QT学习、项目记录(持续更新)

1、常用的国内镜像网站

以下是一些常用的QT国内镜像网站：

1. **中国科学技术大学**：http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/qtproject/

2. **清华大学**：https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/qt/

3. **北京理工大学**：http://mirror.bit.edu.cn/qtproject/

4. **中国互联网络信息中心**：https://mirrors.cnnic.cn/qt/

5. **南京大学**：https://mirror.nju.edu.cn/qt/

6. **腾讯**：https://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/qt/

7. **阿里云**：https://mirrors.aliyun.com/qt/

2、模拟创建一个汽车仪表盘项目(cardisp.h)

3、cardisp.h

#ifndef CARDISP_H
#define CARDISP_H
#include <QWidget>
#include <QApplication>
#include <QTimer>
#include <QPainter>
#include <QElapsedTimer>
#include <QContextMenuEvent>
#include <QLineEdit>
#include <QPaintEvent>
#include <QMouseEvent>
#include <QMenu>
#include <QInputDialog>
#include <QRect>
#include <QtMath>
#include <QKeyEvent>
#include <QDebug>

class CarDisp : public QWidget
 {
   Q_OBJECT

  public:
    CarDisp(QWidget*parent=nullptr);
    ~CarDisp();
    void setvalues(qreal ivalues);//当前速度值;
    void paintEvent(QPaintEvent *event) override;//绘制
    void setTitel(const QString& title);

  private:
    qreal values=0;
    const static int radius;//静态的半径常数;
    const static int maxv;//最大;
    const static int minv;//最小;

    QString m_title="SUBARU BRZ";
    QLineEdit *titleEditor =nullptr;//添加标题编辑器
    bool  titleEditing = false;//标记是否正在编辑
    void startTitleEditing();
    QRect titleRect;//保存标题框位置

    private  slots://模拟车速变化，定时器实现
    void updateSpeed();

  private:
    bool isThrottlePressed = false;//用于计算长按时间
    QTimer *timer;
    QElapsedTimer throttleTimer;//
    qreal currentSpeed = 0.0;//当前速度
    qreal acceleration = 2.0;
    qreal deceleration = 1.0;

  protected:
    void mousePressEvent(QMouseEvent *event) override;
    void mouseReleaseEvent(QMouseEvent *event)override;//鼠标释放事件
    void contextMenuEvent(QContextMenuEvent *event) override;
    void keyPressEvent(QKeyEvent *event) override;
};

#endif //

4、cardisp.cpp

#include "cardisp.h"

const int CarDisp:: radius=150;//命名空间 CarDisp在前面
const int CarDisp:: maxv=200;//最大
const int CarDisp:: minv=0;//最小





void CarDisp::setTitel(const QString &title)
{
  m_title=title;
  update();//触发重绘制
}


CarDisp::~CarDisp(){}
void CarDisp::setvalues(qreal ivalues)
{
    values=ivalues;//调用此函数时，将ivalues的值赋值给values
    update();


}

void CarDisp::keyPressEvent(QKeyEvent *event)
{
    if(titleEditing && event->key()==Qt::Key_Escape)
    {
        titleEditor->hide();
        titleEditing =false;
        update();
    }
    else if(titleEditing && event->key()==Qt::Key_Return)
    {
        //回车键确认编辑
        titleEditor->clearFocus();
    }
    else
    {
       QWidget::keyPressEvent(event);//其它按键交给父类处理
    }

