GDC2016 Lighting the City of Glass - Rendering Mirror's Edge Catalyst

# brief

- 将的人很偏美术，讲了老多艺术向的东西

- time of day的光照实现没讲明白，主要使用enlighten

- 有讲一些细节：HDR sky，reflection

# 上个项目（mirrow's edge本篇)

- direct lighting/indirect lighting/normal, 每个物体有3张关于lighting的texture

- UE3 + Beast, 1pixel per cm

# challenge

- Time of Day(NFS和DragonAge:inquisition也搞过，但是没那么高质量要求，另外也不是PBR）

- 能用dynamic lighting吗

- believable character with cinematics

- PBR to render stylized images

# PBR shading

- 导致camera也得变得Physically based

- accurate exposure

- realistics field of view

# tokoyo取材

- white value

- lighting reference

- timeelapse( 就是把摄像机放一点不动拍一整天)

- HDR probes

# creating skies

- HDR sky不能直接在游戏里用

- 因为要time of day，所以sky不能不动

- HDR sky要memory

- 没法blend，说是太明显了（为啥）

- cloud要high resolution

- 想要relight cloud

- 问了下，楚留香里现在就是调天顶和天底的颜色来搞出白天和黑夜，东西应该是位置不动

# physically base skies

- 调 科学的参数

- atmosphere

- rayleigh height

- mie scattering

- ozone percentage

- light sources

- sun

- moon

- aerial perspective(就是物体离得远的时候，其颜色会渐渐融入背景，主要原因是skylight被scatter进view)

- height fog

- clouds

- 两片面片做的云

- 就是alpha texture

- cloud absorb and scatter light

- 讲了个关于要deeper blue sky的故事

- 大概是希望sky的颜色能更deeper

- coder不同意，因为不然就不是physicall correct了

- 其实是photographic后处理做的

- aerial perspective leaking trough geometry

- 就是个光圈，由于不知道environment，所以即使被building挡住了还是会有

- 最后用 forward scattering lightshafts代替

# creating a day cycle

- celecstial rotation(sun, moon, stars)

- time of day clock: 天体移动速度也要控制

- sun flare

- animated values

- camera exposure

- bloom

- sun disk size

- 当人不动得时候时间也不走，这样就不会有sun shadow在你跟前移动得情况了

# global illumination

- 用enlighten

- 有现成方案，但是都是对static lightmap得

- 只有NFS rival用了dynamic得global illumination

- 具体在mirror's edge catalyst里面怎么做也没说，说是什么precompute

- 地图分hiearchy zone for streaming

- each zone都有enlighten database

- 1 lightmap (atlas up to 2048x2048) for large static object

- lightprobes(L2) for player and small objects

- GI data for relighting

- 5-15 MB

- 30 loaded simulaneously

- Runtime update on CPU

- render time of day ahead of time

- 贴图3分，当前，ready to blend to，next to resolve

- sky cube

- 32x32

- 可控制强度

- lightmap

- 分辨率相当低。可能1m1pixel吧

- limitation

- 只对indirect lighting有lightmap，因为精度超低

- 没occlusion

- per object probe lighting，not per pixel

# reflection

- distance reflection volume(DRV)

- old style cubemap, move with player

- updated with time of day

- cheap(256x256x6)

- not accurate

- solution: use sky visibility mask from enlighten

- occlude reflection from street

- better, still not so good...

- local reflection volume(LRV)

- parallax corrected cubemap

- box or sphere(256x256x6)

- 问题是遇到非box得场景也不好搞，有些trick 具体怎么搞我也没听懂。。

- pool of 32 LRV active

- cubemap是realtime渲染出来的！一帧一面

- SSR

- adaptive sampling based on roughness: 3 for rough, 1 for smooth

- 太rough反而没必要SSR

- ceiling啥的也kill掉（用world normal来判断）

- async SSR render with shadow

- opaque lines cut ssr rays(这个我不太明白原理。。),解决办法是turn off depth write

- local planar reflection

- 用forward渲染

# getting the right white

- 感觉很重要的样子，但是听不懂。基本上是在讲如何再各种场景下正确打光（Sun是多少lux，和如何曝光 EV）

- tonemapping curve

- linear->sRGB: nasty burn out white

- linear->Filmic: bring a lot of white into range

- 用了修改过的Filmic

- grading

- 用完tonemapping后比较flat，用grading来加contrast

- grading要早搞好，不然artists会去该basecolor

- 看对比：没grade感觉画面一层灰

# local lighting

- physically based

- intensity issue:大概是现实中得intensity和实际的不一样，因为灯的结构、有reflection、foclus会改变intensity

- more artistic control: attenumation offset

- radiosity

- peformance: tiled deferred

- shadows

- 8 shadow casting lights...

- cache shadows

- light的fade distance

# image stylization

- post effect

- gaussaian bloom

- custom color per level

- vertical /horizontal stretch: 就是光扩散的方向强度

- lens reflection

- transposed and disorted bloom(不知道具体怎么实现的）

- simple volumetrics

- additive spheres

- adds depth speration

- create color shift

- linear media streaming

- 大楼显示屏播片

# believable character

- 刚开始只是找model来capture mesh和diffuse，结果发现进游戏reflection不对

- 最后要构造一个实际的打光场景，自己上，采集数据。finding

- skin saturation 搞高了

- skin reflectance=2.8%

- smoothness搞高了

- SSS: 没SSS时脸上由于毛孔而到处是坑，有SSS时可以smooth out

- eye shader

- parallax for refraction

- normal map for iris concavity

- Anisotropic hair shader

- 最难tweak PBR value的

- 最后需要多打光来表现出不同的specular，说是movie里也这样

- lighting

- 对一个不咋大的场景也用472 light，但是其实不同时使用，用timeline控制

- 一个剧情里对脸上得有快10个light