Pandas-时间（二）-数据类型：DatetimeIndex（其中每个元素的类型为：Timestamp）【创建方式：①pd.DatetimeIndex([])；②pd.to_datetime()】

一、pd.DatetimeIndex()：直接创建

import pandas as pd
from datetime import datetime

# pd.DatetimeIndex()

# 直接生成时间戳索引，支持str、datetime.datetime
rng1 = pd.DatetimeIndex(['12/1/2017', '12/2/2017', '12/3/2017'])
print("rng1 = {0}, type(rng1) = {1}".format(rng1, type(rng1)))
print("-" * 50)
print("rng1[0] = {0}, type(rng1[0]) = {1}".format(rng1[0], type(rng1[0])))
print("-" * 200)

rng2 = pd.DatetimeIndex(['12/1/2017'])
print("rng2 = {0}, type(rng2) = {1}".format(rng2, type(rng2)))
print("-" * 50)
print("rng2[0] = {0}, type(rng2[0]) = {1}".format(rng2[0], type(rng2[0])))
print("-" * 200)

rng3 = pd.DatetimeIndex([datetime(2015, 6, 1), datetime(2015, 7, 1), datetime(2015, 8, 1)])
print("rng3 = {0}, type(rng3) = {1}".format(rng3, type(rng3)))
print("-" * 50)
print("rng3[0] = {0}, type(rng3[0]) = {1}".format(rng3[0], type(rng3[0])))

打印结果：

rng1 = DatetimeIndex(['2017-12-01', '2017-12-02', '2017-12-03'], dtype='datetime64[ns]', freq=None), type(rng1) = <class 'pandas.core.indexes.datetimes.DatetimeIndex'>
--------------------------------------------------
rng1[0] = 2017-12-01 00:00:00, type(rng1[0]) = <class 'pandas._libs.tslibs.timestamps.Timestamp'>
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
rng2 = DatetimeIndex(['2017-12-01'], dtype='datetime64[ns]', freq=None), type(rng2) = <class 'pandas.core.indexes.datetimes.DatetimeIndex'>
--------------------------------------------------
rng2[0] = 2017-12-01 00:00:00, type(rng2[0]) = <class 'pandas._libs.tslibs.timestamps.Timestamp'>
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
rng3 = DatetimeIndex(['2015-06-01', '2015-07-01', '2015-08-01'], dtype='datetime64[ns]', freq=None), type(rng3) = <class 'pandas.core.indexes.datetimes.DatetimeIndex'>
--------------------------------------------------
rng3[0] = 2015-06-01 00:00:00, type(rng3[0]) = <class 'pandas._libs.tslibs.timestamps.Timestamp'>

Process finished with exit code 0

二、pd.to_datetime([])：生成时间戳序列

pd.to_datetime()：

• 如果是单个时间数据，转换成pandas的时刻数据，数据类型为Timestamp
• 多个时间数据，将会转换为pandas的DatetimeIndex数据类型

1、生成时间戳序列

pd.to_datetime()：如果输入的是多个时间数据，将会转换为pandas的DatetimeIndex，DatetimeIndex列表的每一个元素的类型就是Timestamp类型。

from datetime import datetime
import pandas as pd

# 多个时间数据，将会转换为pandas的DatetimeIndex
date1 = [datetime(2015, 6, 1), datetime(2015, 7, 1), datetime(2015, 8, 1)]
date2 = ['2017-2-1', '2017-2-2', '2017-2-3']
print("date1 = {0}, type(date1) = {1}".format(date1, type(date1)))
print("date2 = {0}, type(date2) = {1}".format(date2, type(date2)))
print('-' * 100)

t1 = pd.to_datetime(date1)
t2 = pd.to_datetime(date2)

print("t1 = {0}----type(t1) = {1}".format(t1, type(t1)))
print("t1[0] = {0}----type(t1[0]) = {1}".format(t1[0], type(t1[0])))
print('-' * 50)
print("t2 = {0}----type(t2) = {1}".format(t2, type(t2)))
print("t2[0] = {0}----type(t2[0]) = {1}".format(t2[0], type(t2[0])))
print('-' * 100)

打印结果：

date1 = [datetime.datetime(2015, 6, 1, 0, 0), datetime.datetime(2015, 7, 1, 0, 0), datetime.datetime(2015, 8, 1, 0, 0)], type(date1) = <class 'list'>
date2 = ['2017-2-1', '2017-2-2', '2017-2-3'], type(date2) = <class 'list'>
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
t1 = DatetimeIndex(['2015-06-01', '2015-07-01', '2015-08-01'], dtype='datetime64[ns]', freq=None)----type(t1) = <class 'pandas.core.indexes.datetimes.DatetimeIndex'>
t1[0] = 2015-06-01 00:00:00----type(t1[0]) = <class 'pandas._libs.tslibs.timestamps.Timestamp'>
--------------------------------------------------
t2 = DatetimeIndex(['2017-02-01', '2017-02-02', '2017-02-03'], dtype='datetime64[ns]', freq=None)----type(t2) = <class 'pandas.core.indexes.datetimes.DatetimeIndex'>
t2[0] = 2017-02-01 00:00:00----type(t2[0]) = <class 'pandas._libs.tslibs.timestamps.Timestamp'>
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Process finished with exit code 0

2、时间戳序列中夹杂其他格式数据

当一组时间序列中夹杂其他格式数据，可用errors参数返回

• errors = ‘ignore’:不可解析时返回原始输入，这里就是直接生成一般数组
• errors = ‘coerce’:不可扩展，缺失值返回NaT（Not a Time），结果仍为DatetimeIndex

import pandas as pd

# 当一组时间序列中夹杂其他格式数据，可用errors参数返回
date3 = ['2017-2-1', '2017-2-2', '2017-2-3', 'hello world!', '2017-2-5', '2017-2-6']
# errors = 'ignore':不可解析时返回原始输入，这里就是直接生成一般数组
t3 = pd.to_datetime(date3, errors='ignore')
# errors = 'coerce':不可扩展，缺失值返回NaT（Not a Time），结果认为DatetimeIndex
t4 = pd.to_datetime(date3, errors='coerce')
print("t3 = {0} \ntype(t3) = {1}".format(t3, type(t3)))
print('-' * 50)
print("t4 = {0} \ntype(t4) = {1}".format(t4, type(t4)))
print('-' * 100)

打印结果：

t3 = ['2017-2-1' '2017-2-2' '2017-2-3' 'hello world!' '2017-2-5' '2017-2-6'] 
type(t3) = <class 'numpy.ndarray'>
--------------------------------------------------
t4 = DatetimeIndex(['2017-02-01', '2017-02-02', '2017-02-03', 'NaT', '2017-02-05', '2017-02-06'], dtype='datetime64[ns]', freq=None) 
type(t4) = <class 'pandas.core.indexes.datetimes.DatetimeIndex'>
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Process finished with exit code 0