定理 6.10 (泰勒定理) 【带有拉格朗日型余项的泰勒公式】
若函数 f f f 在 [ a , b ] [a, b] [a,b] 上存在直至 n n n阶的连续导函数, 在 ( a , b ) (a, b) (a,b)上存在 ( n + 1 ) (n+1) (n+1) 阶导函数, 则对任意给定的 x , x 0 ∈ [ a , b ] x, x_{0} \in[a, b] x,x0∈[a,b], 至少存在一点 ξ ∈ ( a , b ) \xi \in(a, b) ξ∈(a,b), 使得
f ( x ) = f ( x 0 ) + f ′ ( x 0 ) ( x − x 0 ) + f ′ ′ ( x 0 ) 2 ! ( x − x 0 ) 2 + ⋯ + f ( n ) ( x 0 ) n ! ( x − x 0 ) n + f ( n + 1 ) ( ξ ) ( n + 1 ) ! ( x − x 0 ) n + 1 ( 7 ) \begin{aligned} f(x)= & f\left(x_{0}\right)+f^{\prime}\left(x_{0}\right)\left(x-x_{0}\right)+\frac{f^{\prime \prime}\left(x_{0}\right)}{2 !}\left(x-x_{0}\right)^{2}+\cdots+ \frac{f^{(n)}\left(x_{0}\right)}{n !}\left(x-x_{0}\right)^{n}+\frac{f^{(n+1)}(\xi)}{(n+1) !}\left(x-x_{0}\right)^{n+1} \quad(7) \end{aligned} f(x)=f(x0)+f′(x0)(x−x0)+2!f′′(x0)(x−x0)2+⋯+n!f(n)(x0)(x−x0)n+(n+1)!f(n+1)(ξ)(x−x0)n+1(7)
拉格朗日型余项:
R n ( x ) = 1 ( n + 1 ) ! f ( n + 1 ) ( ξ ) ( x − x 0 ) n + 1 R_{n}(x) = \frac{1}{(n+1) !}f^{(n+1)}(\xi)\left(x-x_{0}\right)^{n+1} Rn(x)=(n+1)!1f(n+1)(ξ)(x−x0)n+1
若在 [ a , b ] [a, b] [a,b] 上 u ( x ) , v ( x ) u(x), v(x) u(x),v(</