对于乘法求导法则较为复杂一些. 设 y = u v y=u v y=uv, 则
y ′ = u ′ v + u v ′ , y ′ ′ = ( u ′ v + u v ′ ) ′ = u ′ ′ v + 2 u ′ v ′ + u v ′ ′ , y ′ ′ ′ = ( u ′ ′ v + 2 u ′ v ′ + u v ′ ′ ) ′ = u ′ ′ ′ v + 3 u ′ ′ v ′ + 3 u ′ v ′ ′ + u v ′ ′ ′ , \begin{array}{l} y^{\prime}=u^{\prime} v+u v^{\prime}, \\[2ex] y^{\prime \prime}=\left(u^{\prime} v+u v^{\prime}\right)^{\prime}=u^{\prime \prime} v+2 u^{\prime} v^{\prime}+u v^{\prime \prime}, \\[2ex] y^{\prime \prime \prime}=\left(u^{\prime \prime} v+2 u^{\prime} v^{\prime}+u v^{\prime \prime}\right)^{\prime}=u^{\prime \prime \prime} v+3 u^{\prime \prime} v^{\prime}+3 u^{\prime} v^{\prime \prime}+u v^{\prime \prime \prime}, \end{array} y′=u′v+uv′,y′′=(u′v+uv′)′=u′′v+2u′v′+uv′′,y′′′=(u′′v+2u′v′+uv′′)′=u′′′v+3u′′v′+3u′v′′+uv′′′,
如此下去, 读者不难看到, 计算结果与二项式 ( u + v ) n (u+v)^{n} (u+v)n 展开式极为相似,用数学归纳法,可得
( u v ) ( n ) = u ( n ) v ( 0 ) + C n 1 u ( n − 1 ) v ( 1 ) + C n 2 u ( n − 2 ) v ( 2 ) + ⋯ + C n k u ( n − k ) v ( k ) + ⋯ + u ( 0 ) v ( n ) = ∑ k = 0 n C n k u ( n − k ) v ( k ) , \begin{aligned} (u v)^{(n)}= & u^{(n)} v^{(0)}+\mathrm{C}_{n}^{1} u^{(n-1)} v^{(1)}+\mathrm{C}_{n}^{2} u^{(n-2)} v^{(2)}+\cdots+ \mathrm{C}_{n}^{k} u^{(n-k)} v^{(k)}+\cdots+u^{(0)} v^{(n)}=\sum_{k=0}^{n} \mathrm{C}_{n}^{k} u^{(n-k)} v^{(k)}, \end{aligned} (uv)(n)=u(n)v(0)+Cn1u(n−1)v(1)+Cn2u(n−2)v(2)+⋯+Cnku(n−k)v(k)+⋯+u(0)v(n)=k=0∑nCnku(n−k)v(k),
其中 u ( 0 ) = u , v ( 0 ) = v u^{(0)}=u, v^{(0)}=v u(
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