1. 把定积分定义为积分和的极限
∫ a b f ( x ) d x = lim ∑ f ( ξ i ) ( x i − x i − 1 ) \int_a^bf(x)dx=\lim\sum f(\xi_i)(x_i-x_{i-1}) ∫abf(x)dx=lim∑f(ξi)(xi−xi−1)
来看一道利用积分和式求极限的公式:
设
f
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x
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f(x)
f(x) 在 [0, 1]
上连续,
u
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1
n
∑
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1
n
f
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i
n
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u_n=\frac1n\sum\limits_{i=1}^nf\left(\frac in\right)
un=n1i=1∑nf(ni) 或
u
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1
n
∑
i
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0
n
−
1
f
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i
n
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u_n=\frac1n\sum\limits_{i=0}^{n-1}f\left(\frac in\right)
un=n1i=0∑n−1f(ni)(0-1分为N份),则:
lim n → ∞ u n = lim n → ∞ 1 n ∑ i = 1 n f ( i n ) = ∫ 0 1 f ( x ) d x \lim_{n\to \infty}u_n=\lim_{n\to \infty}\frac1n\sum\limits_{i=1}^nf\left(\frac in\right)=\int_{0}^1f\left(x\right)dx n→∞limun=n→∞limn1i=1∑nf(ni)=∫01f(x)dx