Pandas-数据结构-DataFrame（六）：布尔型索引【用于逻辑筛选】

一、不做索引则会对数据每个值进行判断

import numpy as np
import pandas as pd

# 布尔型索引
# 和Series原理相同

df = pd.DataFrame(np.random.rand(16).reshape(4, 4) * 100,
                  index=['one', 'two', 'three', 'four'],
                  columns=['a', 'b', 'c', 'd'])
print("df = \n", df)
print('-' * 100)

# 不做索引则会对数据每个值进行判断
b1 = df < 20
print("b1 = \n{0} \ntype(b1) = {1}".format(b1, type(b1)))
print('-' * 50)
# 索引结果保留 所有数据：True返回原数据，False返回值为NaN
print("df[b1] = \n", df[b1])  # 也可以书写为 df[df < 20]
print('-' * 100)

打印结果：

df = 
                a          b          c          d
one    87.291813  52.283368  63.663946  51.061549
two    63.136263   3.771473  16.311522  49.151494
three  51.227805  94.406828  68.841388  38.832457
four   71.877744  24.139374  14.785827  40.320004
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
b1 = 
           a      b      c      d
one    False  False  False  False
two    False   True   True  False
three  False  False  False  False
four   False  False   True  False 
type(b1) = <class 'pandas.core.frame.DataFrame'>
--------------------------------------------------
df[b1] = 
         a         b          c   d
one   NaN       NaN        NaN NaN
two   NaN  3.771473  16.311522 NaN
three NaN       NaN        NaN NaN
four  NaN       NaN  14.785827 NaN
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Process finished with exit code 0

二、单列做判断

import numpy as np
import pandas as pd

# 布尔型索引
# 和Series原理相同

df = pd.DataFrame(np.random.rand(16).reshape(4, 4) * 100,
                  index=['one', 'two', 'three', 'four'],
                  columns=['a', 'b', 'c', 'd'])
print("df = \n", df)
print('-' * 100)

# 单列做判断
# 索引结果保留 单列判断为True的行数据，包括其他列
b2 = df['a'] > 50
print("b2 = \n{0} \ntype(b2) = {1}".format(b2, type(b2)))
print('-' * 50)
print("df[b2] = \n", df[b2])  # 也可以书写为 df[df['a'] > 50]
print('-' * 100)

打印结果：

df = 
                a          b          c          d
one    58.278853  52.279956  26.786818  58.326127
two     2.962522  15.493893  61.898196  68.399135
three   3.041504  58.567052  72.174175  40.690512
four   26.269447  56.494043  24.593274   6.181143
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
b2 = 
one       True
two      False
three    False
four     False
Name: a, dtype: bool 
type(b2) = <class 'pandas.core.series.Series'>
--------------------------------------------------
df[b2] = 
              a          b          c          d
one  58.278853  52.279956  26.786818  58.326127
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Process finished with exit code 0

三、多列做判断

import numpy as np
import pandas as pd

# 布尔型索引
# 和Series原理相同

df = pd.DataFrame(np.random.rand(16).reshape(4, 4) * 100,
                  index=['one', 'two', 'three', 'four'],
                  columns=['a', 'b', 'c', 'd'])
print("df = \n", df)
print('-' * 100)

# 多列做判断
# 索引结果保留 所有数据：True返回原数据，False返回值为NaN
b3 = df[['a', 'b']] > 50
print("b3 = \n{0} \ntype(b3) = {1}".format(b3, type(b3)))
print('-' * 50)
print("df[b3] = \n", df[b3])  # 也可以书写为 df[df[['a','b']] > 50]
print('-' * 100)

打印结果：

df = 
                a          b          c          d
one    83.682549  43.806675  18.337635   4.737157
two    26.310925  44.744914  88.206433  78.928505
three  17.707802  15.605249  42.536194  33.818267
four   56.771041  76.339754   6.616507   6.201109
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
b3 = 
           a      b
one     True  False
two    False  False
three  False  False
four    True   True 
type(b3) = <class 'pandas.core.frame.DataFrame'>
--------------------------------------------------
df[b3] = 
                a          b   c   d
one    83.682549        NaN NaN NaN
two          NaN        NaN NaN NaN
three        NaN        NaN NaN NaN
four   56.771041  76.339754 NaN NaN
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Process finished with exit code 0

四、多行做判断

import numpy as np
import pandas as pd

# 布尔型索引
# 和Series原理相同

df = pd.DataFrame(np.random.rand(16).reshape(4, 4) * 100,
                  index=['one', 'two', 'three', 'four'],
                  columns=['a', 'b', 'c', 'd'])
print("df = \n", df)
print('-' * 100)

# 多行做判断
# 索引结果保留 所有数据：True返回原数据，False返回值为NaN
b4 = df.loc[['one', 'three']] < 50
print("b4 = \n{0} \ntype(b4) = {1}".format(b4, type(b4)))
print('-' * 50)
print("df[b4] = \n", df[b4])   # 也可以书写为 df[df.loc[['one','three']] < 50]
print('-' * 100)

打印结果：

df = 
                a          b          c          d
one    85.557233  63.095288  82.460026  11.354019
two    31.769011  54.641329  80.713415  59.087436
three   9.233315  11.215880  26.345829  40.227091
four    8.940842  76.884994  57.372274  78.014795
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
b4 = 
           a      b      c     d
one    False  False  False  True
three   True   True   True  True 
type(b4) = <class 'pandas.core.frame.DataFrame'>
--------------------------------------------------
df[b4] = 
               a         b          c          d
one         NaN       NaN        NaN  11.354019
two         NaN       NaN        NaN        NaN
three  9.233315  11.21588  26.345829  40.227091
four        NaN       NaN        NaN        NaN
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Process finished with exit code 0