考虑这样一个问题,给定一个矩阵(多维数组,numpy.ndarray()
),如何shuffle
这个矩阵(也就是对其行进行全排列),如何随机地选择其中的k
行,这叫组合,实现一种某一维度空间的切片。例如五列中选三列(全部三列的排列数),便从原有的五维空间中降维到三维空间,因为是全部的排列数,故不会漏掉任何一种可能性。
涉及的函数主要有:
np.random.permutation()
itertools.combinations()
itertools.permutations()
# 1. 对0-5之间的数进行一次全排列
>>>np.random.permutation(6)
array([3, 1, 5, 4, 0, 2])
# 2. 创建待排矩阵
>>>A = np.array([[1, 2, 3, 4], [5, 6, 7, 8], [9, 10, 11, 12]])
# 3. shuffle矩阵A
>>>p = np.random.permutation(A.shape[0])
>>>p
array([1, 2, 0])
>>>A[p, :]
array([[ 5, 6, 7, 8],
[ 9, 10, 11, 12],
[ 1, 2, 3, 4]])
C25 的实现
>>>from itertools import combinations
>>>combins = [c for c in combinations(range(5), 2)]
>>>len(combins)
10
>>>combins # 而且是按序排列
[(0, 1), (0, 2), (0, 3), (0, 4), (1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4), (2, 3), (2, 4), (3, 4)]
A25 的实现
>>>from itertools import permutations
>>>pertumations(range(5), 2)
<itertools.permutations object at 0x0233E360>
>>>perms = permutations(range(5), 2)
>>>perms
[(0, 1), (0, 2), (0, 3), (0, 4), (1, 0), (1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4), (2, 0), (2, 1),
(2, 3), (2, 4), (3, 0), (3, 1), (3, 2), (3, 4), (4, 0), (4, 1), (4, 2), (4, 3)]
>>>len(perms)
20
# 5. 任取其中的k(k=2)行
>>>c = [c for c in combinations(range(A.shape[0]), 2)]
>>>A[c[0], :] # 一种排列
array([[1, 2, 3, 4],
[5, 6, 7, 8]])