Unity3D学习笔记（二十四）敌人AI，第2版

最新推荐文章于 2023-01-28 18:53:12 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2023-01-28 18:53:12 发布

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距离开始写Unity学习笔记已经过去4个月了，回过头来看看写下的笔记，竟然也有个二十多章的积累。可惜国庆回家忘了把练习用的工程文件拷贝到笔记本电脑里，倒是一头栽在Photon Server里研究了好几天。不知道各位同学国庆期间玩的可好，有没有被堵在马路上打网球呢：）

今天准备把之前做的敌人AI部分丰富一下（待命、攻击、死亡、归位、重生），顺便把怪物的模型也一并导进来，加上动画和音效，作为第二版。

▇ 知识点

(GameObjectinstance).SendMessage()，调用当前对象上所有组件上的某个方法；

本章几乎没有新的知识点，只是把以前学过的东西整合起来。看起来代码量有点多，其实还有很多可以精简优化的地方。

▇ 思路

新建一个CreatureSound的脚本，由它负责游戏里生物声音的播放；
新建一个CreatureAnimation的脚本，由它负责游戏里生物动画的播放；
更新已有的Creature脚本，添加Attack和UnderAttack方法，用来控制攻击和被攻击效果；
新建一个EnemyAI的脚本，在其中维护一个EnermyState枚举，并在Update中根据这个成员变量来实现不同状态下的行为；
新建一个空游戏对象，并重命名为Wolf，为它添加以上四个脚本。导入一个WOW中狼的模型，添加到Wolf中作为子对象；

最后一步中的模型可以任意选择，总之完成后记得保存到一个Prefab中，这样就可以快速创建新的怪物了。

▇ EnermyAI.cs

using UnityEngine;
using System.Collections;
[RequireComponent(typeof(CharacterController))]
[RequireComponent(typeof(Creature))]
[RequireComponent(typeof(CreatureAnimation))]
public class EnemyAI : MonoBehaviour
{
/// <summary>
/// 敌人状态
/// </summary>
public enum EnermyState
{
/// <summary>
/// 重生
/// </summary>
Respawn,
/// <summary>
/// 待命
/// </summary>
Idle,
/// <summary>
/// 攻击
/// </summary>
Attack,
/// <summary>
/// 逃跑
/// </summary>
RunAway,
/// <summary>
/// 死亡
/// </summary>
Dead,
/// <summary>
/// 归位
/// </summary>
Homing,
}
/// <summary>
/// 移动速度
/// </summary>
public float MoveSpeed = 4;
/// <summary>
/// 旋转速度
/// </summary>
public float RotateSpeed = 10;
/// <summary>
/// 攻击速度
/// </summary>
public float AttackSpeed = 1.0f;
/// <summary>
/// 攻击范围
/// </summary>
public float AttackRange = 2.0f;
/// <summary>
/// 视野距离
/// </summary>
public float SightRange = 10.0f;
/// <summary>
/// 重生时间
/// </summary>
public float RespawnTime = 10.0f;
/// <summary>
/// 状态
/// </summary>
public EnermyState State = EnermyState.Idle;
private float mAttackCooldown;
private float mRespawnTimer;
private Vector3 mHomePosition;
private Transform mTargetTransform;
private CharacterController mController;
private Creature mCreature;
private CreatureAnimation mCreatureAnimation;
void Awake()
{
//初始化
mTargetTransform = GameManager.Instance.Player.transform;
mController = GetComponent<CharacterController>();
mHomePosition = transform.position;
mCreature = GetComponent<Creature>();
mCreatureAnimation = GetComponent<CreatureAnimation>();
}
void Update()
{
//攻击冷却计时
mAttackCooldown -= Time.deltaTime;
if (mAttackCooldown <= 0)
mAttackCooldown = 0;
//状态机
switch (State)
{
case EnermyState.Respawn:
respawn();
break;
case EnermyState.Idle:
idle();
break;
case EnermyState.Attack:
attack();
break;
case EnermyState.RunAway:
break;
case EnermyState.Dead:
dead();
break;
case EnermyState.Homing:
homing();
break;
default:
break;
}
}
private void respawn()
{
//重生
transform.position = mHomePosition;
mCreature.Health = mCreature.MaxHealth;
State = EnermyState.Idle;
}
private void idle()
{
//获取和玩家之间的距离
var distance = Vector3.Distance(transform.position, mTargetTransform.position);
if (distance <= SightRange)
{
//若在警觉范围内就主动攻击
State = EnermyState.Attack;
}
mCreatureAnimation.PlayIdle();
}
private void attack()
{
//获取和玩家之间的距离
var distance = Vector3.Distance(transform.position, mTargetTransform.position);
if (distance <= AttackRange)
{
//在攻击范围内：面朝玩家
var lookRotation = Quaternion.LookRotation(mTargetTransform.position - transform.position);
transform.rotation = Quaternion.Slerp(transform.rotation, lookRotation, RotateSpeed * Time.deltaTime);
//攻击已冷却：攻击
if (mAttackCooldown == 0)
{
mCreature.Attack(mTargetTransform.GetComponent<Creature>());
mAttackCooldown = AttackSpeed;
}
else
{
mCreatureAnimation.PlayAttackReady();
}
}
else if (distance < SightRange)
{
//在视野范围内：冲向玩家
runTo(mTargetTransform.position);
}
else
{
//超出距离：归位
State = EnermyState.Homing;
}
}
private void dead()
{
//死亡
if (mRespawnTimer == 0)
{
SendMessage("OnDead");
mCreatureAnimation.PlayDead();
}
mRespawnTimer += Time.deltaTime;
if (mRespawnTimer > RespawnTime)
{
//死亡一定时间后重生
State = EnermyState.Respawn;
}
}
private void homing()
{
//归位
var distance = Vector3.Distance(mHomePosition, transform.position);
if (distance > 1)
{
runTo(mHomePosition);
}
else
{
State = EnermyState.Idle;
}
}
private void runTo(Vector3 iPosition)
{
//移动至指定位置
mCreatureAnimation.PlayRun();
var lookRotation = Quaternion.LookRotation(iPosition - transform.position);
transform.rotation = Quaternion.Slerp(transform.rotation, lookRotation, RotateSpeed * Time.deltaTime);
mController.SimpleMove(lookRotation * Vector3.forward * MoveSpeed);
}
}

