0 0 \cfrac{0}{0} 00 型不定式极限
定理 6.7
若函数 f f f 和 g g g 满足:
- (i) lim x → x 0 f ( x ) = lim x → x 0 g ( x ) = 0 \lim \limits_{x \rightarrow x_{0}} f(x)=\lim \limits_{x \rightarrow x_{0}} g(x)=0 x→x0limf(x)=x→x0limg(x)=0;
- (ii) 在点 x 0 x_{0} x0 的某空心邻域 U ∘ ( x 0 ) U^{\circ}\left(x_{0}\right) U∘(x0)上两者都可导,且 g ′ ( x ) ≠ 0 g^{\prime}(x) \neq 0 g′(x)=0;
- (iii) lim x → x 0 f ′ ( x ) g ′ ( x ) = A ( A \lim \limits_{x \rightarrow x_{0}} \cfrac{f^{\prime}(x)}{g^{\prime}(x)}=A(A x→x0limg′(x)f′(x)=A(A可为实数, 也可为 ± ∞ \pm \infty ±∞ 或 ∞ \infty ∞ ),
则
lim x → x 0 f ( x ) g ( x ) = lim x → x 0 f ′ ( x ) g ′ ( x ) = A \lim \limits_{x \rightarrow x_{0}} \cfrac{f(x)}{g(x)}=\lim \limits_{x \rightarrow x_{0}} \cfrac{f^{\prime}(x)}{g^{\prime}(x)}=A x→x0limg(x)f(x)=x→x0limg′(x)f′(x)=A
证
补充定义 f ( x 0 ) = g ( x 0 ) = 0 f\left(x_{0}\right)=\boldsymbol{g}\left(x_{0}\right)=0 f(x0)=g(x0)=0,使得 f f f 与 g \boldsymbol{g} g 在点 x 0 x_{0} x0 连续.任取 x ∈ U ∘ ( x 0 ) x \in U^{\circ}\left(x_{0}\right) x∈U∘(x0), 在区间 [ x 0 , x ] \left[x_{0}, x\right] [x0,x] (或