前言
在学习第一类换元法(凑微分法)时,我们常常需要凑微分。为了更加熟练地运用凑微分法,下面有几道凑微分例题供大家练习。
记住 d f ( x ) = f ′ ( x ) d x df(x)=f'(x)dx df(x)=f′(x)dx
例题1
- d x = ‾ d ( a x ) dx=\underline{\quad}d(ax) dx=d(ax)
- d x = ‾ d ( 6 x − 4 ) dx=\underline{\quad}d(6x-4) dx=d(6x−4)
- x d x = ‾ d ( x 2 ) xdx=\underline{\quad}d(x^2) xdx=d(x2)
- x d x = ‾ d ( 1 − x 2 ) xdx=\underline{\quad}d(1-x^2) xdx=d(1−x2)
- x 2 d x = ‾ d ( 4 x 3 + 3 ) x^2dx=\underline{\quad}d(4x^3+3) x2dx=d(4x3+3)
答案: ( 1 ) a ( 2 ) 1 6 ( 3 ) 1 2 ( 4 ) − 1 2 ( 5 ) 1 12 (1)a \qquad(2)\dfrac 16 \qquad(3)\dfrac 12\qquad (4)-\dfrac 12 \qquad(5)\dfrac {1}{12} (1)a(2)61(3)21(4)−21(5)121
例题2
- e x d x = ‾ d ( 3 e x ) e^xdx=\underline{\quad}d(3e^x) exdx=d(3ex)
- e 2 x d x = ‾ d ( e 2 x ) e^{2x}dx=\underline{\quad}d(e^{2x}) e2xdx=d(e2x)
- e x 2 d x = ‾ d ( e x 2 + 3 ) e^{\frac x2}dx=\underline{\quad}d(e^{\frac x2}+3) e2xdx=d(e2x+3)
- 1 x d x = ‾ d ( 3 ln ∣ x ∣ ) \dfrac 1xdx=\underline{\quad}d(3\ln|x|) x1dx=d(3ln∣x∣)
- 2 x d x = ‾ d ( 5 − 4 ln ∣ x ∣ ) \dfrac 2xdx=\underline{\quad}d(5-4\ln|x|) x2dx=d(5−4ln∣x∣)
答案: ( 1 ) 1 3 ( 2 ) 1 2 ( 3 ) 2 ( 4 ) 1 3 ( 5 ) − 1 2 (1)\dfrac 13 \qquad(2) \dfrac 12 \qquad(3)2 \qquad(4)\dfrac 13 \qquad(5)-\dfrac 12 (1)31(2)21(3)2(4)31(5)−21
例题3
- sin x d x = ‾ d ( cos x ) \sin xdx=\underline{\quad}d(\cos x) sinxdx=d(cosx)
- cos 2 3 x d x = ‾ d ( sin 2 3 x ) \cos \dfrac 23xdx=\underline{\quad}d(\sin \dfrac 23x) cos32xdx=d(sin32x)
- 1 1 − x 2 d x = ‾ d ( 1 − arcsin x ) \dfrac{1}{\sqrt{1-x^2}}dx=\underline{\quad}d(1-\arcsin x) 1−x21dx=d(1−arcsinx)
- 1 1 + 9 x 2 d x = ‾ d ( arctan 3 x ) \dfrac{1}{1+9x^2}dx=\underline{\quad}d(\arctan 3x) 1+9x21dx=d(arctan3x)
- x 1 − x 2 d x = ‾ d ( 1 − x 2 ) \dfrac{x}{\sqrt{1-x^2}}dx=\underline{\quad}d(\sqrt{1-x^2}) 1−x2xdx=d(1−x2)
答案: ( 1 ) − 1 ( 2 ) 3 2 ( 3 ) − 1 ( 4 ) 1 3 ( 5 ) − 1 (1)-1 \qquad(2)\dfrac 32 \qquad(3)-1 \qquad(4)\dfrac 13 \qquad(5)-1 (1)−1(2)23(3)−1(4)31(5)−1