复制代码

▇ Creature.cs

using UnityEngine;
using System.Collections;
/// <summary>
/// 生物组件
/// </summary>
public class Creature : MonoBehaviour
{
/// <summary>
/// 名称
/// </summary>
public string Name;
/// <summary>
/// 等级
/// </summary>
public int Level;
/// <summary>
/// 攻击力
/// </summary>
public int AttackPower;
/// <summary>
/// 护甲
/// </summary>
public int Armor;
/// <summary>
/// 生命
/// </summary>
public float Health;
/// <summary>
/// 最大生命值
/// </summary>
public float MaxHealth;
/// <summary>
/// 能量
/// </summary>
public float Power;
/// <summary>
/// 最大能量值
/// </summary>
public float MaxPower;
/// <summary>
/// 经验值
/// </summary>
public float Exp;
/// <summary>
/// 最大经验值
/// </summary>
public float MaxExp;
/// <summary>
/// 目标生物
/// </summary>
public Creature Target
{
get
{
return mTarget;
}
set
{
mTarget = value;
}
}
private Creature mTarget;
void Start()
{
}
void Update()
{
}
/// <summary>
/// 攻击目标
/// </summary>
/// <param name="iTarget">目标</param>
public void Attack(Creature iTarget)
{
SendMessage("OnAttack");
iTarget.UnderAttack(this);
}
/// <summary>
/// 受到攻击
/// </summary>
/// <param name="iSource">攻击来源</param>
protected void UnderAttack(Creature iSource)
{
var damage = iSource.AttackPower - iSource.Armor;
if (damage <= 0)
damage = 1;
Health -= damage;
Debug.Log(string.Format("{0}->{1} damage={2}", iSource, this, damage));
SendMessage("OnWounded");
if (Health <= 0)
{
Health = 0;
SendMessage("OnDead");
}
}
}