}

//仪表盘半径最大最小值
void CarDisp::paintEvent(QPaintEvent *)
{
    QPainter painter( this);
    painter.setRenderHint(QPainter::Antialiasing);//设置抗锯齿
    QPoint center(width()/2,height()/2);//对准窗口中间;
    painter.save();
    painter.translate(center);//绘制背景圆形
    painter.setPen(Qt::NoPen);
    painter.setBrush(QColor(70,94,150));//设置背景颜色;
    const int bkRadius = radius+3;//比背景半径略大
    painter.drawEllipse( QPoint(),bkRadius,bkRadius);
    //刻度
    painter.rotate(-135);
    const int longstep=10;
    const int shortstep=50;


    for(int i=0; i<=shortstep;i++)
    {
        painter.setPen((i<shortstep*0.8)? QColor(32,243,32):QColor(243,32,32)); //满足条件为绿色否则为红色
        if(i%(shortstep/longstep)!=0)
        {
           QPoint p1(0,-(radius-8));
           QPoint p2(0,-radius);
           painter.drawLine(p1,p2);
        }
        else
        {
            QPoint p1(0,-(radius-14));
            QPoint p2(0,-radius);
            painter.drawLine(p1,p2);
        }
        painter.rotate(270.0/shortstep);
    }
    //绘制表盘名称和背景矩形
    painter.restore();
    QFontMetrics fm=painter.fontMetrics();
    int  tx=center.x();
    int ty=int(center.y()+(radius/1.412));
    QString title=m_title;//使用m_title自定义标题
    QSize tsz=fm.size(0,title);
    QRect trect(QPoint(tx-tsz.width()/2,ty-tsz.height()/2),tsz);


if(!titleEditing){



}








    painter.drawText(trect,title);//绘制每个长刻度对应的文字
    painter.setPen(QColor(243,243,243));
    const int hand=radius-21;//表盘中心
    for(int i=0; i<=longstep;i++)
    {
        qreal angle = qDegreesToRadians(-135.0+i*(270.0/longstep));
        QString etext = QString::number(minv+i*(maxv-minv)/longstep);
        QPointF dirvec(qSin(angle),-qCos(angle));
        QPointF ecenter(center.x()+hand*dirvec.x(),center.y()+hand*dirvec.y());
        QSize esz =fm.size(0,etext);
        QRectF erect(QPointF(ecenter.x()-esz.width()/2,ecenter.y()-esz.height()/2),esz);
        painter.drawText(erect,etext);

    }

    //绘制速度数字显示
    QRect lcdRect(center.x()-50,center.y()+30,100,40);//矩形区域
    painter.setPen(Qt::NoPen);
    painter.setBrush(QColor(0,0,0));//黑色背景
    painter.drawRect(lcdRect);
    painter.setPen(QColor(255,255,0));//黄色文字
    painter.setFont(QFont("Arial",16,QFont::Bold));
    painter.drawText(lcdRect,Qt::AlignHCenter,QString::number(values));

    //绘制仪表盘
    painter.save();
    QPoint triangle[]={
        {-5,0},
        {0,25-radius},
        {3,0}
    };
    qreal degree =-135.0+270*(values-minv)/(maxv-minv);
    painter.translate(center);
    painter.rotate(degree);
    painter.setPen(Qt::NoPen);
    painter.setBrush(Qt::red);
    painter.drawPolygon(triangle,3);
    painter.setPen(QPen(QColor(117,0,0),2));//指针颜色
    painter.drawEllipse(QPoint(),7,7);
    painter.restore();

    //绘制3D红色油门按钮
    QPoint buttonCenter(width()-100,height()-150);
    int buttonRadius=40;

    //根据是否按下调整颜色
    QColor baseColor = isThrottlePressed? QColor(150,0,0):QColor(255,50,50);
    QRadialGradient gradient(buttonCenter,buttonRadius);
    gradient.setColorAt(0,baseColor.lighter(120));
    gradient.setColorAt(0,baseColor.darker(120));
    painter.setPen(QPen(QColor(100,0,0),2));
    painter.setBrush(gradient);
    painter.drawEllipse(buttonCenter,buttonRadius,buttonRadius);

    //高光效果
    painter.setPen(Qt::NoPen);
    painter.setBrush(QColor(255,255,255,100));
    painter.drawEllipse(buttonCenter,buttonRadius-5,buttonRadius-5);

