目录
- A A A组
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- 5.利用变量代换 u = x , v = y x u=x,v=\cfrac{y}{x} u=x,v=xy,可将方程 x ∂ z ∂ x + y ∂ z ∂ y = z x\cfrac{\partial z}{\partial x}+y\cfrac{\partial z}{\partial y}=z x∂x∂z+y∂y∂z=z化为新方程( )。
( A ) u ∂ z ∂ u = z ; (A)u\cfrac{\partial z}{\partial u}=z; (A)u∂u∂z=z;
( B ) v ∂ z ∂ v = z ; (B)v\cfrac{\partial z}{\partial v}=z; (B)v∂v∂z=z;
( C ) u ∂ z ∂ v = z ; (C)u\cfrac{\partial z}{\partial v}=z; (C)u∂v∂z=z;
( D ) v ∂ z ∂ u = z . (D)v\cfrac{\partial z}{\partial u}=z. (D)v∂u∂z=z. - 14.设函数 z = z ( x , y ) z=z(x,y) z=z(x,y)由 G ( x , y , z ) = F ( x y , y z ) = 0 G(x,y,z)=F(xy,yz)=0 G(x,y,z)=F(xy,yz)=0确定,其中 F F F为可微函数,且 G z ′ ≠ 0 G_z'\ne0 Gz′=0,求 x ∂ z ∂ x − y ∂ z ∂ y x\cfrac{\partial z}{\partial x}-y\cfrac{\partial z}{\partial y} x∂x∂z−y∂y∂z。
- 5.利用变量代换 u = x , v = y x u=x,v=\cfrac{y}{x} u=x,v=xy,可将方程 x ∂ z ∂ x + y ∂ z ∂ y = z x\cfrac{\partial z}{\partial x}+y\cfrac{\partial z}{\partial y}=z x∂x∂z+y∂y∂z=z化为新方程( )。
- B B B组
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- 3.设 y = f ( x , t ) y=f(x,t) y=f(x,t),而是 t t t由方程 F ( x , y , t ) = 0 F(x,y,t)=0 F(x,y,t)=0所确定的 x , y x,y x,y的函数,其中 f , F f,F f,F均具有一阶连续偏导数,则 d y d x = \cfrac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}x}= dxdy=( )。
( A ) f x ′ F t ′ + f t ′ F x ′ F t ′ ; (A)\cfrac{f'_xF'_t+f'_tF'_x}{F'_t}; (A)Ft′fx′Ft′+ft′Fx′;
( B ) f x ′ F t ′ − f t ′ F x ′ F t ′ ; (B)\cfrac{f'_xF'_t-f'_tF'_x}{F'_t}; (B)Ft′fx′Ft′−ft′Fx′;
( C ) f x ′ F t ′ + f t ′ F x ′ f t ′ F y ′ + F t ′ ; (C)\cfrac{f'_xF'_t+f'_tF'_x}{f'_tF'_y+F'_t}; (C)ft′Fy′+Ft′fx′Ft′+ft′Fx′;
( D ) f x ′ F t ′ − f t ′ F x ′ f t ′ F y ′ + F t ′ . (D)\cfrac{f'_xF'_t-f'_tF'_x}{f'_tF'_y+F'_t}. (D)ft′Fy′+Ft′fx′Ft′−ft′Fx′. - 4.设函数 u = u ( x , y ) u=u(x,y) u=u(x,y)满足 ∂ 2 u ∂ x 2 = ∂ 2 u ∂ y 2 \cfrac{\partial^2u}{\partial x^2}=\cfrac{\partial^2u}{\partial y^2} ∂x2∂2u=∂y2∂2u及 u ( x , 2 x ) = x , u 1 ′ ( x , 2 x ) = x 2 u(x,2x)=x,u'_1(x,2x)=x^2 u(x,2x)=x,u1′(x,2x)=x2,其中 u u u具有二阶连续偏导数,则 u 11 ′ ′ ( x , 2 x ) = u''_{11}(x,2x)= u11′′(x,2x)=( )。
( A ) 4 3 x ; (A)\cfrac{4}{3}x; (A)34x;
( B ) − 4 3 x ; (B)-\cfrac{4}{3}x; (B)−34x;
( C ) 3 4 x ; (C)\cfrac{3}{4}x; (C)43x;
( D ) − 3 4 x . (D)-\cfrac{3}{4}x. (D)−43x. - 32.设 f ( x , y ) f(x,y) f(x,y)在点 O ( 0 , 0 ) O(0,0) O(0,0)处的某邻域 U U U内连续,且 lim ( x , y ) → ( 0 , 0 ) f ( x , y ) − x y x 2 + y 2 = a \lim\limits_{(x,y)\to(0,0)}\cfrac{f(x,y)-xy}{x^2+y^2}=a (x,y)→(0,0)limx2+y2f(x,y)−xy=a,常数 a > 1 2 a>\cfrac{1}{2} a>21。讨论 f ( 0 , 0 ) f(0,0) f(0,0)是否为 f ( x , y ) f(x,y) f(x,y)的极值?若是极值,判断是极大值还是极小值?
