Unity3D游戏开发之“预加载场景，瞬间过图”

转自：http://www.manew.com/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=98520&page=1#pid1275560

为什么需要预加载场景？

一般我们的过图的时候很少考虑到预加载场景，所以我们在过图的时候经常会显示加载进度条等待场景加载完成，那么加载一些很大的场景的话就会让玩家等待很久的时间。但是在某一些项目有瞬间过图的需求的时候，那么我们就需要预加载场景了。

场景过图包括2种方式。1、unity内置过图场景  2、AB资源场景过图
1、unity内置场景预加载
像我们做mmo的时候内置场景是很少的，只有初始化场景、登录场景等一些很简单的场景，其他的场景全部是AB资源场景方式。
在内置场景做预加载的时候我们必须使用Application.LoadLevelAsync(levelName)异步加载场景的方式，在把返回的AsyncOperation对象存起来并把allowSceneActivation设置为false

当你需要切换场景的时候再把allowSceneActivation设置成true就成功进行了场景切换。

示例代码

//unity内置的场景加载 public class UnityBuiltSceneLoadAsync : SceneLoadAsync {      private AsyncOperation sceneAsync = null ;        public UnityBuiltSceneLoadAsync( string scene_name, bool allowSceneActivation, Action< float > progressCallBack, Action loadCompleted) {          this .sceneName = scene_name;          this .progressCallBack = progressCallBack;          this .loadCompleted = loadCompleted;          this .allowSceneActivation = allowSceneActivation;            string assetPath = string .Format( "res/scenes/{0}.scene" , scene_name);          Coroutine coroutine = Global.coroutine.Execute(LoadLevelBundle(scene_name, assetPath));      }        protected override IEnumerator LoadLevelBundle( string levelName, string assetPath) {          Global.coroutine.Execute( base .LoadLevelBundle(levelName, assetPath));          sceneAsync = Application.LoadLevelAsync(levelName);          sceneAsync.allowSceneActivation = allowSceneActivation;          float progress = 0;          while (!sceneAsync.isDone) {              progress = sceneAsync.progress;              if (progress >= 0.9f) {                  progress = 1;                  assetProgresCallBacks[assetPath](assetPath, progress);                    if ( this .loadCompleted != null )                      this .loadCompleted();                  this .isDone = true ;                  LOG.Log( "[UnityBuiltSceneLoadAsync-LoadLevelBundle] sceneAsync load isDone" );                  allowSceneActivation = true ;                  yield break ;              }              yield return null ;          }      }        public override void Unload( bool unloadAllLoadedObjects) {          base .Unload(unloadAllLoadedObjects);            sceneAsync = null ;      }        public override bool allowSceneActivation {          get {              return base .allowSceneActivation;          }          set {              base .allowSceneActivation = value;              LOG.Log( "[UnityBuiltSceneLoadAsync-allowSceneActivation] allowSceneActivation=" + value);              if (sceneAsync != null ) {                  sceneAsync.allowSceneActivation = value;                  if (value) {                      if (onSceneActiveBegin != null )                          onSceneActiveBegin(sceneName);                      LOG.Log( "[ActiveScene] " + sceneName);                  }              }          }      }        protected override void OnLoadSceneProgress( string assetPath, float progress) {          if ( this .progressCallBack != null )              this .progressCallBack(progress);      } }

2、AB资源场景预加载
AB资源场景顾名思义就是把场景打包成AB资源然后通过加载AB资源来达到加载场景的目的。
首先需要把场景打包成AB资源，然后在切换场景的时候先加载场景AB资源再通过Application.LoadLevel(sceneName)接口来切换我们的场景。
在做预加载的时候我们需要缓存加载好的场景AB资源，在切换场景的时候再调用Application.LoadLevel(sceneName)，这样就会瞬间切换。
特别注意： 这里有一个大坑就是，在这种方式的时候我们只能保存场景AB资源，切换的时候再调用Application.LoadLevel(sceneName)接口。不能加载AB资源后保存调用Application.LoadLevelAsync(levelName)返回的异步接口并设置allowSceneActivation为false，等切换的时候在设置allowSceneActivation为true。在unity4.7这种方式会导致我们的工程的所有协程停止运行，不知道是unity的bug还是什么， unity5 .X的没有试过，不知道有没有这种情况。
为了优化更多的内存占用，我们需要在加载完AB场景后需要把AB资源的内存镜像给删除掉调用assetBundle.Unload(false);

