学术写作笔记（3）：引言

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最新推荐文章于 2023-09-14 17:38:59 发布

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本文为学习《研究生及博士后英语(2)：学术英语写作》的笔记。

（内容仅供参考，具体需自己斟酌）

引言要素

表达研究的重要性
（1）研究是什么
（2）为什么这个研究重要
（3）以前的研究做了什么
指出以往研究不足的地方。
描述自己的研究，简要描写目的、方法，也可加入简短的关键结果
论文结构的简要概述

此外要注意

需要引用以往重要的论文。
一个点不要有太多引用，一个点最多使用三个参考。如：
✖ Many studies have identified a significant correlation between X and Y[1-9].
✔Many studies have identified a significant correlation between X and Y in men[1-3], women[4-6], andchildren[7-9].
在引言中不要给出太多详细的研究结果。
尽量用主动语态。
在完成方法、结果和结论好再检查引言。

引言的时态和常用语

1. 研究重要性

提供背景信息，介绍以往研究。

（1）时态主要是现在完成时或现在时，如：

Polylactide (PLA) has received much attention in recent years due to its biodegradable properties, which offer important economic benefits.
PLA is a polymer obtained from corn and is produced by the polymerisation of lactide.
It has many possible uses in the biomedical field and has also been investigated as a potential engineering material.

（2）常用单词


important	aspect contribution difference implication question reason element issue consequence influence distinction	major	concern role breakthrough change problem factor issue source difference theme contribution point

particular	interest attention significance importance concern reference emphasis need focus requirement purpose	considerable	amount expansion number range difference variation extent degree impact significance element interest

crucial	role factor point element stage difference question	vital	information role importance link component aspect

fundamental	difference principle issue change	essential	part element component characteristic feature difference

（3）常用表达

For the past decade, X has become a central/an important issue for …
The issue of X has received considerable critical attention.
Xs are attracting considerable / increasing / widespread interest due to …
X is an increasingly important area in organic chemistry.
X is fast becoming a key instrument in …
X plays a vital role in the metabolism of …
X is a fundamental property of …
The theory of X provides a useful account of how …
X has many uses / roles / applications in the field of …
Xs are one of the most widely used groups of antibacterial agents.
In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in X…
Recent developments in the field of X have led to a renewed interest in …
The past decade has seen the rapid development of X…
In the past decade a number of researchers have sought to determine …
Previous / extensive research (Smith 2004; Jones 2005) has shown that …
Recent evidence suggests that …
Studies of X by Smith (2013) and show the importance of …
The existing body of research on X suggests that …
Data from several studies (Smith 2004; Jones 2005) suggest that …
A considerable amount of literature has been published on X. These studies …
A major current focus in population management is how to ensure sustainability of…
Numerous experiments have established that …
Low-dose responses to radiation have generated considerable recent research interest.
Studies have found that analysis of change in the transportation sector is vital …
There is a large number of published studies (e.g., Smith 2001; Jones 2005) that describe …

2.指出以往研究的不足

（1）时态主要是现在完成时态或现在时，如：

However, the application of X has not been investigated.
Previous work in X has failed to address …
However, a major problem with this method is …

（2）常用词汇


• ambiguous	• impractical	• confused	• incorrect
• deficient	• drawback	• doubtful	• flaw
• expensive	• limitation	• far from perfect	• incapable of
• inadequate	• gap in our knowledge	• incompatible	• need for clarification
• inconsistent	• an alternative approach	• inconvenient	• computationally demanding
• inefficient	• remain unstudied	• ineffective	• little evidence is available
• restricted	• little work has been done	• unanswered	• more work is needed
• unrealistic	• there is an urgent need	• unsupported	• few studies have
• non-existent	• there is a growing concern	• over-simplified	• need to re-examine

（3）常用表达

No studies have yet shown a relationship between …
Previous work has focused only on…, but none has examined …
Current solutions to X are inconsistent / inadequate /ineffective / inefficient.
This particular area of X has been overlooked/remains unclear.
However, these rapid changes are having a serious effect…
However, the evidence for this relationship is inconclusive.
However, light scattering techniques have been largely unsuccessful to date.
So far, however, there has been little discussion about …
So far this method has only been applied to …
Until recently, there has been no reliable evidence that …
Although extensive research has been carried out on … no single study exists which …
Most studies in the field of X have only focused on …
To date, no research has been done on …
To date, there are few studies that have investigated the association between …
There is a growing need to determine whether …
There remains a need for an efficient method that can…
Little is known from previous studies on the question of …
Little is known about X and it is not clear what factors …
Few researchers have addressed the problem of…
Much uncertainty still exists about the relationship between …
Although most researchers in the field believe …., they have overlooked …. My research will …
Despite the intense focus on X, few researchers have examined Problem Y ……My research
will …

3. 简述研究的目的方法和意义

（1）时态主要是现在时或过去时，如：

The main objective of this research is/was to …
There are two primary aims of this study: 1. to investigate … 2. to ascertain …
This study intends to ascertain the methods used…

（2）常用表达

研究目的：

The purpose/aim of this study is to study/evaluate/determine/analyze /formulate/calculate…
The main aim of this study is to investigate the differences between X and Y.
The objectives of this research are to determine whether …
One purpose of this study was to assess the extent to which these factors were …
This study examines/focuses on/discusses/investigates how to solve…
This paper/thesis will examine/update/address/focus on…
This paper/thesis will review the key models …
This paper/dissertation summarizes/demonstrates/discusses/ compares …
This dissertation aims to unravel some of the mysteries surrounding …
This dissertation seeks to explain the development of …
In the present study, we performed…
In order to investigate the biological significance, we conducted …
There are two primary aims of this study: 1. To investigate … 2. To ascertain …
For our first aim, we focus on two problems.
This study addresses two research questions: …
The key research question of this study is …

研究方法：

This study uses a qualitative case study approach to investigate …
The research data in this thesis is drawn from four main sources: …
The approach adopted for this study was one of …
This dissertation follows a case-study design, with in-depth analysis of …
By employing qualitative modes of enquiry, I attempt to illuminate the …
Both qualitative and quantitative methods were used in this investigation.
To tackle this problem, we developed a new software verification technique called…
The methodological approach taken in this study is a mixed methodology based on …

研究意义

This research sheds new light on …
This study provides/offers new insights into …
The present study fills a gap in the literature by …
This is the first study to use the method / analysis of …
This is the first experimental study characterizing …
The present research explores, for the first time, the effects of …
The findings obtained from this study help to uncover …
The results obtained from this research will help to determine …
The data gathered from this study will be useful in …
This investigation will enhance our understanding of …

4. 概述论文结构

（1）时态主要为现在时

（2）常用表达

The overall structure of the study takes the form of six chapters, including this introductory chapter.
This thesis is organized as follows.
This thesis consists of six chapters. (or, This paper is divided into six sections.)
The first chapter/section presents a brief overview of …
Chapter 1 outlines …
The second chapter/section provides a review of …
Chapter 2/Section 2 begins by laying out the theoretical dimensions of the research, and looks at
how…
In Chapter 2, we focus on…
Our experiment is described in detail in the third chapter / section.
We present our major results in Chapter 4 and explain the findings in Chapter 5.
The final chapter gives a conclusion and includes a discussion of the implication of the findings to
the future research into the area.

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