ros::package::getPath:
std::string ros::package::getPath (const std::string & package_name)
Returns the fully-qualified path to a package, or an empty string if the
package is not found.
参考:
http://docs.ros.org/kinetic/api/roslib/html/c++/namespaceros_1_1package.html#ae9470dd201aa4e66abb833e710d812a4
https://answers.ros.org/question/73906/path-to-resource-files-in-c-node/