示例代码：

//ab资源的场景加载 public class AssetBundleSceneLoadAsync : SceneLoadAsync {      public class SceneAssetData {          private UnityEngine.Object mainAsset_ = null ;          private AssetBundle assetBundle_ = null ;            public string sceneName { get ; set ; }          public string assetName { get ; set ; }          public Coroutine assetCoroutine { get ; set ; }          public AssetBundle assetBundle {              get { return assetBundle_; }              set {                  if (value != null ) {                      assetBundle_ = value;                        mainAsset_ = assetBundle.Load(sceneName, typeof (GameObject));                      if (mainAsset_ != null ) {                          if ((mainAsset_ as GameObject) == null ) {                              LOG.LogError( string .Format( "场景加载出错,加载的AB资源{0}中资源{1}[{2}]的类型错误，请美术检查相应AB资源"                                  , assetName, sceneName, mainAsset_.GetType().Name));                          }                      }                      else if (!assetName.EndsWith( ".scene" ))                          LOG.LogError( string .Format( "场景加载出错,加载的AB资源{0}中无{1}资源，请美术检查相应AB资源"                              , assetName, sceneName));                  }              }          }          public UnityEngine.Object mainAsset {              get {                  return mainAsset_;              }          }            public SceneAssetData( string sceneName, string assetName, Coroutine assetCoroutine, AssetBundle assetBundle) {              this .sceneName = sceneName;              this .assetName = assetName;              this .assetCoroutine = assetCoroutine;              this .assetBundle = assetBundle;          }            public void Unload( bool unloadAllLoadedObjects) {              if (assetCoroutine != null ) {                  Global.coroutine.Stop(assetCoroutine);                  assetCoroutine = null ;              }              if (assetBundle != null )                  assetBundle.Unload(unloadAllLoadedObjects);                //unloadAllLoadedObjects=false表示的是过完场景后对场景AB资源进行卸载              //unloadAllLoadedObjects=true表示对整个场景的预加载的卸载              if (!unloadAllLoadedObjects && mainAsset != null                  && mainAsset is GameObject && !assetName.EndsWith( ".scene" )) {                  GameObject obj = UnityEngine.Object.Instantiate(mainAsset) as GameObject;                  CombineAssetStatic(obj.transform);              }          }            private void CombineAssetStatic(Transform root) {              for ( int i = 0; i < root.childCount; i++) {                  if (root.GetChild(i).name == "static" ) {                      StaticBatchingUtility.Combine(root.GetChild(i).gameObject);                  }              }          }      }      private Map< string , SceneAssetData> sceneAssets = new Map< string , SceneAssetData>();      private Map< string , float > assetsProgressMap = new Map< string , float >();        public AssetBundleSceneLoadAsync( int scene_id, bool allowSceneActivation, Action< float > progressCallBack, Action loadCompleted) {          MapReference mapref = Global.map_mgr.GetReference(scene_id);          this .sceneName = mapref.FileName;          this .progressCallBack = progressCallBack;          this .loadCompleted = loadCompleted;          this .allowSceneActivation = allowSceneActivation;            string assetPath = string .Format( "res/scenes/{0}.scene" , sceneName);          Coroutine coroutine = Global.coroutine.Execute(LoadLevelBundle(sceneName, assetPath));          sceneAssets.Add(assetPath, new SceneAssetData(sceneName,assetPath, coroutine, null ));            if (! string .IsNullOrEmpty(mapref.ResPath)) {              assetPath = string .Format( "res/scenes/{0}.go" , mapref.ResPath);              coroutine = Global.coroutine.Execute(LoadLevelBundle(sceneName, assetPath));              sceneAssets.Add(assetPath, new SceneAssetData(sceneName, assetPath, coroutine, null ));          }      }        protected override IEnumerator LoadLevelBundle( string levelName, string assetPath) {          Global.coroutine.Execute( base .LoadLevelBundle(levelName, assetPath));          WWW loadSceneWWW = new WWW(CDirectory.MakeFullPath(assetPath));          while (!loadSceneWWW.isDone) {              assetProgresCallBacks[assetPath](assetPath, loadSceneWWW.progress);              yield return null ;          }          assetProgresCallBacks[assetPath](assetPath, 1.0f);          yield return loadSceneWWW;          if (loadSceneWWW.error != null ) {              LOG.LogError( "WWW download:" + loadSceneWWW.error + "  path :  " + loadSceneWWW.url);              yield break ;          }          if (loadSceneWWW.isDone) {              sceneAssets[assetPath].assetBundle = loadSceneWWW.assetBundle;              loadSceneWWW.Dispose();              if (isSceneLoadCompleted()) {                  if (loadCompleted != null )                      loadCompleted();                  isDone = true ;                  allowSceneActivation = sceneActive;              }          }      }        private bool isSceneLoadCompleted() {          int complateCount = 0;          for (sceneAssets.Begin(); sceneAssets.Next(); ) {              if (sceneAssets.Value.assetBundle != null )                  complateCount++;          }            return complateCount == sceneAssets.Count && complateCount != 0;      }        public override void Unload( bool unloadAllLoadedObjects) {          base .Unload(unloadAllLoadedObjects);            for (sceneAssets.Begin(); sceneAssets.Next(); ) {              sceneAssets.Value.Unload(unloadAllLoadedObjects);          }          sceneAssets.Clear();          assetsProgressMap.Clear();      }        public override bool allowSceneActivation {          get {              return base .allowSceneActivation;          }          set {              base .allowSceneActivation = value;                if (value && isSceneLoadCompleted()) {                  if (onSceneActiveBegin != null )                      onSceneActiveBegin(sceneName);                  Application.LoadLevel(sceneName);                  LOG.Log( "[ActiveScene] " + sceneName);              }          }      }        protected override void OnLoadSceneProgress( string assetPath, float progress) {          if (assetsProgressMap.ContainsKey(assetPath))              assetsProgressMap[assetPath] = progress;          else              assetsProgressMap.Add(assetPath, progress);            float tempProgress = 0f;          for (assetsProgressMap.Begin(); assetsProgressMap.Next(); ) {              tempProgress += assetsProgressMap.Value;          }            if ( this .progressCallBack != null ) {              this .progressCallBack(tempProgress / assetsProgressMap.Count);          }      } }