定义 7.4
扩充平面上有顺序的四个相异点 z 1 , z 2 , z 3 , z 4 z_{1}, z_{2}, z_{3}, z_{4} z1,z2,z3,z4构成下面的量, 称为它们的交比, 记为 ( z 1 , z 2 , z 3 , z 4 ) \left(z_{1}, z_{2}, z_{3}, z_{4}\right) (z1,z2,z3,z4) :
( z 1 , z 2 , z 3 , z 4 ) = z 4 − z 1 z 4 − z 2 : z 3 − z 1 z 3 − z 2 . \left(z_{1}, z_{2}, z_{3}, z_{4}\right)=\frac{z_{4}-z_{1}}{z_{4}-z_{2}}: \frac{z_{3}-z_{1}}{z_{3}-z_{2}} . (z1,z2,z3,z4)=z4−z2z4−z1:z3−z2z3−z1.
当四点中有一点为 ∞ \infty ∞ 时, 应将包含此点的项用 1 代替. 例如 z 1 = ∞ z_{1}=\infty z1=∞ 时, 即有
( ∞ , z 2 , z 3 , z 4 ) = 1 z 4 − z 2 : 1 z 3 − z 2 , \left(\infty, z_{2}, z_{3}, z_{4}\right)=\frac{1}{z_{4}-z_{2}}: \frac{1}{z_{3}-z_{2}}, (∞,z2,z3,z4)=z4−z21:z3−