    //按钮文字
    painter.setPen(Qt::white);
    painter.setFont(QFont("Arial",12,QFont::Bold));
    painter.drawText(QRect(buttonCenter.x()-30,buttonCenter.y()-10,60,20),Qt::AlignCenter,"油门");

    qDebug()<<"Painting button at:"<< buttonCenter
           <<"Widget size:"<<size();
}

   void CarDisp::startTitleEditing()
    {
        titleEditing =true;
        titleEditor->setText(m_title);
        titleEditor->setGeometry(titleRect);
        titleEditor->show();
        titleEditor->setFocus();
        update();
    }


   CarDisp::CarDisp(QWidget *parent):QWidget(parent)
    {
        values=0;
        timer = new QTimer(this);
        connect(timer,&QTimer::timeout,this,&CarDisp::updateSpeed);

      //创建标题编辑(初始隐藏)
        titleEditor=new QLineEdit(this);
        titleEditor->hide();
        titleEditor->setAlignment(Qt::AlignCenter);
        titleEditor->setStyleSheet("QLineEdit{background:#ADA3A3; color:#F3F3F3;}");
        titleEditor->setFont(QFont("Arial",12));

        connect(titleEditor,&QLineEdit::editingFinished,this,[this]()
        {
            m_title=titleEditor->text();
            titleEditor->hide();
            titleEditing=false;
            update();
        });

    }

void CarDisp::contextMenuEvent(QContextMenuEvent *event)
{
    QMenu menu(this);
    QAction*renameAction = menu.addAction("修改表盘名称");

    if(menu.exec(event->globalPos())==renameAction){
        bool ok;
        QString newTitle = QInputDialog::getText(
                this,
                "修改表盘名称",
                "请输入新的表盘名称:",
                QLineEdit::Normal,
                m_title,
                    &ok
                    );

        if (ok && !newTitle.isEmpty())
        {
            setTitel(newTitle);
        }
    }

}

void CarDisp::mousePressEvent(QMouseEvent *event){
    //调试输出
    qDebug()<<"点击检测-屏幕坐标："<<event->pos()
            <<"标题区域:"<<titleRect
            <<"是否命中:"<<titleRect.contains(event->pos());
    if(event->button()==Qt::LeftButton)
    {
       isThrottlePressed=true;
       throttleTimer.start();//开始计时
       timer->start(16);
    }

QWidget::mousePressEvent(event);
//检测是否点击了标题框
if(titleRect.contains(event->pos()))
{
    startTitleEditing();
    return;//直接返回 不处理其它逻辑
}

QPoint buttoncenter(width()-100,height()-100);
int buttonRadius=40;

//计算点击位置与按钮中心的距离
QPoint clickPos = event->pos();
qreal distance = qSqrt(qPow(clickPos.x()-buttoncenter.x(),5)+ qPow(clickPos.y()-buttoncenter.y(),5));

if(distance<=buttonRadius && event->button()==Qt::LeftButton){ //只在按钮区域内响应
    isThrottlePressed=true;
    throttleTimer.start();
    timer->start(16);
    update();//重绘按钮状态

}

qDebug()  << "点击位置:" <<event->pos()
          << "标题区域"  <<titleRect
          << "是否命中:" <<titleRect.contains(event->pos());
QWidget::mousePressEvent(event);

}

void CarDisp::mouseReleaseEvent(QMouseEvent *event){
if(isThrottlePressed)
{
    isThrottlePressed =false;
    update();//重绘按钮状态;
}
QWidget::mouseReleaseEvent(event);

}











void CarDisp::updateSpeed(){
 if(isThrottlePressed)
 {
     //计算长按时间(秒),10s对应200km/h
     qreal  pressTimeSec = throttleTimer.elapsed()/1000.0;
     qreal  targetSpeed= qMin(pressTimeSec*20,static_cast<qreal>(maxv));//线性增长

     //从当前速度开始加速
     currentSpeed= qMin(currentSpeed+acceleration,targetSpeed);
     values=qMin(values+acceleration,currentSpeed);