- 39.求正数 a , b a,b a,b的值,使得椭圆 x 2 a 2 + y 2 b 2 = 1 \cfrac{x^2}{a^2}+\cfrac{y^2}{b^2}=1 a2x2+b2y2=1包含圆 x 2 + y 2 = 2 y x^2+y^2=2y x2+y2=2y,且面积最小。
- 3.设 y = f ( x , t ) y=f(x,t) y=f(x,t),而是 t t t由方程 F ( x , y , t ) = 0 F(x,y,t)=0 F(x,y,t)=0所确定的 x , y x,y x,y的函数,其中 f , F f,F f,F均具有一阶连续偏导数,则 d y d x = \cfrac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}x}= dxdy=( )。
- C C C组
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- 3.设函数 f ( x , y ) f(x,y) f(x,y)及它的二阶偏导数在全平面连续,且 f ( 0 , 0 ) = 0 , ∣ ∂ f ∂ x ∣ ⩽ 2 ∣ x − y ∣ , ∣ ∂ f ∂ y ∣ ⩽ 2 ∣ x − y ∣ f(0,0)=0,\left|\cfrac{\partial f}{\partial x}\right|\leqslant2|x-y|,\left|\cfrac{\partial f}{\partial y}\right|\leqslant2|x-y| f(0,0)=0,∣∣∣∣∣∂x∂f∣∣∣∣∣⩽2∣x−y∣,∣∣∣∣∣∂y∂f∣∣∣∣∣⩽2∣x−y∣。求证: ∣ f ( 5 , 4 ) ∣ ⩽ 1 |f(5,4)|\leqslant1 ∣f(5,4)∣⩽1。
- 5.设 u ( x , y ) u(x,y) u(x,y)具有二阶连续偏导数,证明无零值的函数 u ( x , y ) u(x,y) u(x,y)可分离变量(即 u ( x , y ) = f ( x ) g ( y ) u(x,y)=f(x)g(y) u(x,y)=f(x)g(y))的充分必要条件是 u ∂ 2 u ∂ x ∂ y = ∂ u ∂ x ∂ u ∂ y u\cfrac{\partial^2u}{\partial x\partial y}=\cfrac{\partial u}{\partial x}\cfrac{\partial u}{\partial y} u∂x∂y∂2u=∂x∂u∂y∂u。
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A A A组
5.利用变量代换 u = x , v = y x u=x,v=\cfrac{y}{x} u=x,v=xy,可将方程 x ∂ z ∂ x + y ∂ z ∂ y = z x\cfrac{\partial z}{\partial x}+y\cfrac{\partial z}{\partial y}=z x∂x∂z+y∂y∂z=z化为新方程( )。
( A ) u ∂ z ∂ u = z ; (A)u\cfrac{\partial z}{\partial u}=z; (A)u∂u∂z=z;
( B ) v ∂ z ∂ v = z ; (B)v\cfrac{\partial z}{\partial v}=z; (B)v∂v∂z=z;
( C ) u ∂ z ∂ v = z ; (C)u\cfrac{\partial z}{\partial v}=z; (C)u∂v∂z=z;
( D ) v ∂ z ∂ u = z . (D)v\cfrac{\partial z}{\partial u}=z. (D)v∂u∂z=z.
