sudo mkdir ~/test
sudo touch !$/test.txt
1. basename
1.1 去掉路径
$ basename ~/test/test.txt
test.txt
1.2 去掉扩展名
basename ~/test/test.txt .txt
test
2. dirname
2.1 获取路径
$ dirname ~/test/test.txt
/home/zhang/test
sudo mkdir ~/test
sudo touch !$/test.txt
$ basename ~/test/test.txt
test.txt
basename ~/test/test.txt .txt
test
$ dirname ~/test/test.txt
/home/zhang/test