平衡二叉树（AVL树）：当且仅当任何节点的两棵子树的高度差不大于1的二叉树；
一、AVL 树（二分搜索树&平衡二叉树）
AVL树是二分搜索树的改进版，防止二分搜索树在一些情况下退化为链表。
AVL树最大高度： l o g n logn logn
1、自平衡机制
2、平衡二叉树代码实现
import java.util.ArrayList;
/**
* AVL平衡二叉树
*
* @author whx
* @version 2018/9/1
*/
public class AVLTree<K extends Comparable<K>,V> {
private Node root;
private int size;
public AVLTree() {
root = null;
size = 0;
}
/**
* 获取某个节点的高度
*
* @param node
* @return int
* @author whx
* @version 2018/9/1
*/
private int getHeight(Node node){
if(node == null){
return 0;
}
return node.height;
}
/**
* 获取某个节点的平衡因子
*
* @param node
* @return int
* @author whx
* @version 2018/9/1
*/
private int getBalanceFactor(Node node){
if (node == null) {
return 0;
}
return getHeight(node.left) - getHeight(node.right);
}
/**
* 查看AVL平衡二叉树是否是二分搜索树
*
* @param
* @return boolean
* @author whx
* @version 2018/9/1
*/
private boolean isBinarySearchTree(){
ArrayList<K> keys = new ArrayList<>();
inOrder(root,keys);
for (int i = 1; i < keys.size(); i++) {
if(keys.get(i - 1).compareTo(keys.get(i)) > 0){
return false;
}
}
return true;
}
/**
* 查看AVL平衡二叉树是否是平衡二叉树
*
* @return boolean
* @author whx
* @version 2018/9/1
*/
private boolean isBalanced(){
return isBalanced(root);
}
/**
* 递归查看以node为根节点的AVL平衡二叉树是否是平衡二叉树
*
* @param node
* @return boolean
* @author whx
* @version 2018/9/1
*/
private boolean isBalanced(Node node){
if (node == null) {
return true;
}
int balanceFactor = getBalanceFactor(node);
if(Math.abs(balanceFactor) > 1){
return false;
}
return isBalanced(node.left) && isBalanced(node.right);
}
// 对节点y进行向右旋转操作，返回旋转后新的根节点x
// y x
// / \ / \
// x T4 向右旋转 (y) z y
// / \ - - - - - - - -> / \ / \
// z T3 T1 T2 T3 T4
// / \
// T1 T2
/**
* 右旋转操作
* @param y
* @return AVLTree<K,V>.Node
* @author whx
* @version 2018/9/1
*/
private Node rightRotate(Node y){
Node x = y.left;
Node T3 = x.right;
//右旋转操作
x.right = y;
y.left = T3;
//更新height
y.height = Math.max(getHeight(y.left), getHeight(y.right)) + 1;
x.height = Math.max(getHeight(x.left), getHeight(x.right)) + 1;
return x;
}
// 对节点y进行向左旋转操作，返回旋转后新的根节点x
// y x
// / \ / \
// T1 x 向左旋转 (y) y z
// / \ - - - - - - - -> / \ / \
// T2 z T1 T2 T3 T4
// / \
// T3 T4
/**
* 左旋转操作
*
* @param y
* @return AVLTree<K,V>.Node
* @author whx
* @version 2018/9/1
*/
private Node leftRotate(Node y){
Node x = y.right;
Node T2 = x.left;
//左旋转操作
x.left = y;
y.right = T2;
//更新height
y.height = Math.max(getHeight(y.left), getHeight(y.right)) + 1;
x.height = Math.max(getHeight(x.left), getHeight(x.right)) + 1;
return x;
}
/**
* 中序遍历以node为根节点的AVL平衡二叉树
* 深度优先遍历，递归实现
*
* @param node
* @return void
* @author whx
* @version 2018/8/18
*/
private void inOrder(Node node, ArrayList<K> keys){
if(node == null){
return;
}
inOrder(node.left,keys);
keys.add(node.key);
inOrder(node.right,keys);
}
/**
* 向AVL平衡二叉树中插入元素
*
* @param key
* @param value
* @return void
* @author whx
* @version 2018/9/1
*/
public void add(K key, V value) {
root = add(root,key,value);
}
/**
* 向node为根元素的AVL平衡二叉树中插入元素
* 递归算法
*
* @param node
* @param key
* @param value
* @return void
* @author whx
* @version 2018/8/19
*/
private Node add(Node node, K key, V value){
//递归终止条件，返回结果为null
if(node == null){
size ++;
return new Node(key,value);
}
