（十三）计算机图形学 之 Shader LOD与渲染队列

设置LOD值

1:LOD （Level of Detail）,根据LOD来设置使用不同版本的Shader;
2:着色器中给SubShader一个LOD值，
个LOD值，程序来设置这 个shader的LOD值，只有第一个小于等于LOD值subShader才会被执行；
3:每个shader最多只会有一个SubShader被使用；
4:通过Shader maximumLoD来设置最大的LOD值；
5:设置全局的LOD值，Shader.globalMaximumLOD;
6: Unity内置着色器分LOD等级：
(1)VertexLit kind of shaders 100
(2) Decal, Reflective VertexLit 150
(3)Diffuse 200
(4)Difuse Detail 250
(5) Bumped, Specular 300
(6) BumpedSpecular 400
(7) Parallax 500
(8) Parallax Specular 600 

shader案例：

LOD值分别为 （600，500，400） 

Shader "GFStudy/LodShader"
{
    Properties
    {
        _Color ("Color", Color) = (1,1,1,1)
        _MainTex ("Albedo (RGB)", 2D) = "white" {}
        _Glossiness ("Smoothness", Range(0,1)) = 0.5
        _Metallic ("Metallic", Range(0,1)) = 0.0
    }

    // 一个shader程序，即使有多个SubShader ，也会根据实际情况，选择一个执行，其他的就不执行了。
    // 找到第一个 小于等于 Shader.maximumLODSubShaderSubShader 的值
    // 所以一般 lod排序 大的在前面，小的在后面， 如果小的在前面的话，在改变lod值时，会被这个小的满足而停止往后查找SubShader
    SubShader
    {
        Tags { "RenderType"="Opaque" }
        LOD 600  // LOD

        CGPROGRAM
        // Physically based Standard lighting model, and enable shadows on all light types
        #pragma surface surf Standard fullforwardshadows

        // Use shader model 3.0 target, to get nicer looking lighting
        #pragma target 3.0

        sampler2D _MainTex;

        struct Input
        {
            float2 uv_MainTex;
        };

        half _Glossiness;
        half _Metallic;
        fixed4 _Color;

        // Add instancing support for this shader. You need to check 'Enable Instancing' on materials that use the shader.
        // See https://docs.unity3d.com/Manual/GPUInstancing.html for more information about instancing.
        // #pragma instancing_options assumeuniformscaling
        UNITY_INSTANCING_BUFFER_START(Props)
            // put more per-instance properties here
        UNITY_INSTANCING_BUFFER_END(Props)

        void surf (Input IN, inout SurfaceOutputStandard o)
        {
            // Albedo comes from a texture tinted by color
            //fixed4 c = tex2D (_MainTex, IN.uv_MainTex) * _Color;
            o.Albedo = fixed3(1.0f,0.0f,0.0f);   // 红色
            // Metallic and smoothness come from slider variables
            /*o.Metallic = _Metallic;
            o.Smoothness = _Glossiness;
            o.Alpha = c.a;*/
        }
        ENDCG
    }

    SubShader
    {
        Tags { "RenderType"="Opaque" }
        LOD 500  // LOD

        CGPROGRAM
        // Physically based Standard lighting model, and enable shadows on all light types
        #pragma surface surf Standard fullforwardshadows

        // Use shader model 3.0 target, to get nicer looking lighting
        #pragma target 3.0

        sampler2D _MainTex;

        struct Input
        {
            float2 uv_MainTex;
        };

        half _Glossiness;
        half _Metallic;
        fixed4 _Color;

        // Add instancing support for this shader. You need to check 'Enable Instancing' on materials that use the shader.
        // See https://docs.unity3d.com/Manual/GPUInstancing.html for more information about instancing.
        // #pragma instancing_options assumeuniformscaling
        UNITY_INSTANCING_BUFFER_START(Props)
            // put more per-instance properties here
        UNITY_INSTANCING_BUFFER_END(Props)

        void surf (Input IN, inout SurfaceOutputStandard o)
        {
            // Albedo comes from a texture tinted by color
            //fixed4 c = tex2D (_MainTex, IN.uv_MainTex) * _Color;
            o.Albedo = fixed3(0.0f,1.0f,0.0f);  // 绿色
            // Metallic and smoothness come from slider variables
            /*o.Metallic = _Metallic;
            o.Smoothness = _Glossiness;
            o.Alpha = c.a;*/
        }
        ENDCG
    }

    SubShader
    {
        Tags { "RenderType"="Opaque" }
        LOD 400  // LOD

        CGPROGRAM
        // Physically based Standard lighting model, and enable shadows on all light types
        #pragma surface surf Standard fullforwardshadows

