_data = download_targets_data(targets_url=targets_url)
    try:   
        f = urlopen(gbpdistro_url, timeout=DOWNLOAD_TIMEOUT)	    
        text = f.read()
        f.close()
        gbpdistro_data = yaml.safe_load(text)

将

 f = urlopen(gbpdistro_url, timeout=DOWNLOAD_TIMEOUT)

改为刚才对应的本地文件路径

f=open('/home/dzjoke/rosdep/fuerte.yaml')

退出保存。

第五步，本地化index-v4.yaml

错误信息：

Query rosdistro index https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ros/rosdistro/master/index-v4.yaml
ERROR: error loading sources list:
	<urlopen error <urlopen error timed out> (https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ros/rosdistro/master/index-v4.yaml)>

首先下载相关文件到本地：

https://github.com/ros/rosdistro

修改文件，

sudo gedit /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/rosdistro/__init__.py

找到如下字段

DEFAULT_INDEX_URL = 'https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ros/rosdistro/master/index-v4.yaml'

修改为：

DEFAULT_INDEX_URL ='file:/home/dzjoke/Downloads/rosdistro/index-v4.yaml'

再执行 rosdep update即可成功。

参考网址：

https://www.cnblogs.com/zxzmnh/p/11758103.html
https://www.guyuehome.com/12640
https://blog.csdn.net/Bing_Lee/article/details/114557039