(1+x)⋅(1−x)=(1+x)−(1+x)x=1+(x−x)−x2=1−x2
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(1+x+x2)⋅(1−x)=(1+x+x2)⋅1−(1+x+x2)⋅x=1+(x+x2)−(1+x)x−x3=1+(x+x2)−(x+x2)−x3=1−x3
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(1+x+x2+⋯+xn)(1−x)=(1+x+x2+⋯+xn)−(1+x+x2+⋯+xn)x=1+(x+x2+⋯+xn)−(1+x+⋯+xn−1)x−xn+1=1−xn+1
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两边同时除以 1−x
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1+x+⋯+xn=1−xn+11−x
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1. 等比数列前 n 项和
根据上面的结论:1−xn
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可以展开为 1−xn=(1+x+⋯+xn−1)(1−x)
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1−xn+1(1−x)(1+x+x2+⋯+xn)1+x+⋯+xn=1−xn+1=1−xn+1=1−xn+11−x
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1. 等比数列前 n 项和1+x+x2+⋯+2n=1−xn+11−x1+x+x2+⋯+2n=1−xn+11−x1+x+x^2+\cdots+2^n=\frac{1-x^{n+1}}{1-x}证明过程如下:1−xn+1=1−xn+1(1−x)=1−xn+1=1−xn+1(1−x)=1-x^{n+1}=1-x^{n+1}\\(1-x)=...