第一章（Rviz） 1.0 安装ROS, 初始化时 sudo rosdep init rosdep update出错解决办法

1.执行 sudo rosdep init 失败

反复尝试一下，一般情况下反复个几次，init这步就可以成功。

注：
sudo rosdep init 这个操作最主要的工作就是从https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ros/rosdistro/master/rosdep/sources.list.d/20-default.list，下载文件20-default.list，并把它放到/etc/ros/rosdep/sources.list.d/这个目录下。

若不成功可以尝试以下：

# os-specific listings first
yaml https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ros/rosdistro/master/rosdep/osx-homebrew.yaml osx
 
# generic
yaml https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ros/rosdistro/master/rosdep/base.yaml
yaml https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ros/rosdistro/master/rosdep/python.yaml
yaml https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ros/rosdistro/master/rosdep/ruby.yaml
gbpdistro https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ros/rosdistro/master/releases/fuerte.yaml fuerte
 
# newer distributions (Groovy, Hydro, ...) must not be listed anymore, they are being fetched from the rosdistro index.yaml instead

直接创建目录/etc/ros/rosdep/sources.list.d/，并在此目录下创建20-default.list这个文件。

2. 执行rosdep update失败

方法1：没有安装证书库，可以尝试如下命令：

sudo apt-get install ca-certificates
rosdep update

方法2：修改20-default.list脚本文件
a.从云盘中下载，解压到/etc/ros目录下。需要超级权限。

链接: https://pan.baidu.com/s/19OCXIUgZ1RNHV33noc1auw

提取码: tnn9
b.修改20-default.list脚本文件，需要超级权限。可以跟前面的脚本内容做下对比。

# os-specific listings first
#yaml https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ros/rosdistro/master/rosdep/osx-homebrew.yaml osx
yaml file:///etc/ros/rosdistro/master/rosdep/osx-homebrew.yaml osx
 
# generic
#yaml https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ros/rosdistro/master/rosdep/base.yaml
#yaml https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ros/rosdistro/master/rosdep/python.yaml
#yaml https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ros/rosdistro/master/rosdep/ruby.yaml
#gbpdistro https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ros/rosdistro/master/releases/fuerte.yaml fuerte
 
yaml file:///etc/ros/rosdistro/master/rosdep/base.yaml
yaml file:///etc/ros/rosdistro/master/rosdep/python.yaml
yaml file:///etc/ros/rosdistro/master/rosdep/ruby.yaml
gbpdistro file:///etc/ros/rosdistro/master/releases/fuerte.yaml fuerte
 
# newer distributions (Groovy, Hydro, ...) must not be listed anymore, they are being fetched from the rosdistro index.yaml instead

退出保存后，执行rosdep update。

在更新过程中，还有部分配置信息会从raw.githubusercontent.com上下载，但是反复几次，基本上就可以成功了。

方法3：
sudo 打开/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/rosdistro/init.py这个文件，按照下面的代码进行修改。

#DEFAULT_INDEX_URL = 'https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ros/rosdistro/master/index-v4.yaml'
DEFAULT_INDEX_URL = 'file:///etc/ros/rosdistro/master/index-v4.yaml'

保存后，执行rosdep update。如果一次不成功，再执行个一两次，应该就会出现下面成功完成的这些打印。.

reading in sources list data from /etc/ros/rosdep/sources.list.d
Hit file:///etc/ros/rosdistro/master/rosdep/osx-homebrew.yaml
Hit file:///etc/ros/rosdistro/master/rosdep/base.yaml
Hit file:///etc/ros/rosdistro/master/rosdep/python.yaml
Hit file:///etc/ros/rosdistro/master/rosdep/ruby.yaml
Hit file:///etc/ros/rosdistro/master/releases/fuerte.yaml
Query rosdistro index file:///etc/ros/rosdistro/master/index-v4.yaml
Skip end-of-life distro "ardent"
Skip end-of-life distro "bouncy"
Skip end-of-life distro "crystal"
Add distro "dashing"
Add distro "eloquent"
Add distro "foxy"
Skip end-of-life distro "groovy"
Skip end-of-life distro "hydro"
Skip end-of-life distro "indigo"
Skip end-of-life distro "jade"
Add distro "kinetic"
Skip end-of-life distro "lunar"
Add distro "melodic"
Add distro "noetic"
updated cache in /home/xxxx/.ros/rosdep/sources.cache
 
 

非常感谢super_sean 大神的博客，4月份之前我也下载过两三次ros了，这两句都是快速完成的，这后面好像是被不知道哪个混蛋弄了个墙，真的气死人！