        // Use shader model 3.0 target, to get nicer looking lighting
        #pragma target 3.0

        sampler2D _MainTex;

        struct Input
        {
            float2 uv_MainTex;
        };

        half _Glossiness;
        half _Metallic;
        fixed4 _Color;

        // Add instancing support for this shader. You need to check 'Enable Instancing' on materials that use the shader.
        // See https://docs.unity3d.com/Manual/GPUInstancing.html for more information about instancing.
        // #pragma instancing_options assumeuniformscaling
        UNITY_INSTANCING_BUFFER_START(Props)
            // put more per-instance properties here
        UNITY_INSTANCING_BUFFER_END(Props)

        void surf (Input IN, inout SurfaceOutputStandard o)
        {
            // Albedo comes from a texture tinted by color
            //fixed4 c = tex2D (_MainTex, IN.uv_MainTex) * _Color;
            o.Albedo = fixed3(0.0f,0.0f,1.0f);  // 蓝色
            // Metallic and smoothness come from slider variables
            /*o.Metallic = _Metallic;
            o.Smoothness = _Glossiness;
            o.Alpha = c.a;*/
        }
        ENDCG
    }

    FallBack "Diffuse"
}

C#控制代码：

using UnityEngine;

public class LodShaderCtrl : MonoBehaviour
{
    public Shader m_Shader;
    [SerializeField]
    private int m_lodValue;

    // Update is called once per frame
    void Update()
    {
        // 当前shader 最大的lod value
        this.m_Shader.maximumLOD = this.m_lodValue;
    }
}

LOD200：使用  Diffuse 

LOD400： 

LOD500： 

LOD600：

渲染队列

1:渲染队列标签可选值：
(1)Background 背景,对应的值为1000;
(2) Geometry(default) 几何体对应的值为2000，这个队列是默认的渲染队列,大多数不透明
的物体；
(3)AlphaTest Alpha测试,对应值为2450, alpha测试的几何体使用这种队列,它是独立手
Geometry的队列,它可以在所有固体对象绘制后更有效的渲染采用Alpha测试的对象；
(4)Transparent:透明，对应值3000，这个渲染队列在Geometry被渲染，采用从后向前的次F
任何有alpha混合的对象都在这个队列里面渲染；
(5)Overlay 授盖对应值 为4000，这个渲染队列是最后渲染的物体;
2:Unity 渲染模式：普通物体从前向后渲染，Apha从后向前渲染；
2:渲染队列的数值决定了Unity在渲染场景物体时的先后顺序,关闭深度测试的情况下;

渲染队列修改代码：

Shader "GFStudy/Renderqueue"
{
    // 渲染队列 
    Properties
    {
        _Color ("Color", Color) = (1,1,1,1)
        _MainTex ("Albedo (RGB)", 2D) = "white" {}
        _Glossiness ("Smoothness", Range(0,1)) = 0.5
        _Metallic ("Metallic", Range(0,1)) = 0.0
    }
    SubShader
    {
        Tags { "RenderType"="Opaque" "Queue"="Geometry+100" } // "Geometry+100" 这里时在集合体渲染队列 在 加 100
        LOD 200
        ZTest off //关闭深度测试

        CGPROGRAM
        // Physically based Standard lighting model, and enable shadows on all light types
        #pragma surface surf Standard fullforwardshadows

        // Use shader model 3.0 target, to get nicer looking lighting
        #pragma target 3.0

        sampler2D _MainTex;

        struct Input
        {
            float2 uv_MainTex;
        };

        half _Glossiness;
        half _Metallic;
        fixed4 _Color;

        // Add instancing support for this shader. You need to check 'Enable Instancing' on materials that use the shader.
        // See https://docs.unity3d.com/Manual/GPUInstancing.html for more information about instancing.
        // #pragma instancing_options assumeuniformscaling
        UNITY_INSTANCING_BUFFER_START(Props)
            // put more per-instance properties here
        UNITY_INSTANCING_BUFFER_END(Props)

        void surf (Input IN, inout SurfaceOutputStandard o)
        {
            // Albedo comes from a texture tinted by color
            //fixed4 c = tex2D (_MainTex, IN.uv_MainTex) * _Color;
            o.Albedo = _Color.rgb;
            // Metallic and smoothness come from slider variables
            /*o.Metallic = _Metallic;
            o.Smoothness = _Glossiness;
            o.Alpha = c.a;*/
        }
        ENDCG
    }
    FallBack "Diffuse"
}

通过修改渲染队列，可以让后面的物体先绘制

效果如下：

未修改渲染队列前：（绿球在白方块的后面，实际摆放也是这样子的）

修改渲染队列以后：（绿球会渲染在白方块前面，在shader中要关闭深度测试）