GLUE的论文为:GLUE: A Multi-Task Benchmark and Analysis Platform for Natural Language Understanding
GLUE的官网为:gluebenchmark.com/
本文的目的在于针对GLUE的九个任务分别做一个相对详细的说明,给出一些样例,有一个相对整体确切的感受,同时提供一个可以方便下载GLUE数据集的链接,供读者使用。
一、任务介绍
GLUE共有九个任务,分别是CoLA、SST-2、MRPC、STS-B、QQP、MNLI、QNLI、RTE、WNLI。如下图图2所示,可以分为三类,分别是单句任务,相似性和释义任务,
GLUE九大任务的描述和统计。所有任务都是单句或者句子对分类,除了STS-B是一个回归任务。MNLI有3个类别,所有其他分类任务都是2个类别。测试集中加粗的表示测试集中标签从未在公共论坛等场所展示过
1、CoLA
CoLA(The Corpus of Linguistic Acceptability,语言可接受性语料库),单句子分类任务,语料来自语言理论的书籍和期刊,每个句子被标注为是否合乎语法的单词序列。本任务是一个二分类任务,标签共两个,分别是0和1,其中0表示不合乎语法,1表示合乎语法。
样本个数:训练集8, 551个,开发集1, 043个,测试集1, 063个。
任务:可接受程度,合乎语法与不合乎语法二分类。
评价准则:Matthews correlation coefficient。
标签为1(合乎语法)的样例:
- She is proud.
- she is the mother.
- John thinks Mary left.
- Yes, she did.
- Will John not go to school?
- Mary noticed John’s excessive appreciation of himself.
标签为0(不合语法)的样例:
- Mary sent.
- Yes, she used.
- Mary wonders for Bill to come.
- They are intense of Bill.
- Mary thinks whether Bill will come.
- Mary noticed John’s excessive appreciation of herself.
注意到,这里面的句子看起来不是很长,有些错误是性别不符,有些是缺词、少词,有些是加s不加s的情况,各种语法错误。但我也注意到,有一些看起来错误并没有那么严重,甚至在某些情况还是可以说的通的。
2、SST-2
SST-2(The Stanford Sentiment Treebank,斯坦福情感树库),单句子分类任务,包含电影评论中的句子和它们情感的人类注释。这项任务是给定句子的情感,类别分为两类正面情感(positive,样本标签对应为1)和负面情感(negative,样本标签对应为0),并且只用句子级别的标签。也就是,本任务也是一个二分类任务,针对句子级别,分为正面和负面情感。
样本个数:训练集67, 350个,开发集873个,测试集1, 821个。
任务:情感分类,正面情感和负面情感二分类。
评价准则:accuracy。
标签为1(正面情感,positive)的样例:
- two central performances
- against shimmering cinematography that lends the setting the ethereal beauty of an asian landscape painting
- the situation in a well-balanced fashion
- a better movie
- at achieving the modest , crowd-pleasing goals it sets for itself
- a patient viewer
标签为0(负面情感,negative)的样例:
- a transparently hypocritical work that feels as though it 's trying to set the women 's liberation movement back 20 years
- so pat it makes your teeth hurt
- blood work is laughable in the solemnity with which it tries to pump life into overworked elements from eastwood 's dirty harry period .
- faced with the possibility that her life is meaningless , vapid and devoid of substance , in a movie that is definitely meaningless , vapid and devoid of substance
- monotone
- this new jangle of noise , mayhem and stupidity must be a serious contender for the title .
注意到,由于句子来源于电影评论,又有它们情感的人类注释,不同于CoLA的整体偏短,有些句子很长,有些句子很短,长短并不整齐划一。