     //指针平滑跟随
     values=qMin(values+2,static_cast<qreal>(currentSpeed));//缓冲效果
 }
 else
 {
     //松开油门时减速
     currentSpeed =qMax(currentSpeed-deceleration,0.0);
     values= qMax(values-deceleration,0.0);
     //完全停止后关闭定时器
 if(currentSpeed<0.1)
     {
         timer->stop();
     }
     update(); //触发重绘
 }





}

5、简单函数和控制台输出演示

6、代码部分

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;

void printMax(int nArg1=2, int nArg2=3)
{
    cout << "Max of " << nArg1 << " and " << nArg2 << " is " << ((nArg1 >= nArg2)? nArg1 : nArg2) << endl;
}

int main()
{
     printMax(10,6);//形参nArg1=10,nArg2=6
     printMax(5);//形参nArg1=5,nArg2为默认值3
     printMax();//形参nArg1为默认值2,nArg2为默认值3
     return 0;
}

7、QT串口通信类使用

8、串口示例程序(全部由AI豆包生成)

9、头文件mainwindow.h 

#ifndef MAINWINDOW_H
#define MAINWINDOW_H

#include <QMainWindow>
#include <QtSerialPort/QSerialPort>
#include <QtSerialPort/QSerialPortInfo>

QT_BEGIN_NAMESPACE
namespace Ui { class MainWindow; }
QT_END_NAMESPACE

class MainWindow : public QMainWindow
{
    Q_OBJECT

public:
    MainWindow(QWidget *parent = nullptr);
    ~MainWindow();

private slots:
    void on_openButton_clicked();
    void on_sendButton_clicked();
    void readData();
    void on_clearButton_clicked();

private:
    Ui::MainWindow *ui;
    QSerialPort *serial;
    void initSerialPortSettings();
};
#endif // MAINWINDOW_H

10、Main.cpp

#include "mainwindow.h"
#include <QApplication>

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    QApplication a(argc, argv);
    MainWindow w;
    w.show();
    return a.exec();
}

11、mainwindow.cpp

#include "mainwindow.h"
#include "ui_mainwindow.h"
#include <QDebug>
#include <QMessageBox>
#include <QDateTime>

MainWindow::MainWindow(QWidget *parent)
    : QMainWindow(parent)
    , ui(new Ui::MainWindow)
{
    ui->setupUi(this);
    setWindowTitle("Qt串口通信示例");

    serial = new QSerialPort(this);
    initSerialPortSettings();

    connect(serial, &QSerialPort::readyRead, this, &MainWindow::readData);
}

MainWindow::~MainWindow()
{
    if (serial->isOpen()) {
        serial->close();
    }
    delete ui;
}

void MainWindow::initSerialPortSettings()
{
    // 填充串口设备列表
    ui->portComboBox->clear();
    foreach (const QSerialPortInfo &info, QSerialPortInfo::availablePorts()) {
        ui->portComboBox->addItem(info.portName());
    }

    // 填充波特率列表
    ui->baudComboBox->clear();
    ui->baudComboBox->addItem("9600", QSerialPort::Baud9600);
    ui->baudComboBox->addItem("115200", QSerialPort::Baud115200);
    ui->baudComboBox->addItem("57600", QSerialPort::Baud57600);
    ui->baudComboBox->addItem("38400", QSerialPort::Baud38400);
    ui->baudComboBox->setCurrentText("115200");

    // 填充数据位列表
    ui->dataBitsComboBox->clear();
    ui->dataBitsComboBox->addItem("8", QSerialPort::Data8);
    ui->dataBitsComboBox->addItem("7", QSerialPort::Data7);
    ui->dataBitsComboBox->addItem("6", QSerialPort::Data6);
    ui->dataBitsComboBox->addItem("5", QSerialPort::Data5);
    ui->dataBitsComboBox->setCurrentText("8");

    // 填充停止位列表
    ui->stopBitsComboBox->clear();
    ui->stopBitsComboBox->addItem("1", QSerialPort::OneStop);
    ui->stopBitsComboBox->addItem("1.5", QSerialPort::OneAndHalfStop);
    ui->stopBitsComboBox->addItem("2", QSerialPort::TwoStop);

