UE4C++ GameInstance实例化

一、序言

    GameInstance：正在运行的游戏实例的高级管理器对象。在游戏创建时生成并且在游戏实例关闭之前不会被销毁。作为独立游戏运行，将会有其中之一。在 PIE（play-in-editor）中运行将为每个 PIE 实例生成其中之一。

  GameInstance是UE4中的全局类，只有一个实例，

• 保证一个类只有一个实例
• 提供一个访问该实例的全局节点，可以视为一个全局变量
• 仅在首次请求单例对象时对其进行初始化。\

二、GameInstance的作用

• “Init”与“ShutDown”：引擎初始化与关闭时执行的逻辑；
• “NetWorkError”与“TravelError”：网络和跨关卡时的错误；
• 与LocalPlayer相关：
• 为游戏保存全局数据：比如上一个关卡的信息需要在下一个关卡使用时；只是临时数据，游戏结束则消失；（持久保存数据需要用SaveGame）
• UI界面的切换：UE4中的UI比较独特，是通过独立的Widget来产生，使用时需要Create此Widget然后show出来。复杂的并且重用的UI界面切换逻辑可以在此实现，因为GameInstance在各个类中都可以获得，方便各个地方调用；
• Network、Session相关的事务；管理Session；
• 自定义的需要全局使用的逻辑：比如TCP、UDP通信，因为绑定本机IP和端口、并且发送和接受的方法实际上只定义一次，因为跨关卡的特殊性，不可能在每个level中使用一个Actor每次都设置一次，所以应该写在GameInstance中；

三、创建GameInstance并且实例化

实例化全局变量

// Fill out your copyright notice in the Description page of Project Settings.

#pragma once

#include "CoreMinimal.h"
#include "Engine/GameInstance.h"
#include "MyGameInstance.generated.h"

/**
 * 
 */

USTRUCT()
struct FMyStruct
{
	GENERATED_USTRUCT_BODY()

		UPROPERTY()
		FString GameInstanceName;

	UPROPERTY()
		float GameInstanceID;
public:
};


UCLASS()
class NEWOBJECT_API UMyGameInstance : public UGameInstance
{
	GENERATED_BODY()

public:
	UFUNCTION(BlueprintCallable)
		static UMyGameInstance* GetMyInstance();

	UPROPERTY(EditAnywhere,BlueprintReadWrite,Category = "GameInstance")
		float MyHealth = 1.0f;

	int32 Number = 2;
	float CurrentHealth = 0.5;
};

// Fill out your copyright notice in the Description page of Project Settings.


#include "MyGameInstance.h"

UMyGameInstance* UMyGameInstance::GetMyInstance()
{
	UMyGameInstance* instance = nullptr;
	if (GEngine)
	{
		FWorldContext* context = GEngine->GetWorldContextFromGameViewport(GEngine->GameViewport);
		instance = Cast<UMyGameInstance>(context->OwningGameInstance);
	}
	return instance;
}

创建Actor类创建对象

// Fill out your copyright notice in the Description page of Project Settings.

#pragma once

#include "CoreMinimal.h"
#include "GameFramework/Actor.h"
#include "MyObject.h"
#include "MyGameInstance.h"
#include "MyActor.generated.h"

UCLASS()
class NEWOBJECT_API AMyActor : public AActor
{
	GENERATED_BODY()
	
public:	
	// Sets default values for this actor's properties
	AMyActor();

protected:
	// Called when the game starts or when spawned
	virtual void BeginPlay() override;

public:	
	// Called every frame
	virtual void Tick(float DeltaTime) override;

	UPROPERTY()
		TSubclassOf<UMyObject> MyObjectInstance;

	UPROPERTY()
		UMyObject *MyObject;

	
};

// Fill out your copyright notice in the Description page of Project Settings.


#include "MyActor.h"

// Sets default values
AMyActor::AMyActor()
{
 	// Set this actor to call Tick() every frame.  You can turn this off to improve performance if you don't need it.
	PrimaryActorTick.bCanEverTick = true;

}

// Called when the game starts or when spawned
void AMyActor::BeginPlay()
{
	Super::BeginPlay();
	MyObjectInstance = UMyObject::StaticClass();
	MyObject = NewObject<UMyObject>(GetWorld(),MyObjectInstance);
	if (MyObject)
	{
		
		UE_LOG(LogTemp, Warning, TEXT("MyobjectName is: %s"), *MyObject->GetName());
		UE_LOG(LogTemp, Warning, TEXT("CharactreID is: %d"), MyObject->GameDataBase.CharacterID);
		UE_LOG(LogTemp, Warning, TEXT("Character is: %s"), *MyObject->GameDataBase.Character);

		GEngine->AddOnScreenDebugMessage(-1, 5.f, FColor::Red, FString::Printf(TEXT("MyobjectName : %s"), *MyObject->GetName()));
		GEngine->AddOnScreenDebugMessage(-1, 5.f, FColor::Red,FString::Printf(TEXT("CharactreID : %d"), MyObject->GameDataBase.CharacterID));
		GEngine->AddOnScreenDebugMessage(-1, 5.f, FColor::Red, FString::Printf(TEXT("Character : %s"), *MyObject->GameDataBase.Character));
		UMyGameInstance* MyGameInstancePtr = UMyGameInstance::GetMyInstance();
		GEngine->AddOnScreenDebugMessage(-1, 5.f, FColor::Red, FString::Printf(TEXT("GameInstance : %s"), *MyGameInstancePtr->GetName()));
		GEngine->AddOnScreenDebugMessage(-1, 5.f, FColor::Red, FString::Printf(TEXT("GameInstanceId : %d"), MyGameInstancePtr->Number));
		GEngine->AddOnScreenDebugMessage(-1, 5.f, FColor::Red, FString::Printf(TEXT("GameInstanceId : %f"), MyGameInstancePtr->CurrentHealth));
	}

}

// Called every frame
void AMyActor::Tick(float DeltaTime)
{
	Super::Tick(DeltaTime);

}

结果如下