if(key.compareTo(node.key) < 0){
node.left = add(node.left,key,value);
}else if(key.compareTo(node.key) > 0){
node.right = add(node.right,key,value);
}else {
node.value = value;
}
/**========== 维护平衡 Start ==========*/
//更新Height
node.height = 1 + Math.max(getHeight(node.left), getHeight(node.right));
//计算平衡因子
int balanceFactor = getBalanceFactor(node);
//LL左孩子节点的左侧产生不平衡
if(balanceFactor > 1 && getBalanceFactor(node.left) >= 0){
//右旋转操作
return rightRotate(node);
}
//RR右孩子节点的右侧产生不平衡
if (balanceFactor < -1 && getBalanceFactor(node.right) <= 0){
//左旋转操作
return leftRotate(node);
}
//LR左孩子节点的右侧产生不平衡
if(balanceFactor > 1 && getBalanceFactor(node.left) < 0){
node.left = leftRotate(node.left);
//右旋转操作
return rightRotate(node);
}
//RL右孩子节点的左侧产生不平衡
if(balanceFactor <-1 && getBalanceFactor(node.right) > 0){
node.right = rightRotate(node.right);
//右旋转操作
return leftRotate(node);
}
/**========== 维护平衡 End ==========*/
return node;
}
/**
* 查找AVL平衡二叉树的最小值
*
* @param
* @return V
* @author whx
* @version 2018/8/18
*/
public V minimum(){
if(isEmpty()){
throw new IllegalArgumentException("BinarySearchTree is empty !");
}
return minimum(root).value;
}
/**
* 查找以node为根节点AVL平衡二叉树的最小节点
* 深度优先遍历，递归实现
*
* @param node
* @return BinarySearchTree<E>.Node
* @author whx
* @version 2018/8/18
*/
private Node minimum(Node node) {
if(isEmpty()){
throw new IllegalArgumentException("BinarySearchTree is empty !");
}
if(node.left == null){
return node;
}
return minimum(node.left);
}
/**
* 查找AVL平衡二叉树的最大值
*
* @param
* @return V
* @author whx
* @version 2018/8/18
*/
public V maximize(){
if(isEmpty()){
throw new IllegalArgumentException("BinarySearchTree is empty !");
}
return maximize(root).value;
}
/**
* 查找以node为根节点AVL平衡二叉树的最大节点
* 深度优先遍历，递归实现
*
* @param node
* @return BinarySearchTree<E>.Node
* @author whx
* @version 2018/8/18
*/
private Node maximize(Node node) {
if(isEmpty()){
throw new IllegalArgumentException("BinarySearchTree is empty !");
}
if(node.right == null){
return node;
}
return minimum(node.right);
}
/**
* 删除AVL平衡二叉树的最大值
*
* @param
* @return V
* @author whx
* @version 2018/8/18
*/
public V removeMax(){
V maximize = maximize();
removeMax(root);
return maximize;
}
/**
* 删除以node为根的AVL平衡二叉树的最大节点
* 深度优先遍历，递归实现
*
* @param node
* @return BinarySearchTree<E>.Node
* @author whx
* @version 2018/8/18
*/
private Node removeMax(Node node){
if(node.right == null){
Node leftNode = node.left;
node.left = null;
size --;
return leftNode;
}
node.right = removeMin(node.right);
return node;
}
/**
* 删除AVL平衡二叉树的最小值
*
* @param
* @return BinarySearchTree<E>.Node
* @author whx
* @version 2018/8/18
*/
public V removeMin(){
V minimum = minimum();
removeMin(root);
return minimum;
}
/**
* 删除以node为根的AVL平衡二叉树的最小节点
* 深度优先遍历，递归实现
*
* @param node
* @return BinarySearchTree<E>.Node
* @author whx
* @version 2018/8/18
*/
private Node removeMin(Node node){
if(node.left == null){
Node rightNode = node.right;
node.right = null;
size --;
return rightNode;
}
node.left = removeMin(node.left);
return node;
}
public V remove(K key) {
Node node = getNode(root,key);
if(node != null){
root = remove(root, key);
return node.value;
}
return null;
}
/**
* 删除以node为根的AVL平衡二叉树中的指定元素
* 深度优先遍历，递归实现
