使用 PyTorch 进行 K 折交叉验证

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一、说明

        中号机器学习模型在训练后必须使用测试集进行评估。我们这样做是为了确保模型不会过度拟合,并确保它们适用于现实生活中的数据集,与训练集相比,现实数据集的分布可能略有偏差。

        但为了使您的模型真正稳健,仅仅通过训练/测试分割进行评估可能还不够。

        例如,假设您有一个由两个类的样本组成的数据集。数据集前 80% 中的大多数样本属于 A 类,而其他 20% 中的大多数样本属于 B 类。如果您采用简单的 80/20 保留分割,那么您的数据集将具有截然不同的分布——评估可能会得出错误的结论。

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Sure! Here's an example of how you can implement k-fold cross-validation using PyTorch: ```python import torch from torch.utils.data import Subset, DataLoader # Define your dataset and model dataset = YourDataset() model = YourModel() # Set hyperparameters num_epochs = 10 batch_size = 64 k_folds = 5 # Calculate the size of each fold fold_size = len(dataset) // k_folds # Define the loss function and optimizer criterion = torch.nn.CrossEntropyLoss() optimizer = torch.optim.SGD(model.parameters(), lr=0.001) # Perform k-fold cross-validation for fold in range(k_folds): # Create the training and validation sets for this fold start_index = fold * fold_size end_index = (fold + 1) * fold_size # Prepare the data loaders for training and validation train_indices = list(set(range(len(dataset))) - set(range(start_index, end_index))) train_sampler = SubsetRandomSampler(train_indices) train_loader = DataLoader(dataset, batch_size=batch_size, sampler=train_sampler) val_indices = list(range(start_index, end_index)) val_sampler = SubsetRandomSampler(val_indices) val_loader = DataLoader(dataset, batch_size=batch_size, sampler=val_sampler) # Train the model for this fold for epoch in range(num_epochs): model.train() for inputs, targets in train_loader: optimizer.zero_grad() outputs = model(inputs) loss = criterion(outputs, targets) loss.backward() optimizer.step() # Evaluate the model on the validation set for this fold model.eval() total_loss = 0 correct = 0 total = 0 with torch.no_grad(): for inputs, targets in val_loader: outputs = model(inputs) loss = criterion(outputs, targets) total_loss += loss.item() _, predicted = torch.max(outputs.data, 1) total += targets.size(0) correct += (predicted == targets).sum().item() # Print the validation accuracy for this fold print(f"Fold {fold + 1}, Epoch {epoch + 1}: Validation Accuracy = {100 * correct / total}%") ``` In this code, you would need to replace `YourDataset` and `YourModel` with your own dataset and model classes. The code performs k-fold cross-validation by creating separate training and validation sets for each fold using the `SubsetRandomSampler`. The model is trained on the training set and evaluated on the validation set for each fold. Finally, the validation accuracy for each fold is printed. Remember to adjust the hyperparameters (`num_epochs`, `batch_size`, `k_folds`, etc.) according to your specific needs.

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