三角恒等式
1、两角和与差
cos ( α + β ) = cos α cos β − sin α sin β cos ( α − β ) = cos α cos β + sin α sin β sin ( α + β ) = sin α cos β + cos α sin β sin ( α − β ) = sin α cos β − cos α sin β tan ( α + β ) = tan α + tan β 1 − tan α tan β tan ( α − β ) = tan α − tan β 1 + tan α tan β \begin{array}{c} \cos (\alpha+\beta)=\cos \alpha \cos \beta-\sin \alpha \sin \beta \\[2ex] \cos (\alpha-\beta)=\cos \alpha \cos \beta+\sin \alpha \sin \beta \\[2ex] \sin (\alpha+\beta)=\sin \alpha \cos \beta+\cos \alpha \sin \beta \\[2ex] \sin (\alpha-\beta)=\sin \alpha \cos \beta-\cos \alpha \sin \beta \\[2ex] \tan (\alpha+\beta)=\cfrac{\tan \alpha+\tan \beta}{1-\tan \alpha \tan \beta} \\[2ex] \tan (\alpha-\beta)=\cfrac{\tan \alpha-\tan \beta}{1+\tan \alpha \tan \beta}\end{array} cos(α+β)=cosαcosβ−sinαsinβcos(α−β)=cosαcosβ+sinαsinβsin(α+β)=sinαcosβ+cosαsinβsin(α−β)=sinαcosβ−cosαsinβtan(α+β)=1−tanαtanβtanα+tanβtan(α−β)=1+tanαtanβtanα−tanβ
2、和差化积
sin α + sin β = 2 sin ( α + β 2 ) cos ( α − β 2 ) sin α − sin β = 2 sin ( α − β 2 ) cos ( α + β 2 ) cos α + cos β = 2 cos ( α + β 2 ) cos ( α − β 2 ) cos α − cos β = − 2 sin ( α + β 2 ) sin ( α − β 2 ) \begin{array}{r} \sin \alpha+\sin \beta=2 \sin \left(\cfrac{\alpha+\beta}{2}\right) \cos \left(\cfrac{\alpha-\beta}{2}\right) \\[2ex] \sin \alpha-\sin \beta=2 \sin \left(\cfrac{\alpha-\beta}{2}\right) \cos \left(\cfrac{\alpha+\beta}{2}\right) \\[2ex] \cos \alpha+\cos \beta=2 \cos \left(\cfrac{\alpha+\beta}{2}\right) \cos \left(\cfrac{\alpha-\beta}{2}\right) \\[2ex] \cos \alpha-\cos \beta=-2 \sin \left(\cfrac{\alpha+\beta}{2}\right) \sin \left(\cfrac{\alpha-\beta}{2}\right) \end{array} sinα+sinβ=2sin(2α+β)cos(2α−β)sinα−sinβ=2sin(2α−β)cos(2α+β)cosα+cosβ=2cos(2α+β)cos(2α−β)cosα−cosβ=−2sin(2α+β)sin(2α−β)
3、积化和差
cos α sin β = 1 2