复制代码

▇ CreatureAnimation.cs

using UnityEngine;
using System.Collections;
public class CreatureAnimation : MonoBehaviour
{
#region AnimationNameSetting
/// <summary>
/// 待命动画名称
/// </summary>
public string IdleAnimationName = "Stand";
/// <summary>
/// 行走动画名称
/// </summary>
public string WalkAnimationName = "Walk";
/// <summary>
/// 左转动画名称
/// </summary>
public string ShuffleLeftAnimationName = "ShuffleLeft";
/// <summary>
/// 右转动画名称
/// </summary>
public string ShuffleRightAnimationName = "ShuffleRight";
/// <summary>
/// 后退动画名称
/// </summary>
public string WalkBackwardAnimationName = "Walkbackwards";
/// <summary>
/// 跑步动画名称
/// </summary>
public string RunAnimationName = "Run";
/// <summary>
/// 跳跃动画名称
/// </summary>
public string JumpStartAnimationName = "JumpStart";
/// <summary>
/// 跳跃结束继续跑动动画名称
/// </summary>
public string JumpLandRunAnimationName = "JumpLandRun";
/// <summary>
/// 跳跃结束动画名称
/// </summary>
public string JumpEndAnimationName = "JumpEnd";
/// <summary>
/// 游泳待命动画名称
/// </summary>
public string SwimIdleAnimationName = "SwimIdle";
/// <summary>
/// 向左游泳动画名称
/// </summary>
public string SwimLeftAnimationName = "SwimLeft";
/// <summary>
/// 向右游泳动画名称
/// </summary>
public string SwimRightAnimationName = "SwimRight";
/// <summary>
/// 向前游泳动画名称
/// </summary>
public string SwimForwardAnimationName = "Swim";
/// <summary>
/// 后退游泳动画名称
/// </summary>
public string SwimBackwardAnimationName = "SwimBackward";
/// <summary>
/// 下落动画名称
/// </summary>
public string FallAnimationName = "Fall";
/// <summary>
/// 攻击动画名称
/// </summary>
public string AttackUnarmedAnimationName = "AttackUnarmed";
/// <summary>
/// 准备攻击动画名称
/// </summary>
public string ReadyUnarmedAnimationName = "ReadyUnarmed";
/// <summary>
/// 死亡动画名称
/// </summary>
public string DeadAnimationName = "Death";
#endregion
/// <summary>
/// 获取或者设置动画的对象
/// </summary>
public Animation AnimationTarget;
/// <summary>
/// 播放待命状态动画
/// </summary>
public void PlayIdle()
{
playAnimation(IdleAnimationName);
}
/// <summary>
/// 播放左转动画
/// </summary>
public void PlayShuffleLeft()
{
playAnimation(ShuffleLeftAnimationName);
}
/// <summary>
/// 播放右转动画
/// </summary>
public void PlayShuffleRight()
{
playAnimation(ShuffleRightAnimationName);
}
/// <summary>
/// 播放行走动画
/// </summary>
public void PlayWalk()
{
playAnimation(WalkAnimationName);
}
/// <summary>
/// 播放后退动画
/// </summary>
public void PlayWalkBackward()
{
playAnimation(WalkAnimationName, 0.5f);
}
/// <summary>
/// 播放向前游泳的动画
/// </summary>
public void PlaySwimForward()
{
playAnimation(SwimForwardAnimationName);
}
/// <summary>
/// 播放向后游泳的动画
/// </summary>
public void PlaySwimBackward()
{
playAnimation(SwimBackwardAnimationName);
}
/// <summary>
/// 播放游泳待机的动画
/// </summary>
public void PlaySwimIdle()
{
playAnimation(SwimIdleAnimationName);
}
/// <summary>
/// 播放跑步动画
/// </summary>
public void PlayRun()
{
playAnimation(RunAnimationName);
}
/// <summary>
/// 播放跳跃动画
/// </summary>
public void PlayJumpStart()
{
playAnimation(JumpStartAnimationName, 1.0f, WrapMode.ClampForever);
}
/// <summary>
/// 播放跳跃动画
/// </summary>
public void PlayJump()
{
playAnimation(FallAnimationName);
}
/// <summary>
/// 播放跳跃结束后继续奔跑的动画
/// </summary>
public void PlayJumpLandRun()
{
playAnimation(JumpLandRunAnimationName);
}
/// <summary>
/// 播放跳跃结束动画
/// </summary>
public void PlayJumpEnd()
{
playAnimation(JumpEndAnimationName, 1.0f, WrapMode.ClampForever);
}
/// <summary>
/// 播放下落动画
/// </summary>
public void PlayFall()
{
playAnimation(FallAnimationName);
}
/// <summary>
/// 播放攻击等待中的动画
/// </summary>
public void PlayAttackReady()
{
if (!isPlaying(AttackUnarmedAnimationName))
playAnimation(IdleAnimationName);
}
/// <summary>
/// 播放死亡动画
/// </summary>
public void PlayDead()
{
playAnimation(DeadAnimationName, 1.0f, WrapMode.ClampForever);
}
/// <summary>
/// 获取一个值，表示是否正在播放指定动画
/// </summary>
/// <param name="iAnimationName">动画名称</param>
/// <returns></returns>
public bool IsPlaying(string iAnimationName)
{
return isPlaying(iAnimationName);
}
/// <summary>
/// 当生物攻击时调用此方法
/// </summary>
public void OnAttack()
{
playAnimation(AttackUnarmedAnimationName);
}
private void playAnimation(string iAnimationName, float iSpeed = 1.0f, WrapMode iWarpMode = WrapMode.Loop)
{
//播放指定动画（必须存在且未在播放状态）
if (AnimationTarget == null)
throw new MissingReferenceException("AnimationTarget");
if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(iAnimationName) || AnimationTarget[iAnimationName] == null)
throw new UnityException(string.Format("The animation state '{0}' could not be played because it couldn't be found!", iAnimationName));
var isPlaying = AnimationTarget.IsPlaying(iAnimationName);
if (!isPlaying)
{
AnimationTarget.wrapMode = iWarpMode;
AnimationTarget[iAnimationName].speed = iSpeed;
AnimationTarget.CrossFade(iAnimationName);
}
}
private bool isPlaying(string iAnimationName)
{
//获取一个值，表示某个动画是否正在播放
if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(iAnimationName))
return false;
var isPlaying = AnimationTarget.IsPlaying(iAnimationName);
return isPlaying;
}
}