sudo rosdep init 和 rosdep update错误的终极解决方法

1.前言

首先介绍一下这两个命令的目的：
sudo rosdep init的目的是为了在/etc目录下新建/ros/rosdep/sources.list.d/20-default.list文件。
rosdep update 的目的是在/etc/ros/rosdep/source.list.d下放5个文件，分别是base.yaml,gentoo.yaml,osx-homebrew.yaml,python.yaml,ruby.yaml.

2.前期准备（选择镜像源）

系统设置–》软件和更新–》Ubuntu软件全部勾选上–》下载自–》其他站点–》选择最佳服务器

修改完软件源后，更新软件列表和软件（ 附其他换源方法）

sudo apt update
sudo apt upgrade

3. 解决 sudo rosdep init 问题

1. 常见报错信息：

ERROR: cannot download default sources list from:
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ros/rosdistro/master/rosdep/sources.list.d/20-default.list
Website may be down.

2. 原因: 由于raw.githubusercontent.com被墙，程序无法下载相应的文件。解决方法就是使raw.githubusercontent.com能够被正常访问。这个网站被墙的方式是dns污染，所以我们只要能够找到这个网站的正确ip就可以了 参考这个了。

3. 解决方法
   方法1：修改hosts文件（重装一次系统后这个方法不太适用了，不建议该方法）

sudo gedit /etc/hosts

把下面这些地址拷贝到hosts文件末尾，然后保存。

192.30.253.118 gist.github.com
185.199.110.153 github.io
151.101.113.194 github.global.ssl.fastly.net
52.216.227.168 github-cloud.s3.amazonaws.com
52.74.223.119 github.com
199.232.28.133 avatars1.githubusercontent.com
199.232.28.133 avatars2.githubusercontent.com
199.232.28.133 avatars0.githubusercontent.com
199.232.28.133 avatars3.githubusercontent.com
199.232.28.133 raw.githubusercontent.com
199.232.28.133 user-images.githubusercontent.com
199.232.28.133 avatars.githubusercontent.com
199.232.28.133 github.map.fastly.net
199.232.28.133 avatars7.githubusercontent.com
54.239.31.69 aws.amazon.com
54.239.30.25 console.aws.amazon.com
54.239.96.90 ap-northeast-1.console.aws.amazon.com
54.240.226.81 ap-southeast-1.console.aws.amazon.com
54.240.193.125 ap-southeast-2.console.aws.amazon.com
54.239.54.102 eu-central-1.console.aws.amazon.com
177.72.244.194 sa-east-1.console.aws.amazon.com
176.32.114.59 eu-west-1.console.aws.amazon.com
54.239.31.128 us-west-1.console.aws.amazon.com
54.240.254.230 us-west-2.console.aws.amazon.com
54.239.38.102 s3-console-us-standard.console.aws.amazon.com
54.231.49.3 s3.amazonaws.com
52.219.0.4 s3-ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com
54.231.242.170 s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com
54.231.251.21 s3-ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com
54.231.193.37 s3-eu-central-1.amazonaws.com
52.218.16.140 s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com
52.92.72.2 s3-sa-east-1.amazonaws.com
54.231.236.6 s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com
54.231.168.160 s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com
52.216.80.48 github-cloud.s3.amazonaws.com
54.231.40.3 github-com.s3.amazonaws.com
52.216.20.171 github-production-release-asset-2e65be.s3.amazonaws.com
52.216.228.168 github-production-user-asset-6210df.s3.amazonaws.com

再干一件事，执行sudo gedit /etc/resolv.conf，将原有的nameserver这一行注释，并添加以下两行：

nameserver 8.8.8.8 #google域名服务器
nameserver 8.8.4.4 #google域名服务器

再次执行sudo rosdep init，这次会报一个问题，就是文件已存在：

ERROR: default sources list file already exists: /etc/ros/rosdep/sources.list.d/20-default.list
Please delete if you wish to re-initialize

这时候直接删除这个文件sudo rm /etc/ros/rosdep/sources.list.d/20-default.list，再次执行sudo rosdep init，我至今操作过很多次，没有出现不成功的状态，如果实在不成功，试试换手机热点，多执行几次，最后输出如下信息就OK了：

wrote /etc/ros/rosdep/sources.list.d/20-default.list
Recommended: please run
rosdep update

方法2：手动创建相关文件
此解决方案的原理是基于手动完成sudo rosdep init的步骤，然后再通过rosdep update完成整个方案的实施。
步骤一：首先打开一个终端，执行以下指令创建root并切换至root用户

sudo passwd    //接着提示输入UNIX密码，输入你的用户密码即可
sudo su //或者su root 然后输入密码切换至root用户
sudo mkdir -p /etc/ros/rosdep/sources.list.d
cd /etc/ros/rosdep/sources.list.d
sudo gedit 20-default.list

步骤二：将以下内容复制进20-default.list文件中

# os-specific listings first
yaml https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ros/rosdistro/master/rosdep/osx-homebrew.yaml osx
 
# generic
yaml https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ros/rosdistro/master/rosdep/base.yaml
yaml https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ros/rosdistro/master/rosdep/python.yaml
yaml https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ros/rosdistro/master/rosdep/ruby.yaml
gbpdistro https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ros/rosdistro/master/releases/fuerte.yaml fuerte
 
# newer distributions (Groovy, Hydro, ...) must not be listed anymore, they are being fetched from the rosdistro index.yaml instead

步骤三：执行以下指令

exit //退出root用户
rosdep update

4. 解决 rosdep update 问题

1. 常见报错信息就是各种The read operation timed out.。
2. 解决，直接从对应网址保存所有需要的文件到/etc/ros/rosdep：下载链接。其中source.list.d文件是已经新建的，直接把其他文件下载然后放到对应的目录下就行。
   
3. 再次执行rosdep update命令，出现下面的结果，相信这次你没有苦苦等待：
4. 个人感觉就是网络问题，可以学着科学上网解决，懂得都懂。