*
* @param node
* @param key
* @return BinarySearchTree<E>.Node
* @author whx
* @version 2018/8/18
*/
private Node remove(Node node, K key) {
if(node == null){
return null;
}
Node resultNode;
if(key.compareTo(node.key) < 0){
node.left = remove(node.left, key);
resultNode = node;
}else if(key.compareTo(node.key) > 0){
node.right = remove(node.right, key);
resultNode = node;
}else /*if(key.compareTo(node.key) == 0)*/{
// 删除右子树为空的情况
if(node.right == null){
Node leftNode = node.left;
node.left = null;
size --;
resultNode = leftNode;
}
// 删除左子树为空的情况
else if(node.left == null){
Node rightNode = node.right;
node.right = null;
size --;
resultNode = rightNode;
}
// 删除左子树、右子树均不为空的情况
else {
// 1、删除后用后继节点替代该位置(后继节点即待删除节点右子树中的最小节点)
// 获得后继节点
Node successor = minimum(node.right);
// 删除后继节点，并让待删除节点的右子树成为后继节点的右子树
successor.right = remove(node.right,successor.key);
// 让待删除节点的左子树成为后继节点的左子树
successor.left = node.left;
// 将待删除节点的左、右子节点置为空
node.left = node.right = null;
resultNode = successor;
/**
// 2、删除后用前驱节点替代该位置(前驱节点即待删除节点左子树中的最大节点)
// 获得前驱节点
Node predecessor = maximize(node.left);
// 删除前驱节点，并让待删除节点的左子树成为前驱节点的左子树
predecessor.left = removeMax(node);
// 让待删除节点的右子树成为前驱节点的右子树
predecessor.right = node.right;
// 将待删除节点的左、右子节点置为空
node.left = node.right = null;
return predecessor;
*/
}
}
/**========== 维护平衡 Start ==========*/
if(resultNode == null){
return null;
}
//更新Height
resultNode.height = 1 + Math.max(getHeight(resultNode.left), getHeight(resultNode.right));
//计算平衡因子
int balanceFactor = getBalanceFactor(resultNode);
//LL左孩子节点的左侧产生不平衡
if(balanceFactor > 1 && getBalanceFactor(resultNode.left) >= 0){
//右旋转操作
return rightRotate(resultNode);
}
//RR右孩子节点的右侧产生不平衡
if (balanceFactor < -1 && getBalanceFactor(resultNode.right) <= 0){
//左旋转操作
return leftRotate(resultNode);
}
//LR左孩子节点的右侧产生不平衡
if(balanceFactor > 1 && getBalanceFactor(resultNode.left) < 0){
resultNode.left = leftRotate(resultNode.left);
//右旋转操作
return rightRotate(resultNode);
}
//RL右孩子节点的左侧产生不平衡
if(balanceFactor <-1 && getBalanceFactor(resultNode.right) > 0){
resultNode.right = rightRotate(resultNode.right);
//右旋转操作
return leftRotate(resultNode);
}
/**========== 维护平衡 End ==========*/
return resultNode;
}
public boolean contains(K key) {
return getNode(root,key) != null;
}
public V get(K key) {
Node node = getNode(root, key);
return node != null ? node.value : null;
}
public void set(K key, V value) {
Node node = getNode(root, key);
if(node == null){
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Set failed. key is not exists!");
}
node.value = value;
}
public int getSize() {
return size;
}
public boolean isEmpty() {
return size == 0;
}
/**
* 根据key获取Node
*
* @param node
* @param key
* @return map.LinkedListMap<K,V>.Node
* @author whx
* @version 2018/8/19
*/
public Node getNode(Node node,K key){
if(node == null){
return null;
}
if(key.compareTo(node.key) == 0){
return node;
}else if(key.compareTo(node.key) < 0){
return getNode(node.left,key);
}else{
return getNode(node.right,key);
}
}
/**
* 节点类
*
* @author whx
* @version 2018/8/18
*/
private class Node{
public K key;
public V value;
public Node left,right;
public int height;
public Node(K key, V value){
this.key = key;
