hello大家好,今天学习这篇汉译英看看你见过没有,又有哪些值得注意的点。一起来学习。
let's go!
预计到2020年,全国60岁以上老年人口将增加到2.55亿人左右,占总人口比重17.8%;高龄老年人将增加到2900万人左右,独居老人”将增加到1.18亿人左右。另一方面,涉老法规政策的系统性、协调性、针对性、可操作性有待增强。城乡老龄事业发展和养老体系建设不均衡,养老服务有效供给不足,质量效益不高,人才队伍短缺。
我们的目标是,到2020年,老龄事业发展整体水平明显提升,养老体系更加健全完善。我们要加强社会保险、社会福利、社会救助和公益慈善事业,切实保障老年人的基本生活、医疗、照护等需求。我们要大幅提高养老服务供给能力,明显改善养老服务的质量,提高老龄事业发展和养老体系建设的法治化、信息化、标准化、规范化程度;提供更多内容丰富、质量优良的养老服务和产品。
我们要有效保障老年人的合法权益,持续改善老年人参与社会发展的条件。但是目前,中国老龄产业的发展主要存在两大问题:其一是中国老龄产业总体上存在产能不足的现象;其二,老龄产业的结构性失衡问题可能比数量不足问题更为严重。
第一句
预计到2020年,全国60岁以上老年人口将增加到2.55亿人左右,占总人口比重17.8%;高龄老年人将增加到2900万人左右,独居老人”将增加到1.18亿人左右。
By the year 2020, the elderly over sixty will increase by around 255 million predictably, accounting for 17.8 percent. The number of the elderly with high age will increase by around 29 million, and the elder living without children will increase by around 118 million.
By 2020, the population of people aged 60 or above is expected to reach about 255 million in China, accounting for 17.8 percent of the country's total population; people even more advanced in age will reach about 29 million; and older persons living alone will reach about 118 million.
1、2020年 直接写成2020不用冗余翻译成the year 2020。
2、老年人人口,the population of people ,直接翻译成the elderly跟increase主语谓语搭配不恰当。
这块需要熟记表达【60岁以上老年人口】the population of people aged 60 or above.
3、漏译 【总人口占比】要翻译出【总人口】这个概念 total population.
4、熟记【高龄老人】more advanced in age
5、从句子组织结果来讲,英语可以使用分号【;】来连接关系紧密,却又互相独立的句子。这句当中官文两个分号连接了三个完整的句子,符合英语语法规范。如果按照不好的翻译那样拆开也不是不行,就是失去了三个句子的联系性。
第二句
另一方面,涉老法规政策的系统性、协调性、针对性、可操作性有待增强。
On the other hand,policies to the elder are less systematic, coordinate, targeted and operable.
Therefore, current laws, regulations and policies concerning the elderly need to be made more systematic, coordinated relevant and operational.
1、法律法规政策= 法律+法规+政策 == laws, regulations and policies
2、系统性:systematic; 协调性的 coordinated;可操作性:operational
词汇辨析:
operable 表示动作的可行性。
The patient's tumor is operable, and the surgeons are preparing for the operation.
病人的肿瘤是可切除的,外科医生们正在准备手术。
operational 表示事物在实际使用或操作中的状态或能力。
The new software system is now operational, and all employees have been trained to use it.
新的软件系统现在已经投入运行,所有员工都接受了使用它的培训。
3、policies to the elder 语法错误。【涉老法规政策】表示关于老人的法规政策,需要用介词for代替to policies for the elderly。
第三句
城乡老龄事业发展和养老体系建设不均衡,养老服务有效供给不足,质量效益不高,人才队伍短缺。
There are unbalanced for the development of the elder program and construction of the elder system. The effective support of the elder are less effective, with low quatity efficiency and short of talent teams.
The development of the elderty service industry and the elder care system is uneven in urban and rural areas. Supply of effective and high-quality services for the elderly is inadequate, and there is a shortage of professionals working in elder care facilities.
