0. 导数的证明:定义
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( u v ) ′ = u ′ v + u v ′ (uv)'=u'v+uv' (uv)′=u′v+uv′
导数定义:
( u v ) ′ = u ( x + Δ x ) v ( x + Δ x ) − u ( x ) v ( x ) Δ x = u ( x + Δ x ) v ( x + Δ x ) − u ( x ) v ( x + Δ x ) + u ( x ) v ( x + Δ x ) − u ( x ) v ( x ) Δ x = u ′ v + u v ′ \begin{array}{rl} (uv)'=&\frac{u(x+\Delta x)v(x+\Delta x)-u(x)v(x)}{\Delta x}\\ =&\frac{u(x+\Delta x)v(x+\Delta x)-u(x)v(x+\Delta x)+u(x)v(x+\Delta x)-u(x)v(x)}{\Delta x}\\ =&u'v+uv' \end{array} (uv)′===Δxu(x+Δx)v(x+Δx)−u(x)v(x)Δxu(x+Δx)v(x+Δx)−u(x)v(x+Δx)+u(x)v(x+Δx)−u(x)v(x)u′v+uv′
1. 极限的求解:洛必达法则
- lim x → 0 x log x = lim x → 0 log x 1 / x   = L H   lim x → 0 1 / x − 1 / x 2 = lim x → 0 − x 2 x = lim x → 0 − x = 0. \lim \limits_{x \to 0} x \log{x} = \lim \limits_{x \to 0} \frac{\log x}{1/x} \, \stackrel{LH}{=} \, \lim \limits_{x \to 0} \frac{1/x}{-1/x^2}=\lim \limits_{x \to 0} \frac{-x^2}{x} = \lim \limits_{x \to 0} -x = 0. x→0limxlogx=x→0lim1/xlogx=LHx→0lim−1/x21/x=x→0limx−x2=x→0lim−x=0.
2. 导数的求解
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x
x
x^x
xx
- a x ⇒ a x ln a a^x ⇒ a^x\ln a ax⇒axlna
- x n ⇒ n x n − 1 x^n ⇒ nx^{n-1} xn⇒nxn−1
- x x ⇒ e ln x x = e x ln x ⇒ e x ln x ( ln x + 1 ) x^x ⇒ e^{\ln x^x}=e^{x\ln x} ⇒ e^{x\ln x}(\ln x+1) xx⇒elnxx=exlnx⇒exlnx(lnx+1)