解 由复合函数微分法则可得 ∂ z ∂ x = ∂ z ∂ u ⋅ 1 + ∂ z ∂ v ⋅ ( − y x 2 ) , ∂ z ∂ y = 1 x ⋅ ∂ z ∂ v \cfrac{\partial z}{\partial x}=\cfrac{\partial z}{\partial u}\cdot1+\cfrac{\partial z}{\partial v}\cdot\left(-\cfrac{y}{x^2}\right),\cfrac{\partial z}{\partial y}=\cfrac{1}{x}\cdot\cfrac{\partial z}{\partial v} ∂x∂z=∂u∂z⋅1+∂v∂z⋅(−x2y),∂y∂z=x1⋅∂v∂z,于是 x ∂ z ∂ x + y ∂ z ∂ y = x ⋅ ∂ z ∂ u − y x ⋅ ∂ z ∂ v + y x ⋅ ∂ z ∂ v = x ∂ z ∂ u = z x\cfrac{\partial z}{\partial x}+y\cfrac{\partial z}{\partial y}=x\cdot\cfrac{\partial z}{\partial u}-\cfrac{y}{x}\cdot\cfrac{\partial z}{\partial v}+\cfrac{y}{x}\cdot\cfrac{\partial z}{\partial v}=x\cfrac{\partial z}{\partial u}=z x∂x∂z+y∂y∂z=x⋅∂u∂z−xy⋅∂v∂z+xy⋅∂v∂z=x∂u∂z=z。
又 u = x u=x u=x,故新方程为 u ∂ z ∂ u = z u\cfrac{\partial z}{\partial u}=z u∂u∂z=z。(这道题主要利用了复合函数求导法则求解)
14.设函数 z = z ( x , y ) z=z(x,y) z=z(x,y)由 G ( x , y , z ) = F ( x y , y z ) = 0 G(x,y,z)=F(xy,yz)=0 G(x,y,z)=F(xy,yz)=0确定,其中 F F F为可微函数,且 G z ′ ≠ 0 G_z'\ne0 Gz′=0,求 x ∂ z ∂ x − y ∂ z ∂ y x\cfrac{\partial z}{\partial x}-y\cfrac{\partial z}{\partial y} x∂x∂z−y∂y∂z。
解 由于 F ( x y , y z ) = 0 F(xy,yz)=0 F(xy,yz)=0,可得 G x ′ = F 1 ′ ⋅ y , G y ′ = F 1 ′ ⋅ x + F 2 ′ ⋅ y , G x ′ = F 2 ′ ⋅ y G'_x=F'_1\cdot y,G'_y=F'_1\cdot x+F'_2\cdot y,G'_x=F'_2\cdot y Gx′=F1′⋅y,Gy′=F1′⋅x+F2′⋅y,Gx′=F2′⋅y。又 ∂ z ∂ x = − G x ′ G z ′ = − F 1 ′ F 2 ′ , ∂ z ∂ y = − G y ′ G z ′ = − F 1 ′ ⋅ x + F 2 ′ ⋅ y F 2 ′ ⋅ y \cfrac{\partial z}{\partial x}=-\cfrac{G'_x}{G'_z}=-\cfrac{F'_1}{F'_2},\cfrac{\partial z}{\partial y}=-\cfrac{G'_y}{G'_z}=-\cfrac{F'_1\cdot x+F'_2\cdot y}{F'_2\cdot y} ∂x∂z=−Gz′Gx′=−F2′F1′,∂y∂z=−Gz′Gy′=−F2′⋅yF1′⋅x+F2′⋅y,因此 x ∂ z ∂ x − y ∂ z ∂ y = z x\cfrac{\partial z}{\partial x}-y\cfrac{\partial z}{\partial y}=z x∂x∂z−y∂y∂z=z。(这道题主要利用了隐函数求导求解)
B B B组
3.设 y = f ( x , t ) y=f(x,t) y=f(x,t),而是 t t t由方程 F ( x , y , t ) = 0 F(x,y,t)=0 F(x,y,t)=0所确定的 x , y x,y x,y的函数,其中 f , F f,F f,F均具有一阶连续偏导数,则 d y d x = \cfrac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}x}= dxdy=( )。
( A ) f x ′ F t ′ + f t ′ F x ′ F t ′ ; (A)\cfrac{f'_xF'_t+f'_tF'_x}{F'_t}; (A)Ft′fx′Ft′+ft′Fx′;
( B ) f x ′ F t ′ − f t ′ F x ′ F t ′ ; (B)\cfrac{f'_xF'_t-f'_tF'_x}{F'_t}; (B)Ft′fx′Ft′−ft′Fx′;
( C ) f x ′ F t ′ + f t ′ F x ′ f t ′ F y ′ + F t ′ ; (C)\cfrac{f'_xF'_t+f'_tF'_x}{f'_tF'_y+F'_t}; (C)ft′Fy′+Ft′fx′Ft′+ft′Fx′;
( D ) f x ′ F t ′ − f t ′ F x ′ f t ′ F y ′ + F t ′ . (D)\cfrac{f'_xF'_t-f'_tF'_x}{f'_tF'_y+F'_t}. (D)ft′Fy′+Ft′fx′Ft′−ft′Fx′.
解 方程两边求全微分,得 F x ′ d x + F y ′ d y + F t ′ d t = 0 F'_x\mathrm{d}x+F'_y\mathrm{d}y+F'_t\mathrm{d}t=0 Fx′dx+Fy′dy+Ft′dt=0,则 d t = − F x ′ F t ′ d x − F y ′ F t ′ d y \mathrm{d}t=-\cfrac{F'_x}{F'_t}\mathrm{d}x-\cfrac{F'_y}{F'_t}\mathrm{d}y dt=−Ft′Fx′dx−Ft′Fy′dy,又 d y = f x ′ d x + f t ′ d t = f x ′ d x − f t ′ ( F x ′ F t ′ d x + F y ′ F t ′ d y ) \mathrm{d}y=f'_x\mathrm{d}x+f'_t\mathrm{d}t=f'_x\mathrm{d}x-f'_t\left(\cfrac{F'_x}{F'_t}\mathrm{d}x+\cfrac{F'_y}{F'_t}\mathrm{d}y\right) dy=fx′