实验结果表明:添加CBAM模块后精确度P和召回率R略有提升,但map值却有所降低。
红色框是新增小目标检测头的结构,融合了高层的语义信息,同时又有低层的位置信息。
三个模型:yolov5s 添加注意力机制的yolov5s_CBAM 添加检测头的yolov5s_add
将三个模型通过对TinyPerson数据集训练,添加检测头的模型提升效果显著,添加注意力机制的模型略有提升。
代码示例:
1、在common.py中写入CBAM相关函数(下面代码),外部调用时调用C3CBAM类
# CBAM
class ChannelAttention(nn.Module):
def __init__(self, in_planes, ratio=16):
super(ChannelAttention, self).__init__()
self.avg_pool = nn.AdaptiveAvgPool2d(1)
self.max_pool = nn.AdaptiveMaxPool2d(1)
self.f1 = nn.Conv2d(in_planes, in_planes // ratio, 1, bias=False)
self.relu = nn.ReLU()
self.f2 = nn.Conv2d(in_planes // ratio, in_planes, 1, bias=False)
self.sigmoid = nn.Sigmoid()
def forward(self, x):
avg_out = self.f2(self.relu(self.f1(self.avg_pool(x))))
max_out = self.f2(self.relu(self.f1(self.max_pool(x))))
out = self.sigmoid(avg_out + max_out)
return out
class SpatialAttention(nn.Module):
def __init__(self, kernel_size=7):
super(SpatialAttention, self).__init__()
assert kernel_size in (3, 7), 'kernel size must be 3 or 7'
padding = 3 if kernel_size == 7 else 1
# (特征图的大小-算子的size+2*padding)/步长+1
self.conv = nn.Conv2d(2, 1, kernel_size, padding=padding, bias=False)
self.sigmoid = nn.Sigmoid()
def forward(self, x):
# 1*h*w
avg_out = torch.mean(x, dim=1, keepdim=True)
max_out, _ = torch.max(x, dim=1, keepdim=True)
x = torch.cat([avg_out, max_out], dim=1)
#2*h*w
x = self.conv(x)
#1*h*w
return self.sigmoid(x)
class CBAM(nn.Module):
# CSP Bottleneck with 3 convolutions
def __init__(self, c1, c2, ratio=16, kernel_size=7): # ch_in, ch_out, number, shortcut, groups, expansion
super(CBAM, self).__init__()
self.channel_attention = ChannelAttention(c1, ratio)
self.spatial_attention = SpatialAttention(kernel_size)
def forward(self, x):
out = self.channel_attention(x) * x
# c*h*w
# c*h*w * 1*h*w
out = self.spatial_attention(out) * out
return out
class CBAMBottleneck(nn.Module):
# Standard bottleneck
def __init__(self, c1, c2, shortcut=True, g=1, e=0.5,ratio=16,kernel_size=7): # ch_in, ch_out, shortcut, groups, expansion
super(CBAMBottleneck,self).__init__()
c_ = int(c2 * e) # hidden channels
self.cv1 = Conv(c1, c_, 1, 1)
self.cv2 = Conv(c_, c2, 3, 1, g=g)
self.add = shortcut and c1 == c2
self.channel_attention = ChannelAttention(c2, ratio)
self.spatial_attention = SpatialAttention(kernel_size)
#self.cbam=CBAM(c1,c2,ratio,kernel_size)
def forward(self, x):
x1=self.cv2(self.cv1(x))
out = self.channel_attention(x1) * x1
# print('outchannels:{}'.format(out.shape))
out = self.spatial_attention(out) * out
return x + out if self.add else out
class C3CBAM(C3):
# C3 module with CBAMBottleneck()
def __init__(self, c1, c2, n=1, shortcut=True, g=1, e=0.5):
super().__init__(c1, c2, n, shortcut, g, e)
c_ = int(c2 * e) # hidden channels
self.m = nn.Sequential(*(CBAMBottleneck(c_, c_,shortcut) for _ in range(n)))
2、yolo.py文件增加判断条件:
3-1、新建配置文件yolov5m_C3CBAM.yaml(主干网络backbone中插入C3CBAM),原文件为yolov5m.yaml
注释:nc为目标类别数量,我的任务目标有两个类,所以应该为2。下图的80是原代码的类别数量
3-2、新建配置文件yolov5m_addlayer.yaml(主干网络backbone不变,head部分增加小目标检测头,增加小目标预设锚框anchors),原文件为yolov5m.yaml
# YOLOv5 🚀 by Ultralytics, GPL-3.0 license
# Parameters
nc: 2 # number of classes
depth_multiple: 0.33 # model depth multiple
width_multiple: 0.50 # layer channel multiple
anchors:
- [4,5, 8,10, 22,18] # P2/4 增加P2特征层
- [10,13, 16,30, 33,23] # P3/8
- [30,61, 62,45, 59,119] # P4/16
- [116,90, 156,198, 373,326] # P5/32
# YOLOv5 v6.0 backbone
backbone:
# [from, number, module, args]
[[-1, 1, Conv, [64, 6, 2, 2]], # 0-P1/2