    // 填充校验位列表
    ui->parityComboBox->clear();
    ui->parityComboBox->addItem("None", QSerialPort::NoParity);
    ui->parityComboBox->addItem("Even", QSerialPort::EvenParity);
    ui->parityComboBox->addItem("Odd", QSerialPort::OddParity);
    ui->parityComboBox->addItem("Mark", QSerialPort::MarkParity);
    ui->parityComboBox->addItem("Space", QSerialPort::SpaceParity);
}

void MainWindow::on_openButton_clicked()
{
    if (serial->isOpen()) {
        serial->close();
        ui->openButton->setText("打开串口");
        ui->statusLabel->setText("串口已关闭");
    } else {
        // 设置串口参数
        serial->setPortName(ui->portComboBox->currentText());
        serial->setBaudRate(ui->baudComboBox->currentData().toInt());
        serial->setDataBits(static_cast<QSerialPort::DataBits>(ui->dataBitsComboBox->currentData().toInt()));
        serial->setStopBits(static_cast<QSerialPort::StopBits>(ui->stopBitsComboBox->currentIndex()));
        serial->setParity(static_cast<QSerialPort::Parity>(ui->parityComboBox->currentIndex()));
        serial->setFlowControl(QSerialPort::NoFlowControl);

        // 打开串口
        if (serial->open(QIODevice::ReadWrite)) {
            ui->openButton->setText("关闭串口");
            ui->statusLabel->setText("串口已打开");
        } else {
            QMessageBox::critical(this, "错误", "无法打开串口: " + serial->errorString());
            ui->statusLabel->setText("打开串口失败");
        }
    }
}

void MainWindow::on_sendButton_clicked()
{
    if (serial->isOpen()) {
        QString data = ui->sendTextEdit->toPlainText();
        if (!data.isEmpty()) {
            qint64 bytesWritten = serial->write(data.toUtf8());
            if (bytesWritten == -1) {
                ui->statusLabel->setText("发送失败");
            } else if (bytesWritten < data.length()) {
                ui->statusLabel->setText("部分数据发送失败");
            } else {
                ui->statusLabel->setText("数据发送成功");
                // 在接收区显示发送的数据，添加时间戳
                QString currentTime = QDateTime::currentDateTime().toString("HH:mm:ss");
                ui->receiveTextEdit->append("[" + currentTime + " 发送] " + data);
            }
        }
    } else {
        QMessageBox::warning(this, "警告", "串口未打开");
    }
}

void MainWindow::readData()
{
    QByteArray data = serial->readAll();
    if (!data.isEmpty()) {
        // 在接收区显示接收到的数据，添加时间戳
        QString currentTime = QDateTime::currentDateTime().toString("HH:mm:ss");
        ui->receiveTextEdit->append("[" + currentTime + " 接收] " + QString::fromUtf8(data));
    }
}

