C++备忘录模式

自己理解：就是一个状态记录类，一个状态保存类，处理保存历史信息和不保存历史信息。
参考代码：

/*
 * C++ Design Patterns: Memento
 * Author: Jakub Vojvoda [github.com/JakubVojvoda]
 * 2016
 *
 * Source code is licensed under MIT License
 * (for more details see LICENSE)
 *
 */

#include <iostream>
#include <vector>

/*
 * Memento
 * stores internal state of the Originator object and protects
 * against access by objects other than the originator
 */
class Memento
{
private:
  // accessible only to Originator
  friend class Originator;
  
  Memento( const int s ) : state( s ) {}
  
  void setState( const int s )
  {
    state = s;
  }
  
  int getState()
  {
    return state;
  }
  // ...

private:
  int state;
  // ...
};

/*
 * Originator
 * creates a memento containing a snapshot of its current internal
 * state and uses the memento to restore its internal state
 */
class Originator
{
public:
  // implemented only for printing purpose
  void setState( const int s )
  {
    std::cout << "Set state to " << s << "." << std::endl;
    state = s;
  }
  
  // implemented only for printing purpose
  int getState()
  {
    return state;
  }
  
  void setMemento( Memento* const m )
  {
    state = m->getState();
  }
  
  Memento *createMemento()
  {
    return new Memento( state );
  }

private:
  int state;
  // ...
};

/*
 * CareTaker
 * is responsible for the memento's safe keeping
 */
class CareTaker
{
public:
  CareTaker( Originator* const o ) : originator( o ) {}
  
  ~CareTaker()
  {
    for ( unsigned int i = 0; i < history.size(); i++ )
    {
      delete history.at( i );
    }
    history.clear();
  }
  
  void save()
  {
    std::cout << "Save state." << std::endl;
    history.push_back( originator->createMemento() );
  }
  
  void undo()
  {
    if ( history.empty() )
    {
      std::cout << "Unable to undo state." << std::endl;
      return;
    }
    
    Memento *m = history.back();
    originator->setMemento( m );
    std::cout << "Undo state." << std::endl;
    
    history.pop_back();
    delete m;
  }
  // ...

private:
  Originator *originator;
  std::vector<Memento*> history;
  // ...
};


int main()
{
  Originator *originator = new Originator();
  CareTaker *caretaker = new CareTaker( originator );
  
  originator->setState( 1 );
  caretaker->save();
  
  originator->setState( 2 );
  caretaker->save();
  
  originator->setState( 3 );
  caretaker->undo();
  
  std::cout << "Actual state is " << originator->getState() << "." << std::endl;
  
  delete originator;
  delete caretaker;
  
  return 0;
}