this.value = value;
left = null;
right = null;
height = 1;
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
ArrayList<String> words = new ArrayList<>();
FileOperation.readFile("pride-and-prejudice.txt",words);
System.out.println("Total words: " + words.size());
AVLTree<String,Integer> wordsMap = new AVLTree();
for (String word : words) {
if(wordsMap.contains(word)){
wordsMap.set(word,wordsMap.get(word)+1);
}else {
wordsMap.add(word,1);
}
}
System.out.println("Total different words: " + wordsMap.getSize());
System.out.println("Frequency of PRIDE "+wordsMap.get("pride"));
System.out.println("Frequency of is "+wordsMap.get("is"));
System.out.println("Frequency of of "+wordsMap.get("of"));
System.out.println("isBinarySearchTree:"+wordsMap.isBinarySearchTree());
System.out.println("isBalanced:"+wordsMap.isBalanced());
for (String word : words) {
wordsMap.remove(word);
if(!wordsMap.isBinarySearchTree() || !wordsMap.isBalanced()){
throw new RuntimeException("Error");
}
}
}
}
FileOperation.java
import java.io.BufferedInputStream;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Locale;
import java.util.Scanner;
// 文件相关操作
public class FileOperation {
// 读取文件名称为filename中的内容，并将其中包含的所有词语放进words中
public static boolean readFile(String filename, ArrayList<String> words){
if (filename == null || words == null){
System.out.println("filename is null or words is null");
return false;
}
// 文件读取
Scanner scanner;
try {
File file = new File(filename);
if(file.exists()){
FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(file);
scanner = new Scanner(new BufferedInputStream(fis), "UTF-8");
scanner.useLocale(Locale.ENGLISH);
}
else
return false;
}
catch(IOException ioe){
System.out.println("Cannot open " + filename);
return false;
}
// 简单分词
// 这个分词方式相对简陋, 没有考虑很多文本处理中的特殊问题
// 在这里只做demo展示用
if (scanner.hasNextLine()) {
String contents = scanner.useDelimiter("\\A").next();
int start = firstCharacterIndex(contents, 0);
for (int i = start + 1; i <= contents.length(); ){
if (i == contents.length() || !Character.isLetter(contents.charAt(i))) {
String word = contents.substring(start, i).toLowerCase();
words.add(word);
start = firstCharacterIndex(contents, i);
i = start + 1;
} else{
i++;
}
}
}
return true;
}
// 寻找字符串s中，从start的位置开始的第一个字母字符的位置
private static int firstCharacterIndex(String s, int start){
for( int i = start ; i < s.length() ; i ++ ){
if( Character.isLetter(s.charAt(i)) ){
return i;
}
}
return s.length();
}
}
Main.java
import java.util.ArrayList;
/**
* @author whx
* @version 2018/9/1
*/
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ArrayList<String> words = new ArrayList<>();
FileOperation.readFile("pride-and-prejudice.txt",words);
System.out.println("Total words: " + words.size());
AVLTree<String,Integer> wordsMap = new AVLTree();
for (String word : words) {
if(wordsMap.contains(word)){
wordsMap.set(word,wordsMap.get(word)+1);
}else {
wordsMap.add(word,1);
}
}
System.out.println("Total different words: " + wordsMap.getSize());
System.out.println("Frequency of PRIDE "+wordsMap.get("pride"));
System.out.println("Frequency of is "+wordsMap.get("is"));
}
}
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