void MainWindow::on_clearButton_clicked()
{
    ui->receiveTextEdit->clear();
}

12、Ui文件编辑

13、Ui设计界面

13、Ui文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<ui version="4.0">
 <class>MainWindow</class>
 <widget class="QMainWindow" name="MainWindow">
  <property name="geometry">
   <rect>
    <x>0</x>
    <y>0</y>
    <width>640</width>
    <height>624</height>
   </rect>
  </property>
  <property name="windowTitle">
   <string>MainWindow</string>
  </property>
  <widget class="QWidget" name="centralWidget">
   <layout class="QVBoxLayout" name="verticalLayout">
    <item>
     <widget class="QGroupBox" name="serialSettingsGroupBox">
      <property name="title">
       <string>串口设置</string>
      </property>
      <layout class="QGridLayout" name="gridLayout">
       <item row="0" column="0">
        <widget class="QLabel" name="portLabel">
         <property name="text">
          <string>串口:</string>
         </property>
        </widget>
       </item>
       <item row="0" column="1">
        <widget class="QComboBox" name="portComboBox"/>
       </item>
       <item row="0" column="2">
        <widget class="QLabel" name="baudLabel">
         <property name="text">
          <string>波特率:</string>
         </property>
        </widget>
       </item>
       <item row="0" column="3">
        <widget class="QComboBox" name="baudComboBox"/>
       </item>
       <item row="1" column="0">
        <widget class="QLabel" name="dataBitsLabel">
         <property name="text">
          <string>数据位:</string>
         </property>
        </widget>
       </item>
       <item row="1" column="1">
        <widget class="QComboBox" name="dataBitsComboBox"/>
       </item>
       <item row="1" column="2">
        <widget class="QLabel" name="stopBitsLabel">
         <property name="text">
          <string>停止位:</string>
         </property>
        </widget>
       </item>
       <item row="1" column="3">
        <widget class="QComboBox" name="stopBitsComboBox"/>
       </item>
       <item row="2" column="0">
        <widget class="QLabel" name="parityLabel">
         <property name="text">
          <string>校验位:</string>
         </property>
        </widget>
       </item>
       <item row="2" column="1">
        <widget class="QComboBox" name="parityComboBox"/>
       </item>
       <item row="2" column="2">
        <widget class="QPushButton" name="openButton">
         <property name="text">
          <string>打开串口</string>
         </property>
        </widget>
       </item>
      </layout>
     </widget>
    </item>
    <item>
     <widget class="QGroupBox" name="receiveGroupBox">
      <property name="title">
       <string>接收区</string>
      </property>
      <layout class="QVBoxLayout" name="verticalLayout_2">
       <item>
        <widget class="QTextEdit" name="receiveTextEdit">
         <property name="readOnly">
          <bool>true</bool>
         </property>
        </widget>
       </item>
       <item>
        <widget class="QPushButton" name="clearButton">
         <property name="text">
          <string>清空接收区</string>
         </property>
        </widget>
       </item>
      </layout>
     </widget>
    </item>
    <item>
     <widget class="QGroupBox" name="sendGroupBox">
      <property name="title">
       <string>发送区</string>
      </property>
      <layout class="QVBoxLayout" name="verticalLayout_3">
       <item>
        <widget class="QTextEdit" name="sendTextEdit"/>
       </item>
       <item>
        <widget class="QPushButton" name="sendButton">
         <property name="text">
          <string>发送数据</string>
         </property>
        </widget>
       </item>
      </layout>
     </widget>
    </item>
    <item>
     <widget class="QLabel" name="statusLabel">
      <property name="text">
       <string>状态: 就绪</string>
      </property>
     </widget>
    </item>
   </layout>
  </widget>
  <widget class="QMenuBar" name="menuBar">
   <property name="geometry">
    <rect>
     <x>0</x>
     <y>0</y>
     <width>640</width>
     <height>29</height>
    </rect>
   </property>
  </widget>
  <widget class="QToolBar" name="toolBar">
   <attribute name="toolBarArea">
    <enum>TopToolBarArea</enum>
   </attribute>
   <attribute name="toolBarBreak">
    <bool>false</bool>
   </attribute>
  </widget>
  <widget class="QStatusBar" name="statusBar"/>
 </widget>
 <layoutdefault spacing="6" margin="11"/>
 <resources/>
 <connections/>
</ui>

14、项目构建目录修改

15、选择对应的编译器

16、QT终端

这是 Qt 6.9.0 版本基于 MinGW 13.1.0 64 位编译器的命令行终端窗口 。其中 “Setting up environment for Qt usage...” 提示正在设置 Qt 使用环境，当前路径为 C:\Qt\6.9.0\mingw_64 。Qt 是一个跨平台的 C++ 应用程序开发框架，可用于开发图形用户界面（GUI）程序，也能用于开发非 GUI 程序，如控制台工具和服务器。MinGW（Minimalist GNU for Windows）是在 Windows 平台上使用的 GNU 工具集合，提供了一套完整的开发环境，能让开发者在 Windows 下使用 GCC 等 GNU 工具来编译和构建程序。