[-1, 1, Conv, [128, 3, 2]], # 1-P2/4
[-1, 3, C3, [128]],
[-1, 1, Conv, [256, 3, 2]], # 3-P3/8
[-1, 6, C3, [256]],
[-1, 1, Conv, [512, 3, 2]], # 5-P4/16
[-1, 9, C3, [512]],
[-1, 1, Conv, [1024, 3, 2]], # 7-P5/32
[-1, 3, C3, [1024]],
[-1, 1, SPPF, [1024, 5]], # 9
]
# YOLOv5 v6.0 head
head:
[[-1, 1, Conv, [512, 1, 1]],
[-1, 1, nn.Upsample, [None, 2, 'nearest']],
[[-1, 6], 1, Concat, [1]], # cat backbone P4
[-1, 3, C3, [512, False]], # 13
[-1, 1, Conv, [256, 1, 1]],
[-1, 1, nn.Upsample, [None, 2, 'nearest']],
[[-1, 4], 1, Concat, [1]], # cat backbone P3
# add feature extration layer ########
[-1, 3, C3, [256, False]], # 17
[-1, 1, Conv, [128, 1, 1]],
[-1, 1, nn.Upsample, [None, 2, 'nearest']],
[[-1, 2], 1, Concat, [1]], # cat backbone P3
# add detect layer
[-1, 3, C3, [128, False]], # 21 (P4/4-minium)
[-1, 1, Conv, [128, 3, 2]],
[[-1, 18], 1, Concat, [1]], # cat head P3
# end
[-1, 3, C3, [256, False]], # 24 (P3/8-small)
[-1, 1, Conv, [256, 3, 2]],
[[-1, 14], 1, Concat, [1]], # cat head P4
[-1, 3, C3, [512, False]], # 27 (P4/16-medium)
[-1, 1, Conv, [512, 3, 2]],
[[-1, 10], 1, Concat, [1]], # cat head P5
[-1, 3, C3, [1024, False]], # 30 (P5/32-large)
[[21, 24, 27, 30], 1, Detect, [nc, anchors]], # Detect(P2, P3, P4, P5) 输出的层,按上面的层数从上往下数(一共31层(不含输入层和输出))
]
3-3、新建配置文件yolov5m_addlayer_C3CBAM.yaml(主干网络backbone中插入C3CBAM,head部分增加小目标检测头,增加小目标预设锚框anchors),原文件为yolov5m.yaml
# YOLOv5 🚀 by Ultralytics, GPL-3.0 license
# Parameters
nc: 2 # number of classes
depth_multiple: 0.33 # model depth multiple
width_multiple: 0.50 # layer channel multiple
anchors:
- [4,5, 8,10, 22,18] # P2/4 增加P2特征层
- [10,13, 16,30, 33,23] # P3/8
- [30,61, 62,45, 59,119] # P4/16
- [116,90, 156,198, 373,326] # P5/32
# YOLOv5 v6.0 backbone
backbone:
# [from, number, module, args]
[[-1, 1, Conv, [64, 6, 2, 2]], # 0-P1/2
[-1, 1, Conv, [128, 3, 2]], # 1-P2/4
[-1, 3, C3CBAM, [128]],
[-1, 1, Conv, [256, 3, 2]], # 3-P3/8
[-1, 6, C3CBAM, [256]],
[-1, 1, Conv, [512, 3, 2]], # 5-P4/16
[-1, 9, C3CBAM, [512]],
[-1, 1, Conv, [1024, 3, 2]], # 7-P5/32
[-1, 3, C3CBAM, [1024]],
[-1, 1, SPPF, [1024, 5]], # 9
]
# YOLOv5 v6.0 head
head:
[[-1, 1, Conv, [512, 1, 1]],
[-1, 1, nn.Upsample, [None, 2, 'nearest']],
[[-1, 6], 1, Concat, [1]], # cat backbone P4
[-1, 3, C3, [512, False]], # 13
[-1, 1, Conv, [256, 1, 1]],
[-1, 1, nn.Upsample, [None, 2, 'nearest']],
[[-1, 4], 1, Concat, [1]], # cat backbone P3
# add feature extration layer ########
[-1, 3, C3, [256, False]], # 17
[-1, 1, Conv, [128, 1, 1]],
[-1, 1, nn.Upsample, [None, 2, 'nearest']],
[[-1, 2], 1, Concat, [1]], # cat backbone P3
# add detect layer
[-1, 3, C3, [128, False]], # 21 (P4/4-minium)
[-1, 1, Conv, [128, 3, 2]],
[[-1, 18], 1, Concat, [1]], # cat head P3
# end
[-1, 3, C3, [256, False]], # 24 (P3/8-small)
[-1, 1, Conv, [256, 3, 2]],
[[-1, 14], 1, Concat, [1]], # cat head P4
[-1, 3, C3, [512, False]], # 27 (P4/16-medium)
[-1, 1, Conv, [512, 3, 2]],
[[-1, 10], 1, Concat, [1]], # cat head P5
[-1, 3, C3, [1024, False]], # 30 (P5/32-large)
[[21, 24, 27, 30], 1, Detect, [nc, anchors]], # Detect(P2, P3, P4, P5) 输出的层,按上面的层数从上往下数(一共31层(不含输入层和输出))
]
4、训练:按照官网给的命令进行训练即可,注意指定配置文件。
上述三个配置文件对于三个不同实验:
1、yolov5m_C3CBAM.yaml。增加空间与通道注意力改进yolov5
2、yolov5m_addlayer.yaml。针对密集或小目标检测,增加小目标检测头的改进。
3、yolov5m_addlayer_C3CBAM.yaml。结合两者的改进。CBAM是即插即用的二维卷积模块,其放置位置可以改变,不仅在backbone中可以使用,在head层的特征金字塔内亦可使用。
5、三种改进网络训练后的结果对比:
使用生成的result.csv文件进行对比
具体可见:YOLO训练results.csv文件可视化(原模型与改进模型对比可视化)_yolo csv文件怎么用-CSDN博客