lio_sam之闭环检测

简要概述：没什么就是icp匹配，为因子图提供闭环检测因子，这里闭环检测是一对一，cartographer中是一对多

 /**
     * 闭环scan-to-map，icp优化位姿
     * 1、在历史关键帧中查找与当前关键帧距离最近的关键帧集合，选择时间相隔较远的一帧作为候选闭环帧
     * 2、提取当前关键帧特征点集合，降采样；提取闭环匹配关键帧前后相邻若干帧的关键帧特征点集合，降采样
     * 3、执行scan-to-map优化，调用icp方法，得到优化后位姿，构造闭环因子需要的数据，在因子图优化中一并加入更新位姿
     * 注：闭环的时候没有立即更新当前帧的位姿，而是添加闭环因子，让图优化去更新位姿
    */
    void performLoopClosure()
    {
        if (cloudKeyPoses3D->points.empty() == true)
            return;

        mtx.lock();
        *copy_cloudKeyPoses3D = *cloudKeyPoses3D;
        *copy_cloudKeyPoses6D = *cloudKeyPoses6D;
        mtx.unlock();

        // 当前关键帧索引，候选闭环匹配帧索引
        int loopKeyCur;
        int loopKeyPre;
        // not-used
        if (detectLoopClosureExternal(&loopKeyCur, &loopKeyPre) == false)
        // 在历史关键帧中查找与当前关键帧距离最近的关键帧集合，选择时间相隔较远的一帧作为候选闭环帧
        if (detectLoopClosureDistance(&loopKeyCur, &loopKeyPre) == false) return;

        // 提取
        pcl::PointCloud<PointType>::Ptr cureKeyframeCloud(new pcl::PointCloud<PointType>());
        pcl::PointCloud<PointType>::Ptr prevKeyframeCloud(new pcl::PointCloud<PointType>());
        {
            // 提取当前关键帧特征点集合，降采样
            loopFindNearKeyframes(cureKeyframeCloud, loopKeyCur, 0);
            // 提取闭环匹配关键帧前后相邻若干帧的关键帧特征点集合，降采样
            loopFindNearKeyframes(prevKeyframeCloud, loopKeyPre, historyKeyframeSearchNum);
            // 如果特征点较少，返回
            if (cureKeyframeCloud->size() < 300 || prevKeyframeCloud->size() < 1000)
                return;
            // 发布闭环匹配关键帧局部map
            if (pubHistoryKeyFrames.getNumSubscribers() != 0)
                publishCloud(&pubHistoryKeyFrames, prevKeyframeCloud, timeLaserInfoStamp, odometryFrame);
        }

        // ICP参数设置
        static pcl::IterativeClosestPoint<PointType, PointType> icp;
        //historyKeyframeSearchRadius = 15
        icp.setMaxCorrespondenceDistance(historyKeyframeSearchRadius*2);
        icp.setMaximumIterations(100);
        icp.setTransformationEpsilon(1e-6);
        icp.setEuclideanFitnessEpsilon(1e-6);
        icp.setRANSACIterations(0);

        // scan-to-map，调用icp匹配
        icp.setInputSource(cureKeyframeCloud);
        icp.setInputTarget(prevKeyframeCloud);
        pcl::PointCloud<PointType>::Ptr unused_result(new pcl::PointCloud<PointType>());
        icp.align(*unused_result);

        // 未收敛，或者匹配不够好
        // historyKeyframeFitnessScore = 0.3
        if (icp.hasConverged() == false || icp.getFitnessScore() > historyKeyframeFitnessScore)
            return;

        // 发布当前关键帧经过闭环优化后的位姿变换之后的特征点云
        if (pubIcpKeyFrames.getNumSubscribers() != 0)
        {
            pcl::PointCloud<PointType>::Ptr closed_cloud(new pcl::PointCloud<PointType>());
            pcl::transformPointCloud(*cureKeyframeCloud, *closed_cloud, icp.getFinalTransformation());
            publishCloud(&pubIcpKeyFrames, closed_cloud, timeLaserInfoStamp, odometryFrame);
        }

        // 闭环优化得到的当前关键帧与闭环关键帧之间的位姿变换
        float x, y, z, roll, pitch, yaw;
        Eigen::Affine3f correctionLidarFrame;
        correctionLidarFrame = icp.getFinalTransformation();
        
        // 闭环优化前当前帧位姿
        Eigen::Affine3f tWrong = pclPointToAffine3f(copy_cloudKeyPoses6D->points[loopKeyCur]);
        // 闭环优化后当前帧位姿
        Eigen::Affine3f tCorrect = correctionLidarFrame * tWrong;
        pcl::getTranslationAndEulerAngles (tCorrect, x, y, z, roll, pitch, yaw);
        gtsam::Pose3 poseFrom = Pose3(Rot3::RzRyRx(roll, pitch, yaw), Point3(x, y, z));
        // 闭环匹配帧的位姿
        gtsam::Pose3 poseTo = pclPointTogtsamPose3(copy_cloudKeyPoses6D->points[loopKeyPre]);
        gtsam::Vector Vector6(6);
        float noiseScore = icp.getFitnessScore();
        Vector6 << noiseScore, noiseScore, noiseScore, noiseScore, noiseScore, noiseScore;
        noiseModel::Diagonal::shared_ptr constraintNoise = noiseModel::Diagonal::Variances(Vector6);

        // 添加闭环因子需要的数据
        mtx.lock();
        loopIndexQueue.push_back(make_pair(loopKeyCur, loopKeyPre));
        loopPoseQueue.push_back(poseFrom.between(poseTo));
        loopNoiseQueue.push_back(constraintNoise);
        mtx.unlock();

        loopIndexContainer[loopKeyCur] = loopKeyPre;
    }