1、养老事业== the elderly service industry;
2、在官文当中【养老体系建设】简化成为了养老体系;这样动词跟前半句合并,都是发展。这样的简化非常值得借鉴。中文当中很多动词较为冗余,我们需要学习识别,并适当取舍,合并。
3、漏译【城乡】in urban and rural areas
4、官文【人才队伍短缺】转化成为【缺少工作在养老服务机构的专业人员】。
there is a shortage of professionals working in elder care facilities.
work in表示在某个领域工作。
elder care facilities 指专门为老年人提供照顾和护理服务的机构或设施。
Many families are looking for suitable elder care facilities for their aging parents.
许多家庭正在为年迈的父母寻找合适的老年护理设施。
5、养老服务有效供给不足,质量效益不高 这句官文也做了处理。直接翻译较为冗余,转化成为【有效和高质量的养老服务供给不足】,合并了两个半句,表达也清晰,顺畅。
第四句
我们的目标是,到2020年,老龄事业发展整体水平明显提升,养老体系更加健全完善。
Our goal is that by the year 2020, the overall level of programs for the elder will be improved prominently, and the elderly system will be more sound.
Our objective is that, by 2020, the elderly service industry will have grown to a much higher level and that the elder care system will be further improved.
1、目标是goal还是objective?
词汇辨析
goal 作为长远且最终的目标,需要付出持续的努力和时间来实现
My ultimate goal is to become a published author, and I'm working hard every day to make that dream a reality.
我的最终目标是成为一名出版作家,我每天都在努力使这个梦想成真。
objective 作为短期、具体且可衡量的目标,它关注的是在某个特定时间段内实现的具体业绩或成果。
One of our main objectives for this quarter is to increase sales by 10% by implementing new marketing strategies.
我们这个季度的主要目标之一是通过实施新的营销策略,将销售额提高10%。
所以你知道用什么了不?
2、找到跟名词搭配的动词需要平时积累。 grow to some level 表达水平提升用动词grow。
3、养老体系:the elder care system
第五句:
我们要加强社会保险、社会福利、社会救助和公益慈善事业,切实保障老年人的基本生活、医疗、照护等需求。
We will make more effort to social security, social welfare, social assistances and public charities to ensure the elder's basic needs for basic lives, medical treatments and nurses.
1、语法错误:make more effort-->make more efforts、make greate efforts
2、 social assistances-->social assistance 社会救助当中的assistance 是不可数名词
3、 基本日常需求为daily living.
Efforts should be made to strengthen social insurance, social welfare, social assistance and relief, and charity to meet the basic needs of the elderly for daily necessities, medical care and nursing support.
官文直接转换了主语, 居然变简洁了。这也提醒我们不要总是做加法,适当做减法未尝不可,只要符合【意思不变】这个原则。
识忆 老人的基本生活需求 basic needs of the elderly for daily necessities
照护==照顾+护理。汉语当中总是用一个词儿表达两个含义,需要特别注意。对应到英文就是【提供护理方面的帮助、指出】==nursing support
第六句
我们要大幅提高养老服务供给能力,明显改善养老服务的质量,提高老龄事业发展和养老体系建设的法治化、信息化、标准化、规范化程度;提供更多内容丰富、质量优良的养老服务和产品。
We will largely improve supplies for the elderly, and greatly upgrade service quality for the elder. We will promote the development of the elder program and make the system construction more legal, informationized, standard and normalized. We will provide more services and products with more sufficient contents and good quality.
We will significantly enhance our capacity for providing elder care services and improve the quality of such services. We will improve legislation, IT application, standards setting and regulations to facilitate the development of the elderly service industry and the elder care system.We will provide a wider range of quality services and products for senior citizens.
1、【大幅度】应该用 largely? greatly? 还是significantly?
- “largely”通常用于描述某事物在整体中的主导地位或重要程度。
- “greatly”则更多用于表达情感、影响或变化等方面的大幅度增强或减弱。
- “significantly”则强调事物在质量、意义或重要性上的重大变化或影响,常用于科学研究或统计分析等场合。
所以本句当中使用largely就不恰当,使用greatly、significantly都较为合适。
2、这句包括了分号、顿号,逗号。所以整句的表达内容较多。官文采用了两个小句为一句,将原文结构进行了拆分。拆分之后用汉语表达更加容易,从而能做到【表达顺畅】的目的。
3、这句当中【,明显改善养老服务的质量】 非常值得细品。首先【明显】被干掉了。这符合简明英语的原则,因为【明显】和【改善】意思有重叠,可以省略不必要的修饰词。另外前一句已经说了【养老服务】,在此处再次表达【养老服务】就可以直接采用省略翻译的手法。
如果你也在想什么是翻译技巧,你不妨看看这句对这下半句的处理,技巧满满。
4、另外这句官文在化解【死译】方面也值得我们学习。首先就是..化,...化,并没有照搬照抄。而是用用【化】字前面的名词直接表达。
法治化->法治:legislation;
信息化->信息技术应用: IT application
标准化->标准设置:standards setting
规范化-》规范:regulations
【提高老龄事业发展和养老体系建设的法治化、信息化、标准化、规范化程度】转化成为了【提高法治、信息、标准和规范以便推动老龄事业和养老体系的发展】
原句是动词+形容词+许多名词
转化后为动词+名词+动词不定式表目的。
这样的转化让汉语表达成英语更加的简单,你要不要试一试?
另外“facilitate”表示“促进、使便利。这样的表达值得记住:facilitate sth 促进某事、让某事更加便利。
5【提供更多内容丰富、质量优良的养老服务和产品】官文也有改写的情况【提供更加广泛的质量有了的服务和产品为老人】provide a wider range of quality services and products for senior citizens.
第七句:
我们要有效保障老年人的合法权益,持续改善老年人参与社会发展的条件。
We will effectively guarantee legal interest for the elder, and continue to improve conditions for them to participate in social development.
We will effectively safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of the
elderly, and continue to create better conditions for them to participate in social development.
1、权益==权利和利益:rights and interests
2、为...创造条件:create conditions for sth.
第八句:
但是目前,中国老龄产业的发展主要存在两大问题:其一是中国老龄产业总体上存在产能不足的现象;其二,老龄产业的结构性失衡问题可能比数量不足问题更为严重。
But, there are still two major problems that hinder the elder's program development right now. Firstly, there are no sufficient capacity for industries for the elderly industry. Secondly, it is more serious for the unbalance of industry structure than insufficient quantity.
However, at present, two major problems are hampering the development of China's elderly
service industry. First, there is a shortage in China's elderly service industry in general. Second, the structural imbalances in the industry are perhaps more serious than the problem of shortage.
1、【产能不足】官文直接翻译成为了【短缺】。这可能是因为产品不足就意味着短缺。
2、【其一是中国老龄产业总体上存在产能不足的现象;】,这句官文也做了很多“技巧”性的处理。
首先是改写【其一是中国老龄产业总体上存在短缺】,
将【现象】这种抽象名词去掉。
存在使用上了there be句型。 there is +【短缺在中国老龄产业】。
3、imbalance,unbalance 傻傻分不清楚?
名词解析:
unbalance 常用于描述物理上的失去平衡。
imbalance 则更多地用于描述系统、经济、健康等方面的长期不平衡状态。
- 例句:The diet caused an imbalance in her nutrients.(饮食导致了她营养的不平衡。)
- 解释:这里用“imbalance”描述营养摄入的不均衡状态。
- 例句:The heavy box unbalanced the table.(沉重的箱子使桌子失去了平衡。)
- 解释:这里用“unbalance”描述桌子因为外力作用而失去平衡的动作。
可以这样理解,unbalance是一个物体实实在在的失去了平衡;imbalance表示一种抽象物体失去了平衡。 【老龄产业的结构性失衡】很显然说的是一种抽象失衡,imbalances.
3、产业的结构性失衡问题
the structural imbalances in the industry √
the unbalance of industry structure ×
好了,就到这里。我觉得今天学习最大的收获就是在不好翻译的语句形式当中,我们可以通过适当改写,化繁为简,将其改为好翻译的形式,你觉得呢?
祝你快乐!886~